很多學(xué)生覺(jué)得英語(yǔ)難學(xué),但事實(shí)上,英語(yǔ)和其他學(xué)科區(qū)別不大,知識(shí)點(diǎn)都完全出在書(shū)中。只要肯下工夫,一定會(huì)把英語(yǔ)學(xué)好,至少英語(yǔ)成績(jī)不會(huì)被別人落下太多。通過(guò)今年的初三期末考試可以看出來(lái),學(xué)生們存在的最主要的問(wèn)題還是對(duì)教材不夠熟悉。比如,今年的完形填空題出自教科書(shū)中的原文,但是5個(gè)填空部分很多學(xué)生都沒(méi)有完全答對(duì)。其實(shí),現(xiàn)在考試的趨勢(shì)越來(lái)越回歸教材,所以學(xué)生們一定要對(duì)教材非常熟悉。英語(yǔ)考試中的作文雖然不像語(yǔ)文作文那樣占分比例很大,但這仍是一個(gè)重點(diǎn)。此次考試,學(xué)生們的作文情況也不是很理想。原因是學(xué)生們平時(shí)不愿意動(dòng)筆。其實(shí),只要對(duì)教材熟悉,寫(xiě)作的問(wèn)題就不大。教材中的每個(gè)模塊的第二、三單元都是一個(gè)主題,這個(gè)主題會(huì)告知寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容。中考時(shí)的寫(xiě)作范圍也不會(huì)脫離這些主題,肯定會(huì)是書(shū)中提到過(guò)的,所以,學(xué)生們要根據(jù)這些主題主動(dòng)練習(xí)寫(xiě)作。
寒假期間的復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)可根據(jù)個(gè)人情況而定,但以下兩方面不得忽視:1、完形填空和閱讀每天要做四五篇。英語(yǔ)考試中完形填空和閱讀所占分?jǐn)?shù)非常大,這是一個(gè)容易得分的部分。所以,學(xué)生們?cè)诩倨诿刻於家WC閱讀數(shù)量。英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)感很重要,如果長(zhǎng)時(shí)間不做閱讀,再次復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)會(huì)費(fèi)很多力氣。2、初一到初三教材“過(guò)”一遍。復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的最好方式就是熟讀教材,因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)教材中幾乎涵蓋了所有知識(shí)點(diǎn)。寒假期間,初一到初三年級(jí)的全部英語(yǔ)單詞要復(fù)習(xí)一遍,課文要通讀一遍,要保證英譯漢和漢譯英都沒(méi)有問(wèn)題,這樣會(huì)給開(kāi)學(xué)后進(jìn)入總復(fù)習(xí)提供很多幫助。
介 詞
1、重要注釋:
⑴ this / that / these / those / last / next / a / every / each等詞構(gòu)成的時(shí)間短語(yǔ),前面不用任何
介詞。如:(每年都有國(guó)外的游客來(lái)游覽平窯鎮(zhèn))/ He had a bad cold that week.(那個(gè)星期他患重感冒)
⑵ for有時(shí)用來(lái)引出動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ),常翻譯成“對(duì)于…而言”。如:It’s too hard for
(讓我在區(qū)區(qū)一個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作太難了)/ .(房子夠大的可以容10個(gè)人住)
⑶ of有時(shí)用來(lái)表示后面的人物正好是前面的表語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)。如:It’s very nice/kind of
.(你這么做真是太好了)
⑷ 介詞有時(shí)會(huì)與它的賓語(yǔ)分離,而且賓語(yǔ)前置。 ① 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)。Who are you talking about?(你們?cè)谡務(wù)撜l(shuí)?) ② 賓語(yǔ)在從句中當(dāng)連接詞時(shí)。He has a younger brother who he must take good care (他有 一個(gè)需要他照顧的小弟。) / Do you know teacher is talking over there?(你知道我們的老師在那邊和什么人談話嗎?) ③ 動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)且該動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞,后面有介詞。I finally found a chair to (我 最終找到了一張椅子坐。)
(5) 記住一些固定詞組:arrive at/in(到達(dá)…),on foot(步行),not…at all(根本不),to the north
of(在…以北),in the east of(在…的東部),in the night(在夜間),at night(在晚上),be afraid of(害怕…),be full of(充滿/ 裝滿….),be filled with(充滿/ 裝滿….),be good/bad for(對(duì)…有益/有害),be made of(由…做成),be made from(由…制造),play with(玩?!?,look out of(朝…外面看),at the end of(在…末梢/結(jié)束時(shí)),by the end of(不遲于…/到…末為止),with the help of或with one’s help(在…的幫助下),look after(照料…),look for(尋找…),on a bike(=by bike)騎車(chē), help sb. with(幫某人做…),get on (well) with(與某人相處[融洽]),等等。
【考例】
-When did Hong Kong return to our motherland? 一____July 1st,1997.[福州市] A. On B In C At D For A本題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可以放在表示時(shí)間的單詞(組)前面,in,on,at往往在時(shí)間點(diǎn)的前面,for往往引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間段。1997年7月1日是一個(gè)具體的時(shí)間,在具體到某一天,用介詞on。 I'd like a cup of coffee __________some sugar and milk. [廣東省] A. in B. to C. of D. with
DA選項(xiàng)介詞in,表示“在……里面”;B選項(xiàng)介詞to表方向,意為“到,向”;
C項(xiàng)of表“所屬關(guān)系”,意為“……的”;D項(xiàng)介詞with作“帶有;用_力口”等講。由句意“我想要一杯加糖和牛奶的咖啡?!笨芍?,選項(xiàng)D正確。 --Oh, so many people in the amusement park!
