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“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配講解
"It" 用法及其句型和固定搭配，是高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)，又是近幾年高考的熱點(diǎn)，因此應(yīng)給予充分的重視，現(xiàn)將it用法歸納如下：
一、It用作實(shí)詞
表達(dá)以下概念:指代前文提到的事物，前文中的this, that;替代前文中的內(nèi)容;指代一位性別不明的小孩或未知的人;指代未指明但談話雙方都知道的那件事;指代時(shí)間、天氣、氣候、距離等自然現(xiàn)象??
二、It用作形式主語(yǔ)
替代作主語(yǔ)的從句、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞，而把真正作主語(yǔ)的從句、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞置于句尾。 It 作形式主語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)句型：
1. 代作主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式，其句型為
(1) It be adj. (for sb.) to do sth.
此處adj. 通常為描述事件的形容詞：easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, right, wrong, important, unimportant, legal, illegal,
well-mannered, ill-mannered, polite, impolite, clear, obvious, certain, suitable, proper, fit, useful, useless, dangerous?
例 It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license.
(2) It be adj. of sb. to do sth.
此處adj. 通常為描述人的形容詞：kind, unkind, nice, rude, cruel, considerate, thoughtful, thoughtless, careful, careless, silly, foolish, stupid, clever, wise, crazy.
例 It's kind of you to help me with the problem.
(3) It替代作主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞的常見(jiàn)句型
It's no good/use doing?
It's (well)worth doing?
It's (well)worth one's while doing/to do?
It's (well)worth while doing/ to do
例 It's no use crying over spilt milk.
2. It替代作主語(yǔ)的從句常見(jiàn)句型
(1) It is + noun +從句
例 It is no secret that the president wants to have a second term at office.
(2) It is adj. +clause
It's surprising that? (should)???竟然??
It's a pity/shame that?(should)???竟然??
例 It's important that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.(=It's of much importance that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.)
(3) It verb sb. + clause= It is v-ing + clause
It+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze
/bother/concern/frighten/please/anger sb. that?
例 It worried me that she drove so fast.(= It was worrying that she drove so fast.)
(4) It verb (to sb.) that?= sb/sth verb to do
(verb = appear, seem, come about, emerge, follow, chance, happen, occur, transpire, turn out , work out)
例 It (so) happened/chanced that they were out.(= They happened/chanced to be out.)
(5) It is v-ed that?=sb/sth is to do
(verb=say, report, think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, decide, determine, intend, plan, understand, know)
例 It is said that the couple have gotten divorced.(=The couple are said to have gotten divorced.)
(6) It is v-ed that ? (should)?
(verb=demand, request, require, order, suggest, advise, recommend
例 It is suggested that they should begin with the third question.
三、It作主語(yǔ)的句型
1. It takes sb. ? to do?(=sb takes?to do?)某人用多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間做某事
例 It took the men a week to mend our roof.(= The men took a week to mend our roof.)
2. It's (just)(un)like sb. to do?(不)像某人做某事的風(fēng)格
例 It was (just) like him to think of helping us.
3. It's (about/high) time that? should /v-ed?是該做某事的時(shí)候了
例 It's(about/high) time that we should take action.
4. It's the x-th time (that) ? have v-ed?第幾次做某事了
例 It's the third time that he has failed the driving test.
5. It is/has been? since ?continuous v-ed(延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞) 某動(dòng)作已有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間不發(fā)生了 例 It's 10 years that he lived here
6. It was(not)? before?過(guò)(不)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間某動(dòng)作發(fā)生了
例 It was not long before they arrived.
四、It 作形式賓語(yǔ)
用來(lái)替代作賓語(yǔ)的從句、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞，而把真正作賓語(yǔ)的從句、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞置于句尾。
It 作形式賓語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)句型：
1. verb+ it+ adj./noun (for/of) to do/clause (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep?)
例 I think it hard for you to do the task on your own./I think it hard that you'll do the task on your own.
2. verb+it+adj./noun (one's) doing (adj.=useless/worth/worthwhile)(noun=no use/no
good/worth one's while/a waste of time/money/energy/words) (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep?)
例 I'll make it worth your while telling me about his secret.
3. verb+it+ important/unimportant/necessary/unnecessary/natural/essential that ? (should)?
verb+it+of much/great/no/little importance that?(should)?
(verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep?)
例 I think it important that you (should) attendthe conference.
