2013中考英語備考:基本句型精講

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    暑假過后,新初三生們迎來了初中最重要的一年——初三。為方便2013年中考考生及家長查詢相關(guān)信息,出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)中考頻道特別搜集匯總了中考英語知識點以供參考:
    英語句子是由主語(subject), 謂語動詞(verb),賓語(object), 表語(predicative),狀語(adverbial),賓語補足語(object complement)等成分組成,按照這些成分的組合方式英語句子可分為五種基本句型。
    句型一:主語+不及物動詞
    不及物動詞本身就可以表達完整的意念, 不需要賓語及補語, 但有時可有副詞, 介詞短語等狀語修飾語。
    e.g. The rain stopped .
    The old man walks in the park .
    句型一的擴展:1.主語+不及物動詞+狀語
    e.g. The machine works smoothly. (機器運轉(zhuǎn)正常。)
    2.There +不及物動詞+主語
    e.g. There is some milk in the bottle .
    There comes the bus .
    3. 主語+不及物動詞+ 動詞不定式
    e.g. They stopped to take a short rest . (他們停下來稍作休息)
    特別提醒
    動詞stop 可用作不及物動詞,也可用作及物動詞。作不及物動詞時, 通常后接動詞不定式,表示停下來的目的是做另一件事。作及物動詞時,通常后接動名詞,表示停止做這件事。
    e.g. They stopped taking a rest .
    句型二 :主語+系動詞+表語
    系動詞本身不能表達完整的意念沒,需要形容詞,名詞,介詞短語等來補充說明主語,也叫主語補語。
    e.g. My sister is a nurse .
    I feel quite hungry .
    The ball is under the desk .
    句型三:主語+及物動詞+賓語
    及物動詞本身需要一個動作的接受者(賓語),才可以表達一個完整的意念。
    e.g. We are learning English .
    Do you know him ?
    Your radio needs repairing .
    She hopes to see her uncle.
    句型四:主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語
    有些及物動詞需要兩個賓語才能表達一個完整意念。
    e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt.
    Give me the book, please.
    特別提醒
    A. 在此句型中, 通常是間接賓語(人)在前,直接賓語(物)在后,有時直接賓語和間接賓語可以對調(diào),這時間接賓語前應(yīng)加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。
    e.g. Her mother bought a skirt for her .
    Give the book to me , please .
    直接賓語與間接賓語對調(diào)時,間接賓語前加介詞to的動詞有:
    give(給), tell(告訴) , lend(借給) , sell(賣), teach(教) , send(寄給), write(寫給), show(出示) , return(還給), bring(帶給), pass(遞給), leave(留給), offer(提供), hand(交給)
    間接賓語前加介詞for的動詞有:
    buy(買), choose(選擇), get (弄到), make(做), order(訂購), sing (唱歌), do (做), play(演奏)
    B. 如果直接賓語為人稱代詞那么必須把直接賓放在間接賓語前,且間接賓語前要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。
    e.g. I handed it to our teacher .
    不能說:I handed our teacher it .
    C. 此句型變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,可分為兩種情況。
    e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt .
    a. She was bought a skirt by her mother .
    b. A skirt was bought for her by her mother.
    句型五:主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語
    及物動詞本身需要一個賓語外, 還需要一個名詞,形容詞,副詞, 動詞不定式,分詞來補充說明賓語,才能表達一個完整的意念。
    e.g. We elected Li Yang our monitor.
    The news made us sad.
    She saw the thief steal into the shop .
    The teacher asked me to answer the question .
    I found the man stealing the money .
    I found my money stolen .
    特別提醒
    A. 現(xiàn)在分詞為賓語補足語時,賓語與現(xiàn)在分詞之間是主動關(guān)系;過去分詞為賓語補足語時,賓語與過去分詞之間是被動關(guān)系。
    B. 在let(讓),make(使得),have(請,讓,使得),see(看),hear(聽到),watch(觀看),feel(感覺到),listen to (傾聽),look at (看到),notice(注意到)等動詞后的賓語補足語如果為不定式, 則省掉"to",但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時, 則要帶"to".
    e.g. We hear her sing next door.
    She is heard to sing next door .
    C. 此句型變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,只有一種情況。
    e.g. They saw him steal the old man's money.
    He was seen to steal the old man's money
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