-- Nobody likes to stay at home __ Sunday morning. [太原市] A. in B. on C. at
B此題考查介詞的用法。三個(gè)選擇都可以用來(lái)表示時(shí)間,at多用于具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)前,在上、下午及晚上常用介詞in,但具體到某一天的上、下午要用介詞on。
2、某些介詞的用法辨析:
⑴in、on、at的用法區(qū)別:表示時(shí)間時(shí), in表示在一段時(shí)間里(在將來(lái)時(shí)句子中則表示在一段
時(shí)間之后), on表示在具體的某一天或者某天的上下午等, at表示在某個(gè)時(shí)刻或者瞬間; 表示地點(diǎn)時(shí), in表示在某個(gè)范圍之內(nèi), on表示在某個(gè)平面上或與一個(gè)面相接觸,at則表示在某個(gè)具體的場(chǎng)所或地點(diǎn)。如:He was born on the morning of May 10th.(他出生于五月十日的早晨)/ I usually get up at 7:00 in the morning.(我通常在早上的七點(diǎn)鐘起床) / (他的眼鏡就架在他的鼻子上).(此刻他正在電影院)
⑵ after與in表示時(shí)間的用法區(qū)別:“after+(具體時(shí)刻/從句)”表示“在…時(shí)刻之后”常用于一
般時(shí)態(tài);“in+(一段時(shí)間)”表示“在(多久)之后”,常用于將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。如:He said that he (他說(shuō)他六點(diǎn)鐘之后會(huì)來(lái)這兒)/ My father is coming back from England in about a month.(我父親大約一個(gè)月以后從英國(guó)回來(lái))
⑶ since與for表示時(shí)間的用法區(qū)別:“since+(具體時(shí)刻/that-從句)”表示“自從…起一直到現(xiàn)
在”,“for +(一段斶間)”表示“總共有…之久”,都常用于完成時(shí)態(tài);如:Uncle Li has worked in this factory since 1970.(李叔叔自從1970年起就在這家工廠工作了)/ Uncle Li 李叔叔在這家工廠已經(jīng)工作了30多年)
⑷ by、in與with表示方式的用法區(qū)別:都可以表示“工具、手段”,但是by主要表示“乘坐”
某個(gè)交通工具或“以……方式”,在被動(dòng)句中可以表示動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者;in表示“使用”某種語(yǔ)言/文字,with表示“使用”某個(gè)具體的工具、手段。如:We see with our eyes and walk (我們用眼睛看東西,用雙腳走路)/ Please write that article(文章) (請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)那篇文章)/ Let’s go to the zoo 我們打的去動(dòng)物園吧。)/ It 那是老舍寫(xiě)的)
⑸ about與on的用法區(qū)別:都可以表示“有關(guān)…”,但是about的意義比較廣,而on主要表示
“有關(guān)…(專題/課程)”。如:(湯姆要作一個(gè)美國(guó)歷史的報(bào)告)/ They are very excited talking about the coming field trip.(他們興致勃勃地談?wù)撝磳?lái)到的野外旅游)
⑹ through與across、over的用法區(qū)別: through指“穿過(guò)…(門(mén)洞/人群/樹(shù)林)”; across和
over可以指“跨越…(街道/河流)”,可互換,但是表示“翻過(guò)…”時(shí)只能用over. 如:Just then a rat (鼠)(就在那時(shí)一只老鼠跑過(guò)路面)(河上有座橋)/ They climbed and arrived there ahead of time.(他們翻過(guò)大山提前到達(dá)了那里)/ The visitors into another park.(參觀者們穿過(guò)一個(gè)大門(mén)來(lái)到另一個(gè)公園)
(7)as與like的區(qū)別:兩個(gè)詞都表示“像……”,但是as譯為“作為……”,表示的是職業(yè)、職務(wù)、
作用等事實(shí),而like譯為“像……一樣”,表示外表,不是事實(shí)。如:Let me speak to you as a father.(我以父親的身份和你講話。)(說(shuō)話者是聽(tīng)者的父親) / Let me speak to you a father.(讓我像一位父親一樣和你講話)(說(shuō)話者不是聽(tīng)者的父親)
(8)at the end of、by the end of、to the end、in the end的用法區(qū)別:at the end of…既可以表
示時(shí)間也可以表示地點(diǎn),譯為“在…末;在…盡頭”,常與過(guò)去時(shí)連用;by the end of…只能表示時(shí)間,譯為“在…前;到…為止”,常用于過(guò)去完成時(shí); in the end與at last基本等義,表示“終于、最后”,通常用于過(guò)去時(shí);to the end譯為“到…的終點(diǎn)為止”,前面往往有表示運(yùn)動(dòng)或連續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞。如:By the end of last term we had learned 16 units of Book III.(到上學(xué)期期末我們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了第三冊(cè)16個(gè)單元)a big white house with brown windows.(在路的盡頭你能找到一幢有棕色窗戶的白房子)/ They left for Beijing (上周末他們動(dòng)身去了北京)/ he succeeded in the final exams.(他最終在期末考試中考及格了)(我們應(yīng)該把工作干到底)
