“主謂一致”專項(xiàng)語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容歸納如下：
l、表示時(shí)間、距離、重量、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)值等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)表示整體概念時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。如： Two months is quite a long time. 兩個(gè)月是相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間。 2、以-s結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。如news，maths，physics, works (工廠)等。 Maths is very popular in our class. 在我們班數(shù)學(xué)很受歡迎。
主語(yǔ)是以-ics 結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞以及等都屬形式復(fù)數(shù)，而意義單數(shù)的名詞，其謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。另外means一詞單復(fù)數(shù)同形應(yīng)視具體情況而定。
Mathematics seems to be difficult to learn.
A new means of teaching is being used in that school.
注：學(xué)科名詞前如有物主代詞修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)常用復(fù)數(shù)。
My mathematics are week.
3、family，class，team，group，crowd, committee等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)，若指一個(gè)整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;若指具體成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。試比較：My family is a very big one，with ten people in it. 我家是一個(gè)大家庭，有十口人。 My family all like watching TV.我們?nèi)胰硕枷矚g看電視。
His family are all music lovers.
4、people, police等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： People here are very friendly. 這兒的人們很友好。 The police are having a meeting. 警察們正在開(kāi)會(huì)。
youth作“青年們”解作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。
The youth of China today are doing their best to study modern science and technology.
5、單數(shù)名詞后跟with， along with(與……一道), together with, as well as(和;也), rather than(而不), but, except， not, like, besides, including 等引起的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，等引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如： My father， together with his friends, is going to visit the Great Wall. 我父親將和他的朋友們一起去參觀長(zhǎng)城。 He as well as his sister is a League member.
6、由either，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等詞連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常和最接近的主語(yǔ)一致。如： Neither you nor Li Hua has been to Shanghai before. 你和李華以前都沒(méi)去過(guò)上海。Is he or you wrong? 他錯(cuò)了還是你錯(cuò)了? Either you or he has to go there with me.
8、以there，here, where開(kāi)頭的句子，若主語(yǔ)不只一個(gè)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常和鄰近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)一致。如：There is a pen and some books on the desk. 課桌上有一枝鋼筆和一些書(shū)。 Here are some books and paper for you. 這是給你的書(shū)和紙。
Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.
7、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。如：Is watching too much TV good or bad for your health? 看太多的電視對(duì)你的身體有益還是有害? What you said is wrong. 你所說(shuō)的是錯(cuò)的。
9、當(dāng)kind of, pair of, glass of等表示確定數(shù)量的名詞短語(yǔ)修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與kind，pair，glass等形式一致。如： This pair of shoes is dirty.這雙鞋臟了。There are two glasses of water on the table. 桌子上有兩杯水。 10、由 “a lot of (lots of) / plenty of / a number of +名詞”或“分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式根據(jù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。如：A lot of people have been to London.許多人去過(guò)倫敦。Three-fifths of the water is dirty. 五分之三的水是臟的。 注：“the number of十復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如： The number of the students in our school is over two thousand. 我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生數(shù)超過(guò)兩千
17.“……的幾分之幾”和“……的百分之幾” 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)取決于 of 后的名詞。Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea. 40 percent of the students in our class are girls.
12、all，some，none，most，any等代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，若指復(fù)數(shù)概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;若指單數(shù)概念，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Not all work is difficult. 不是所有的工作都難。Not all the students are here. 不是所有的學(xué)生都在這兒。 13、當(dāng)and連接的兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)被each，every或no修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。如： Every teacher and every student needs dictionaries. 每個(gè)老師和每個(gè)學(xué)生都需要詞典。
21.由 and 連接的并列單數(shù)主語(yǔ)的前面分別有each, every或no修飾時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。
No student and no teacher is invited to the party.
In our country every boy and every girl has right to receive education.
11、代詞something，anything，nothing，everyone，anybody，nobody，each，neither，either，little，much，one等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Neither of us is a boy.我們倆都不是男孩。 Each of them has an English dictionary. 他們當(dāng)中每人都有一本詞典?！ne of the students was late for school. 14、當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)同位語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)來(lái)確定，區(qū)分主語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)的方法是，用逗號(hào)連接的就是同位語(yǔ)，用連詞and連接的就是主語(yǔ)。如： Susan, Mr Mott’s wife, is a scientist. 蘇姍，也就是默特先生的妻子是一位科學(xué)家。 15、有些形容詞前面加上定冠詞the, 如the poor, the old, the young, the rich, the dying等用來(lái)表示一類人時(shí)，主語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)。如：
The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad. 窮人過(guò)得很快樂(lè)，有錢(qián)人卻過(guò)得不快樂(lè)。
16.由 many a 或 more than + 單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。 Many a foreigner has been to the Great Wall.
More than one student has visited the exhibition.
19.并列主語(yǔ)如果指的是同一人、同一物或同一概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，這時(shí) and 后面的名詞前沒(méi)有冠詞。
The secretary of the Party branch and director of that factory often works with the workers.
20.成對(duì)的名詞，如bread and butter涂黃油的面包，soda and water汽水，coffee and milk加牛奶的咖啡，aim and end目的，salt and water鹽開(kāi)水等，雖然有and連接，但仍表單一概念，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 A knife and fork is on the table.
22.在定語(yǔ)從句中主語(yǔ)是關(guān)系代詞who, that, which,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞的數(shù)一致。
I, who am your teacher, will teach you everything I know.
24.主語(yǔ)是用作書(shū)名、劇名、報(bào)紙名、國(guó)名等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)形式。 The United States is a developed country.
25.“one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 定語(yǔ)從句”之前有the only, the very, the等限定詞和修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
She is the only one of these women who plays the violin.
26.主語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)代詞who, what, which,不定代詞all, more, most, any, none等以及名詞half, part, the rest等既可表示復(fù)數(shù)意義又可表示單數(shù)意義，其謂語(yǔ)視情況而定。Half of the fruit is bad.
Half of the visitors are from Europe.
27.主語(yǔ)是表示數(shù)量的“one and a half +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”，其謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。主語(yǔ)是“one or two + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”，其謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
One and a half bananas is left on the table.
There are one or two things I‘d like to know about.
28.主語(yǔ) people 作“人們，人民”解時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，作“民族”解時(shí)，有單復(fù)數(shù)之分。 Our people is a great one.
There are 56 peoples in China.
29.主語(yǔ)是a / this / that kind of +名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式，主語(yǔ)指的不是一種而是多種，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。This kind of cloth feels soft. There are different kinds of animals.
30.主語(yǔ)是“each of …”，“neither of …”，“either of …”，“one of …”等時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。
Each of them has his own duty.
31.陳述部分用everybody, everyone, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, no one或 no +復(fù)數(shù)名詞等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，反意部分用they。而陳述部分用everything, something, nothing, anything時(shí)，反意部分代詞則采用單數(shù)，用it。
Somebody is waiting for you, aren’t they?
Everything is all right, isn’t it?
33.用引號(hào)的詞語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)第三人稱。
“I” is the ninth letter of the English Alphabet.
34.在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中如被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是句子的主語(yǔ)，則who或that 后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)應(yīng)和主語(yǔ)一致。
It is Mike who always helps me study maths after class .
35.wish后接賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，如表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，無(wú)論主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞用were。
I wish I were ten years younger.
36.police, cattle等集合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。
The murderer has run away. The police are searching for him.
37.算式中表示數(shù)目的主語(yǔ)通?？醋鲉螖?shù)，其謂語(yǔ)常用單數(shù)形式，也可用復(fù)數(shù)。 Five times four is twenty.
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