天津三中 陳吉敏
▲My mother looks through the magazine every day. (一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的主動語態(tài))
The magazine is looked through by my mother every day. (一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動語態(tài))
▲My mother looked through the magazine last night. (一般過去時(shí)的主動語態(tài))
The magazine was looked through by my mother last night. (一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài))
英語中的被動語態(tài)是同學(xué)們在中學(xué)階段需要掌握的主要語法內(nèi)容之一，在中考中也占有非常重要的位置。在初中三年級上冊(外研版)的模塊3和模塊4中，對中學(xué)階段所學(xué)的各種時(shí)態(tài)和含有情態(tài)動詞句子的被動語態(tài)進(jìn)行了講解，并總結(jié)出各種情況相對應(yīng)的主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)。但是同學(xué)們會發(fā)現(xiàn)，只靠“死記”各種情況的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，在改寫句子的時(shí)候特別容易出錯(尤其是進(jìn)行時(shí)和完成時(shí)兩種情況)。那么，同學(xué)們就應(yīng)該轉(zhuǎn)變方法，由“死記”轉(zhuǎn)向“推理”。
對于各種情況被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的推理，我們可以把它概括為一句話，即“先考慮語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，再考慮時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，時(shí)態(tài)要體現(xiàn)在be動詞上”。下面，讓我們以各種情況為例，體會一下這一方法的具體含義。
①一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài)：
例句：
②含有情態(tài)動詞的句子和一般將來時(shí)的被動語態(tài)：
例句：
▲I can/will finish the work on time.
↓
The work can/will be finished on time.
▲I’m going to finish the work on time.
↓
The work is going to be finished on time.
③現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動語態(tài)：
例句：
▲My mother is looking through the magazine.
↓
The magazine is being looked through by my mother.
④現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)：
例句：
▲I have finished the work.
↓
The work has been finished.
[中考真題]
1.The telephone ______by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. (2008 天津)
A. was invented B. has been invented C. is invented D. will be invented
2. A talk on developments in science and technology _____ in the school hall next week. (2007天津)
A. given B. will be given C. has been given D. gives
3. This kind of food _____ cool,clean and dry according to the instruction.(2006 天津)
A. should be carried B. must be put C. should be placed D. must be kept
4. The flowers ____ every day. Or they’ll die. (2005 天津)
A. must water B. can be watered C. should water D. must be watered
[參考答案]
1. A。通過句意可知為被動語態(tài)(電話被發(fā)明)，通過時(shí)間標(biāo)志(in 1876)可知為一般過去時(shí)。
2. B。通過句意可知為被動語態(tài)(談話被進(jìn)行)，通過時(shí)間標(biāo)志(next week)可知為一般將來時(shí)。
3. D。此題為含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)，但主要考查keep的用法：keep sth. adj.
4. D。此題考查含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：情態(tài)動詞+be+done?；刻毂仨毐粷菜?。
先考慮語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)——be+done
再考慮時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)——情態(tài)動詞/will/be going to+do
時(shí)態(tài)體現(xiàn)在be動詞上——情態(tài)動詞/will/be going to+be+done
be (am/is/are)
其具體形式
由主語決定
在此結(jié)構(gòu)中，該be動詞形式不變
↓
am/is/are+done (一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動語態(tài))
was/were+done (一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài))
再考慮時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，時(shí)態(tài)要體現(xiàn)在be動詞上
先考慮語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)——be+done
↓
——
↓
先考慮語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)——be+done
↓
再考慮時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)——have/has+done
↓
時(shí)態(tài)體現(xiàn)在be動詞上——have/has+been done
先考慮語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)——be+done
再考慮時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)——be(am/is/are)+doing
時(shí)態(tài)體現(xiàn)在be動詞上——be(am/is/are)+being+done
?
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