post office.(沿這條路走到底就能看見(jiàn)一家郵電局)
(9)for a moment、for the moment、in a moment、at the moment的區(qū)別:for a moment“一會(huì)
兒、片刻”(=for a while),常與持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用;for the moment“暫時(shí)、目前”,常用于現(xiàn)在時(shí);in a moment“一會(huì)兒、立即、馬上”(=soon; in a few minutes),一般用于將來(lái)時(shí);at the moment“此刻,眼下”(=now),用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如:Please wait (請(qǐng)稍等)/ Let’s leave things as they are for the moment.(暫時(shí)就維持現(xiàn)狀吧!) / I’ll come back (我過(guò)會(huì)兒回來(lái))眼下我很忙)
(10)but的問(wèn)題:用介詞but引出另一個(gè)動(dòng)詞時(shí),要注意:如果前面有do,后面就用原形動(dòng)詞,
前面沒(méi)有do時(shí),后面的動(dòng)詞要加to。如:I could do nothing but wait.(我什么也做不了只能等) / They had no choice(選擇) but to fight.(他們沒(méi)有選擇只有戰(zhàn)斗)
(11)in front of 與in the front of: in front of“在…的前面”, 與in the front of“在…的前部”。
如:A car was parking in front of the hall.(大廳跟前停著一輛汽車(chē))/ In the front of the hall stood a big desk.(大廳前部立著一個(gè)大講臺(tái))
(12)except與besides的區(qū)別:except“除了”,表示排除掉某人物,即不包含;而besides“除了”
則表示包含,即“不僅……又……”。如:Everyone went to the Palace Museum except 除了Tom,大家都去了故宮博物院)(Tom沒(méi)有去故宮)/ he also studied many other subjects.(除了漢語(yǔ)之外,他還學(xué)其他許多功課)(“漢語(yǔ)”也是他學(xué)的功課之一) 【考例】
The moon light is coming in _________ the window and the room seems quiet and beautiful. [成都市]
A, across B. through C. over
B across表示橫過(guò),從一邊到另一邊,through從內(nèi)部穿過(guò),over表示從物體表面通過(guò)。“月光透過(guò)窗子射進(jìn)來(lái)……”故不能選A。
Be careful when you come _______ the street, because the traffic is very busy at the moment. (年山東濟(jì)寧)
A. across B. behind C. between D. over
【剖析】 答案為A。本題考察方位介詞的用法?!斑^(guò)馬路”一般為表面橫穿,因此要用across。 --Look, a blind man is in the middle of the street, It's too dangerous. --Let's go and help him _________the road. [河南省] A. through B. along C. across D. over
C橫穿馬路要用across表示“從一邊到另一邊”而不用through,through用于穿過(guò)森林等。 【考例】You must always be careful _________ electricity.It’s dangerous.[沈陽(yáng)市] A. to B at C for D.with
D.be careful with(of/about)…對(duì)……注意(警惕),句意為“你必須時(shí)刻注意用電,那很危險(xiǎn)?!?Boys and girls, wish you to do well in the English exam __ a light heart. Good luck to every-one! [哈爾濱市]
A. on B. with C. without
B考查介詞用法。with a light heart以一種輕松的心態(tài)(with表伴隨)。with是中考的重要考點(diǎn),有如下幾種用法:①有,帶著②表方式或工具,write with a pen用鋼筆書(shū)寫(xiě)③表伴隨a house with a big garden帶有大花園的房子。
Mary bought a house ________a small garden. She will move in next week. [昆明市] A. from B. with C. for D. of
B本題由句意人手破解,瑪麗買(mǎi)了一處“帶有”花園的房子,這兒可用介詞with,意為“具有;帶有”,所以B項(xiàng)正確。
一I hear you have got a ticket ___________the 0pening Ceremony of the Beijing Olympics. 一Yes.I got it __________my uncle.[黃岡市] A. of;from B to.by C to;from D.for;to
C考查介詞的用法。本題易錯(cuò)選項(xiàng)為A…….的答案/鑰匙/票,都要用to,而不能用of。故不能選A。
