反意疑問句是附加在陳述句之后、對(duì)所陳述的事實(shí)或觀點(diǎn)提出疑問的一種簡(jiǎn)短句。使用這一句型時(shí)應(yīng)遵循“前肯后否”或“前否后肯”的原則。
1.當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是everyone, someone, nobody, each等表示人的不定代詞時(shí)，附加問句的主語用they。如：
Each of the students went there, didn’t he?/didn’t they?
2.當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是everything, anything, something, nothing等表示物的不定代詞時(shí)，附加問句的主語用it。如：
Something has gone wrong, hasn’t it?
3.當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是指示代詞this, that或these, those時(shí)，附加問句的主語應(yīng)分別用it 或they。如：
This is the third time this week that he has had to study late, isn’t it?
Those are the presents for the children, aren’t they?
4.當(dāng)陳述部分的主語為短語或句子時(shí)，附加問句的主語用it。如：
Learning how to repair motors takes a long time, doesn’t it?
5.當(dāng)陳述部分如果是there be 結(jié)構(gòu)或是there live, there used to be, there seem等結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，附加問句仍用there，謂語則采用與陳述部分謂語相對(duì)應(yīng)的助動(dòng)詞。如：
There is something wrong with the car, isn’t there?
6.當(dāng)陳述部分是祈使句時(shí)，反意疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu)有以下三種：
(1)當(dāng)陳述部分是否定的祈使句時(shí)，問句部分可用will you，有時(shí)也可用can you。如：
Don’t make a noise, will you? /can you?
(2)當(dāng)陳述部分為肯定的祈使句時(shí)，問句部分可用will you，也可用won’t you。如：
Try it on, will you? /won’t you?
(3)當(dāng)遇到以Let’s 開頭的祈使句時(shí)，問句部分可用shall we;當(dāng)遇到以Let us或Let me等開頭的祈使句時(shí)，問句部分一般要用will you。如：
Let’s go skating, shall we?
Let me/him try it again, will you?
7.當(dāng)陳述句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句時(shí)，附加問句的主謂語形式應(yīng)與主句保持一致。如：
You don’t know when the building will be completed, do you?
8.當(dāng)陳述部分是I/We don’t think (suppose, believe, expect, imaging 等) +賓語從句結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，附加問句的主謂語要與賓語從句保持一致，而且要注意陳述句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移現(xiàn)象。如：
I don’t think the plan is perfect, is it?
We suppose you know it, don’t you?
9.當(dāng)陳述句中含有no, nothing, nobody, never, hardly, seldom, few, little 等否定詞時(shí)，附加問句一般采用肯定形式;當(dāng)陳述部分使用了帶否定詞綴(前綴或后綴)的詞時(shí)，附加問句則可采用否定式。如：
You dislike coffee, don’t you?
He saw nobody, did he?
There are few people in the room, are there?
10.當(dāng)陳述部分是并列句時(shí)，問句部分應(yīng)與最鄰近的分句的主謂語保持一致。如：
He is a teacher but his wife is an engineer, isn’t she?
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