【考點聚焦】主謂一致是初中階段的重要語法項目之一，從近年來中考的試題來看，對主謂一致的考查主要集中在以下內容：
1、以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動詞不定式短語作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù);主語為復數(shù)時，謂語用復數(shù)。
2、由and或both……and連接的并列成分作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。
但并列主語如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如：
The poet and writer has come.
3、由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語之前如果分別由each, every, no修飾時，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如：
In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
4、主語是單數(shù)時，盡管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with ，as well as ，together with along with，like 等引導的介詞短語時 ，謂語動詞與前面的主語一致。例如：
The women with two children is my aunt .
注意：主語和謂語之間插入了分詞短語，謂語要與主語保持一致。
Mr Smith , followed by his wife and three children , has just arrived.
5、一些只有復數(shù)形式的名詞，如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主語時，謂語動詞要用復數(shù)。
6、集體名詞family, class, team, group 等看作整體時，謂語動詞用單數(shù);看作每一個成員時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。
7、 當表示國家，城市，人名，書名，報紙，雜志，及組織機構等的專有名詞做主語時，作為整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
The New York Times is reading all over the United States . 《紐約時報》
8、 news ，maths，physics ，politics等詞貌似復數(shù)，實為單數(shù)，其謂語動詞用單數(shù).
9、“the +形容詞”(如the poor ，the rich ，the young， the old ， the dead ，the sick，the brave 等)作主語，謂語動詞往往用復數(shù)
10、由each, some, any, no, every 構成的復合代詞作主語時，謂語動詞都用單數(shù)。
11、有兩部分構成的物體的名詞，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。
注意：如果這類名詞前用了a pair of等，則謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式往往取決于pair的單復數(shù)形式。例如：Here are some new pairs of shoes.
My new pair of socks is on the bed.
12、表時間、距離、價格、度量衡等的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)
13、不定代詞由all, most, more, some, any, none作主語時，也要依這些代詞表示的意義來決定謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式。如果代詞代表復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用復數(shù);如果代詞代表單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
All of the work has been finished.
All of the people have gone.
14、疑問代詞作主語時，其謂語動詞也有兩種情況：主語表示復數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用復數(shù);主語表示單數(shù)意義，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
Who is your brother?
Who are League members?
15、分數(shù)(百分數(shù))+of +名詞做主語時，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)取決于of后面的名詞的數(shù)。 但要注意population 一詞，用作整體時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，用其部分做主語時，謂語動詞形式用復數(shù)。
Part of the work has been done by us .
Ten percent of the apples were bad .
The population of China is 13.6 billion and 70%of the population are peasants .
16、half, the rest等表示不定數(shù)量的名詞作主語時，如果所指為復數(shù)意義，動詞用復數(shù);如果所指為單數(shù)意義，動詞用單數(shù)。例如：
17、由what 引出的從句作主語時，通常謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。但如果所指內容為復數(shù)意義時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。
18、由連詞not……but……, or, either……or, neither……nor, not only…but also,等連接的并列主語，如果一個是單數(shù)，一個是復數(shù)，則謂語動詞按就近一致原則，與最靠近它的主語一致。
19、There be句型、以here開頭的句子謂語動詞和靠近的主語一致。
20、a number of后面加復數(shù)名詞或代詞，其動詞用復數(shù)形式;但the number of后面加復數(shù)名詞或代詞時，其謂語用單數(shù)。
21、“one or two +復數(shù)名詞”做主語,謂語動詞用復數(shù)。
22、 many a +單數(shù)名詞 (許多……) ; more than one +單數(shù)名詞(不止一……)作主語，盡管意思是復數(shù)，但謂語動詞還是用單數(shù)。注意： “more than +基數(shù)詞+復數(shù)名詞”結構或“more +復數(shù)名詞+ than one做主語時，謂語用復數(shù)。
Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.
More than twenty students are playing football on the playground.
More members than one are against your plan.
23、this kind of book=a book of this kind(這種書)，作主語，謂語用單數(shù);this kind of men=men of this kind=these kind of men(這類人，口語中用)，但this kind of men的謂語用單數(shù)，men of this kind=these kind of men的謂語用復數(shù)。all kinds of后跟復數(shù)名詞，謂語用復數(shù)。
This kind of men is dangerous.
Men of this kind are dangerous.
24、在定語從句中主語是關系代詞who , that , which , 謂語動詞的數(shù)應與先行詞的數(shù)一致。
注意：在“one of +復數(shù)名詞+ who/that/which”引導的定語從句中，從句謂語的單復數(shù)取決 于one前是否有the (only)、the very。如果有，從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)，如沒有the only， 就用復數(shù)形式。
This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.
He was the only one of the students who was late for school.
【技巧點撥】中考主謂一致方面的考題主要考知識的記憶情況。考查主謂一致的常見題型有單項選擇，完型填空，翻譯句子，單句改錯，短文改錯、同義句轉換，時態(tài)填空等。做這類題時，必須找出句子的真正主語，然后根據記憶的知識作出判斷。同時，要遵循三個原則：語法一致、意義一致和就近原則。
【考例剖析】
例 1：Each of the students______ a dictionary.(2004資陽)
A. have B. is C. are D. has
剖析：此題意思是“每個學生都有一本字典”，所以先排除B、C 。句中of students作each的定語，真正的主語是each，故又排除A 。
答案：D
例 2： How time flies! Ten years ________ passed. (2004天津)
A. have B. has C. is D. are
剖析：Ten years通常被看作是一個時間整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
答案：B
例 3： Not only his parents but also his brother ________to the Summer Palace. They haven’t been back. (2004南通)
A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone
剖析：由not only…but also連接兩個并列主語，其謂語動詞根據就近原則同相鄰的主語保持一致，謂語動詞應用單數(shù)形式。又因為他們還都沒有回來，所以用has gone而不用has been。
答案：D
例 4：Look! There _______ playing with the tourists on Dahe Square.(2004包頭)
A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deers
C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers
剖析：句子的主語a number of deer。當a number of + 名詞作主語時，謂語用復數(shù)。因此首先排除C、D，而deer單復數(shù)相同，所以B也不正確。
答案：A
例 5：The Smiths ______ sending e-mails _______ letters.because it is faster.(2005云南)
A.prefer, to writing B.prefer，to write
C.prefers，to writing D.prefers，to write
剖析：姓氏名詞用復數(shù)且前面加上定冠詞時，表示一家人或一對夫婦。作主語時，謂語用復數(shù)。再如：The zhous live upstairs.(姓周的那家住在樓上)。此題答案應在A、B中選，而短語prefer… to…中的to是一個介詞，故又排除B。
答案：A
例 6：Everyone except Bill and Jim ______there when the meeting began.(2005黑龍江)
A. was B. is C. are D. were
剖析：根據主、從復合句時態(tài)一般要一致的原則，本題首先可排除B、C，而主句主語含有except等時，其謂語的單復數(shù)取決于except前邊的名詞的單復數(shù)，所以D答案也不正確。
答案：A
例 7：Either Jane or Steven _____ watching TV now.(2005重慶)
A.were B.is C.are D. was
剖析：根據就近原則，應排除A、C，而題中單詞now表明現(xiàn)在，所以D也不正確。
答案：B
例 8：Since 2000, Nanchang has become a new city. Everything ______.(2005江西)
A. are changed B. was changed C. has changed D. had changed
剖析：根據“不定代詞作主語，謂語往往用單數(shù)”這一點，首先可以排除A答案。又由于change屬于不可數(shù)名詞，它沒有被動語態(tài)，所以B也不正確。由since引出的一個含具體過去時間的句子，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時。
答案：C
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