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短文改寫填空型閱讀理解實例分析
實例訓練
Robert is fifteen now. Two and a half years ago he came to the city and began to study in a middle school. He studies hard and gets on well with his classmates. And he often helps his friends with their lessons. But as he comes from a village, the headmaster
who was born in a rich family is bad to him and does his best to make excuses to punish him. The boy knows it and takes precautions against(提防) it.
One afternoon all the students went to have lunch and he bought a piece of bread. He was reading a book under a big tree, while a dog was standing near him. At that moment the headmaster came out and saw it. He became angry and said, “Don?t you know we don?t let anybody rear (飼養(yǎng)) dogs in the school?”
“Yes, I do, sir. ”said the boy.
“Why have you brought your dog to school, then?” “It isn?t my dog. ”
“Why is it following you, then?”
“You?re following me now, sir. ” said the boy, “Can you say you are mine?” 請根據(jù)以上短文在改寫后短文的空白處填入適當?shù)脑~，使其完整。
Robert is fifteen. He is in Grade _______(1) now. He studies hard and his classmates are _______(2) to him. And he often helps his friends to _______(3) their lessons. But as he was _______(4) in a farmer family, the headmaster from a _______(5) family is bad to him and does_______(6) he can to punish him.
One day in the _______(7), all the students went _______(8) lunch and he bought a piece of bread, reading a book under a tree. At the moment a dog was standing near him. _______(9) the headmaster saw this, he wanted to_______(10) him. But he failed that day again.
二、答題分析
第一步：快讀全文，掌握大意。通讀原文我們知道。文章講敘了Robert 和校長的一些情況，Robert 是一個初中學生，他出生于貧困之家，但學習努力與同學相處融洽。校長出生于富貴家庭對Robert很不友好，總是想盡辦法懲罰他, Robert時刻小心提防他。一天下午校長又想趁機懲罰他，但未能得逞。
第二步：細讀改寫，尋找異同。如原文中說Two and half years ago he came to the city and began to study in a middle school. 而改寫中卻是He is in Grade_______(1) now. 由原文中的Two and half years ago 可知第(1)空要填Three. 原文中說He studies hard and gets on well with his classmates, 而改寫中卻是He studies hard and his classmates are _______(2) to him. 由于“他與同學相處融洽”那么“他的同學一定是對他很友好了”。因此第二空填kind或friendly。第3空是一個典型的同義句改寫，即help sb. with sth. 與help sb. to do sth. 的轉(zhuǎn)換。
第三步：字斟句酌，各個擊破。比如第4, 5, 7空與原文幾乎沒多大差別可先填好(4) born, (5) rich, (7) afternoon。對于與原文有較大差異的空，則需要字斟句酌，細仔推敲了。我們要在對比改寫文中的句子與原文句子差別的前提下，推測改寫文中的句子所要表達的意思，然后根據(jù)我們所學的知識推出所要填寫的單詞。如：
原文中的and does his best to make excuses to punish him 正是改寫文中and does _______(6) he can to punish him 要表達的意思。這里does后面是一個賓語從句，而從句缺少引導詞，因此填入what正合適。這一空較難因為can后面省去了動詞原形do。這句話意為“并且做他所能做的事情來懲罰他”。
而原文中的…all the students went to have lunch 與改寫文中的all the students went _______(8) lunch. went to have lunch 與went for lunch 同義。故第8空填for。
改寫中的_______(9) the headmaster saw this, he wanted to _______(10) him. But he failed that day again. 是對原文第二段后面部分的概括，通過比較我們知道改寫中要表達的意思是“當校長看見那種情況時，他想懲罰他，但那一天他又失敗了”。因此第9空填，when第10空填punish。
第四步：復讀改寫，糾正失誤。如：第1空應大寫首字母，很多考生可能會忽略這一點。
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