sea cow, sea urchin, sea otter and kelp
Modelling the extinction of Steller's sea cowS.T Turvey1,* and C.L Risley2
Biology Letter
機經(jīng)原文“另一篇需要在草稿紙上畫關系圖的閱讀：某島上的sea cow（神馬玩意：海牛）在短短十來年間滅絕了，這是難以僅僅用人類的捕獵來解釋的。其實呢，是這樣的：人類在捕殺sea cow的同時也在捕殺另一種玩意，這種玩意的主食是U開頭的一個玩意sea urchin 海膽。U這些玩意因此得以坐大，吃掉了很多的otter（又是神馬：水獺）。Otter可是咱們的sea cow的主食呀，被U們吃光了，親們就不得不加速滅絕了。"（機經(jīng)原文錯成這樣了……海牛吃水獺，太恐怖了）
先把abstract放上來（看完就基本搞定文章大意了）：
Steller’s sea cow, a giant sirenian discovered in 1741 and extinct by 1768, is one of the few megafaunal mammal species to have died out during the historical period. The species is traditionally considered to have been exterminated by ‘blitzkrieg’-style direct overharvesting for food, but it has also been proposed that its extinction resulted from a sea urchin population explosion（海膽增多） triggered by extirpation of local sea otter populations（海獺滅絕） that eliminated the shallow water kelps（淺水褐藻滅絕） on which sea cows fed. Hunting records from eighteenth century Russian expeditions to the Commander Islands, in conjunction with life-history data extrapolated from dugongs（儒艮）, permit modelling of sea cow extinction dynamics. （用記錄model海牛滅絕的過程）Sea cows were massively and wastefully overexploited, being hunted at over seven times the sustainable limit, and suggesting that the initial Bering Island sea cow population must have been higher than suggested by previous researchers to allow the species to survive even until 1768.（作者認為是捕獵導致滅絕的） Environmental changes caused by sea otter declines are unlikely to have contributed to this extinction event.（作者不同意食物鏈說） This indicates that megafaunal extinctions can be effected by small bands of hunters using pre-industrial technologies, and highlights the catastrophic impact of wastefulness when overexploiting resources mistakenly perceived as ‘infinite’（作者認為：滅絕可以由一小群捕獵者導致，浪費（即過度捕殺原本以為是無盡的資源）會帶來災難性的后果）.
human hunted sea cows => the author's point of view
extirpation of sea otter海獺滅絕 => explosion of sea urchin海膽增多 => eat all the kelps 褐藻滅絕=> no kelp for sea cow to eat海牛餓死 {the alternative explanation that the auhtor disagreed}
文章很短，大家看intro就好，后面data神馬的不用管..
Modelling the extinction of Steller's sea cowS.T Turvey1,* and C.L Risley2
Biology Letter
機經(jīng)原文“另一篇需要在草稿紙上畫關系圖的閱讀：某島上的sea cow（神馬玩意：海牛）在短短十來年間滅絕了，這是難以僅僅用人類的捕獵來解釋的。其實呢，是這樣的：人類在捕殺sea cow的同時也在捕殺另一種玩意，這種玩意的主食是U開頭的一個玩意sea urchin 海膽。U這些玩意因此得以坐大，吃掉了很多的otter（又是神馬：水獺）。Otter可是咱們的sea cow的主食呀，被U們吃光了，親們就不得不加速滅絕了。"（機經(jīng)原文錯成這樣了……海牛吃水獺，太恐怖了）
先把abstract放上來（看完就基本搞定文章大意了）：
Steller’s sea cow, a giant sirenian discovered in 1741 and extinct by 1768, is one of the few megafaunal mammal species to have died out during the historical period. The species is traditionally considered to have been exterminated by ‘blitzkrieg’-style direct overharvesting for food, but it has also been proposed that its extinction resulted from a sea urchin population explosion（海膽增多） triggered by extirpation of local sea otter populations（海獺滅絕） that eliminated the shallow water kelps（淺水褐藻滅絕） on which sea cows fed. Hunting records from eighteenth century Russian expeditions to the Commander Islands, in conjunction with life-history data extrapolated from dugongs（儒艮）, permit modelling of sea cow extinction dynamics. （用記錄model海牛滅絕的過程）Sea cows were massively and wastefully overexploited, being hunted at over seven times the sustainable limit, and suggesting that the initial Bering Island sea cow population must have been higher than suggested by previous researchers to allow the species to survive even until 1768.（作者認為是捕獵導致滅絕的） Environmental changes caused by sea otter declines are unlikely to have contributed to this extinction event.（作者不同意食物鏈說） This indicates that megafaunal extinctions can be effected by small bands of hunters using pre-industrial technologies, and highlights the catastrophic impact of wastefulness when overexploiting resources mistakenly perceived as ‘infinite’（作者認為：滅絕可以由一小群捕獵者導致，浪費（即過度捕殺原本以為是無盡的資源）會帶來災難性的后果）.
human hunted sea cows => the author's point of view
extirpation of sea otter海獺滅絕 => explosion of sea urchin海膽增多 => eat all the kelps 褐藻滅絕=> no kelp for sea cow to eat海牛餓死 {the alternative explanation that the auhtor disagreed}
文章很短，大家看intro就好，后面data神馬的不用管..