4. verb + it+ as+ noun/adj.+ clause (verb=accept, regard, take, see, view)
例 The lecturer takes it as encouraging when so many students attend his lecture.
5. v. +it + prep. + that?
owe it to sb. that?把?歸功于?
leave it to sb that?把?留給某人去做
take it for granted that ?想當(dāng)然
keep it in mind that?
例 Don't bother to arrange anything. Just leave it to me to sort out.
6. It用在不能直接跟賓語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞后面，尤其是表示好惡的動(dòng)詞后，enjoy, like, love, dislike, resent, hate, don't mind, be fond of, feel like, see to 賓語(yǔ)從句緊跟it之后
例 I hate it you can swim so well and I can't.
7. It用在不能直接跟賓語(yǔ)從句的介詞后面，賓語(yǔ)從句緊跟it之后(except that例外)
例 I'm for it that you will follow their advice.
五、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型
It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that(who)? 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞以外的任何句子成分。當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人時(shí)也可以用who。
在使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型時(shí)需注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
1. 請(qǐng)注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊疑問(wèn)句
例 When was it that he changed his mind to take part in the activity?
2. 在強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只能強(qiáng)調(diào)由because所引導(dǎo)的從句
例 It was because he was ill that he didn't come to school yesterday.
3. 在強(qiáng)調(diào)not ? until結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)必須把not與until一起放到被強(qiáng)調(diào)的位置上
例 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was my brother.
4. 注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別
例 It was at 7 o'clock that he came here yesterday.( 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)
It was 7 o'clock when he came here yesterday.(定語(yǔ)從句)
六、It 常用的固定搭配
1. make it
(1).在口語(yǔ)當(dāng)中相當(dāng)于succeed,表示：成功、做到、說(shuō)定、趕上、及時(shí)到達(dá)
例 It's hard to make it to the top in show business.
(2).在口語(yǔ)中相當(dāng)于fix the date for,表示“約定好時(shí)間”
例 —Shall we meet next week?
—OK. We just make it next Saturday.
2. as it is
(1).相當(dāng)于in fact, in reality表示“事實(shí)上，實(shí)際情況是??”
例 We had planed to finish the task today, but as it is we probably won't finish it until next week.
(2).相當(dāng)于方式狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“照原樣”
例 Leave the table as it is.
3. as it were 相當(dāng)于as one might say, that is to say, 表示“也就是說(shuō)，可以說(shuō)，換句話說(shuō)” 例 He is, as it were, a modern Sherlock Holmes.
4. if it weren't for?/if it hadn't been for?用來(lái)引導(dǎo)虛擬語(yǔ)氣，相當(dāng)于without, or but for, 表示“如果不是??，要不是??”
例 If it weren't for Tom, I wouldn't be alive today.
5. that's it
(1). 相當(dāng)于That's all. That's so much. 表示“至此為止，沒(méi)有別的了”
例 You can have one more sweet, and that's it.
(2). 相當(dāng)于 That's right.表示“對(duì)啦”
例 — I guess the key to the problem is thechoice “A”
—That's it.
6. catch it 在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于be punished/scolded for doing sth. wrong. 表示“因做錯(cuò)事而挨罵，受責(zé)備，受批評(píng)，受懲罰”
例 We'll really catch it form our teacher if we're late for class again.
7. have it
(1).相當(dāng)于say, insist表示“說(shuō)，主張，表明，硬說(shuō)”
例 Rumour has it that they are getting divorced.
(2).相當(dāng)于get to know something,表示“了解，知道，獲悉”
例 I had it from John that she was going abroad.
8. have what it takes在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于be well qualified for, 表示“具有成功的條件” 例 You can take it from me that your daughter has what it takes to be a star.
9. so it seems / appears.
10. Keep at it! (Don't give up!)相當(dāng)于go on,表示“繼續(xù)做，不放棄”
例 My teacher asked me to keep at it.
11. Go it! (Go on!) 拼命干, 莽撞
12. Now you have done it! (You have done sth. wrong.)
13. Now you'll catch it! (You'll be punished.)
14. As it happened, ? 在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于it's a pity that?, 表示“真不湊巧，真遺憾” 例 As it happened, they were out.
15. As it turned out,?在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于it was found to be in the end, 表示“最后被證明是” 例 As it turned out, his statement was false.
16. Such as it is(they are) 在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于although it may not be worth much, 表示“雖然沒(méi)有多大價(jià)值”
例 You can borrow my exam notebook, such as it is.
17. