一、how long, how soon, how often的比較
how long是問(wèn)某個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)了多久,用“(for+)時(shí)間段”來(lái)回答; how soon是問(wèn)某個(gè)動(dòng)詞要過(guò)多久之后才發(fā)生或結(jié)束,用“in+時(shí)間段”來(lái)回答;how often是問(wèn)某個(gè)動(dòng)作每隔多久發(fā)生一次,或者一個(gè)單位時(shí)間里發(fā)生次數(shù)的多少,用“次數(shù)(如once, twice)+單位時(shí)間(如a day, a month)”或usually, sometimes等來(lái)回答。如:
How ________ can you finish the drawing? (全國(guó)卷)
A. often B. soon
C. long D. rapid
【分析】答案選B。句意是:過(guò)多久以后你才能畫(huà)完?
二、no longer / more, not any…longer / more的比較
表示時(shí)間上的“不再”,no more通常放在句末,且一般只與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞go, come, see, return等連用,一般不用于系表結(jié)構(gòu)中;no longer(一般位于行為動(dòng)詞之前或者be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞之后)和更口語(yǔ)化的not…any longer / more既可與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用也可與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用。如:
1. —Will you give this message to Mr White, please?
—Sorry, I can’t. He ________. (全國(guó)卷)
A. doesn’t any more work here B. doesn’t any longer her work
C. doesn’t work any more here D. doesn’t work here any longer
【分析】答案選D。any longer / more要位于句末。
2. —Excuse me, is this Mr Brown’s office?
—I’m sorry, but Mr Brown ________ works here. He left about three months ago. (全國(guó)卷)
A. not now B. no more
C. not still D. no longer
【分析】答案選D。在行為動(dòng)詞前要用no longer。
注:①涉及到數(shù)量時(shí)用no more。如:There is no more bread on the plate. (盤(pán)子里沒(méi)有面包了。)?、趎o more還可表示“也不”,相當(dāng)于neither或nor。如:He couldn’t lift the table and no more could I. 他拿不動(dòng)那張桌子,我也拿不動(dòng)。
三、fairly, quite, rather, pretty的比較
rather一般表示不合意,有時(shí)也可表示合意的;fairly表示令人滿(mǎn)意的;pretty與very意思接近,可表示合意或不合意。值得注意的是:
1. 與too或比較級(jí)連用只能用rather,如rather colder(有點(diǎn)冷), rather too large(稍大一點(diǎn)),但quite better(好多了)是個(gè)例外;
2. quite和rather可位于冠詞前,其它兩個(gè)則不能;
3. 表示“完全,十分(=completely)”時(shí)要用quite。如quite agree(完全同意),但不說(shuō)quite disagree。
四、much too, too much的比較
much too就是too的強(qiáng)勢(shì)語(yǔ),用來(lái)修飾形容詞或副詞,意為“太…”;too much就是much的強(qiáng)勢(shì)語(yǔ),用來(lái)修飾不可數(shù)名詞或動(dòng)詞(后面不接任何詞),意為“太多(…)”。如:
1. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was ________ to carry all the way home. (全國(guó)卷)
A. much too heavy B. too much heavy
C. heavy too much D. too heavy much
【分析】答案選A。heavy是形容詞,應(yīng)用副詞too來(lái)修飾,而much too就是too的強(qiáng)勢(shì)語(yǔ)。
2. It was ________ late to catch a bus after the party, therefore we called a taxi. (上海卷)
A. too very B. much too
C. too much D. far
【分析】答案選B。late是形容詞,用much too修飾。
五、nearly, almost的比較
在肯定句中或者don’t, doesn’t, didn’t之前,兩者可互換,只是almost = very nearly。但是:
1. 在not, very, pretty之后用nearly,不用almost。(from www.nmet168.com)
2. 在no, no one, none, nobody, nothing, nowhere, never, any, too, impossible, think, believe, wish等前面用almost,而不用nearly。若是做選擇題,只要記住在not, very, pretty之后用nearly外,一般選almost。如:
There isn’t nearly enough time to learn all these words. 把這些詞都學(xué)會(huì),是間遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠。
Almost no one believes her. 幾乎沒(méi)有人相信她。
六、so, that, such的比較
so是副詞,后面一定是接形容詞或副詞;在口語(yǔ)中,常用that來(lái)代替so;such是形容詞,后接“(形容詞+)名詞”,但在名詞有表示“多”“少”的many, much, little, few時(shí),要用so。如:
1. Can you believe that in ________ a rich country there should be ________ many poor people? (全國(guó)卷)
A. such; such B. such, so
C. so; so D. so; such
【分析】答案選B。名詞前用形容詞such,such a rich country =so rich a country;在many前要用so。
2. Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasn’t always ________ much to do. (廣東卷)
A. such B. that
C. more D. very
【分析】答案選B。much前用so, 不用such??谡Z(yǔ)中,常用that來(lái)代替so。
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