It was a great day but We did not enjoy it____ the beginning.[蘇州] A.on B.for C.with D.at 答案:D解析:此處考查固定短語(yǔ)“在……開(kāi)始時(shí)”,用介詞at,故選D。
It is important ____us students to make a plan ____our studies before a new term starts.[·連云港) A.for;for B.of:for C.to;of D.with:on 答案:A解析:此題考查介詞for的用法,第一空It is important for sb.to do sth.;第二空f(shuō)or our studies為我們的學(xué)習(xí),表目的。
It's necessary for us to take one hour's exercise every day. I agree _________you. [吉林省] A. at B. to C. on D. with
D agree with sb同意某人的觀點(diǎn)。注意agree with與agree to的區(qū)別。agree with +sb“同意某人的觀點(diǎn)”;agree to+動(dòng)詞原形“同意干某事”。 一How are you going to the Summer Palace?
一We're going there _____________bike.[北京市] A for B at C of D.by
D考查短語(yǔ)by bike"騎自行車(chē)”。要注意區(qū)分:take a bike to+某地一go to+某地+by bike。 [ 連云港]
This ____woman has devoted all her life____ caring for the poor. A.modest;with B.kind; to C.selfish;for D.unfair;at
答案:B解析:第一空意為“這位善良的婦女”,故選kind,第二空,devote…to…指獻(xiàn)身于……,to后跟動(dòng)名詞或名詞,故本題選B。
【語(yǔ)法過(guò)關(guān)】
1.China lies______ the east of Asia and______ the north of Australia, A. to; to B. in; to C to; in D. in; on 2.His son suddenly returned________ a cold rainy night. A. on B. at C. in D. for
3.Timmy goes to school __________ every day . It's 5 minutes' walk from his home to school. A. in a bus B. by plane C. on foot D. by boat 4. Last month , students had to have their lessons by Internet ________ because of SARS. A. on the playground B. at home C. in the street D. near the hospital 5.Today some newly-produced mobile phones can take pictures __________ a camera. A. as B. for C. like D. of
6. Some shops open_______ 10:00 a. m. and 3 : 30 p. m, during the Spring Festival holidays. A. at B. between C. from D. about 7. --- How are you going to the train station to meet your aunt? --- I'm going there ________ my car. A. by B. in C. to D. on 8.Luckily, the bullet narrowly missed the captain ____an inch. A. by B. at C. to D. from
9.The home improvements have taken what little there is _________my spare time. A. from B. in C. of D. at
10.They had a pleasant chat ____a cup of coffee.(北京) A. for B. with C. during D. over 【參考答案】
1.B 表示在一個(gè)大的范圍內(nèi)用"in",范圍之外用"to"。 2.A 具體到某一天的時(shí)間用"on"。
3.C 5 minutes' walk決定去學(xué)校的方式是on foot。
4.B 語(yǔ)境中"by Internet"和 "because of SARS"決定了"have their lessons --- at home "。 5.C like在這里意思是"像------"。
6. B between 后接兩個(gè)并列的成分,意思是"在兩者之間"。 7. B in my car = by car。
8. A。與數(shù)量連用可表示尺寸、距離等。依句意:幸運(yùn)的是,子彈在距離上尉一英寸的地方與他擦肩而過(guò),沒(méi)有射中他。故應(yīng)選A。
9. C。what引導(dǎo)的從句作謂語(yǔ)have taken的賓語(yǔ),而從句中的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為 “there is little of…”, 表示“……有很少”what 修飾little提到了從句句首。正確答案為C。
10.D.用作介詞表示時(shí)間時(shí),可作“在(做)……時(shí)(while doing, eating, etc)”。故正確答案為。其句意為:他們?cè)诤瓤Х葧r(shí)進(jìn)行了一次愉快的談話。
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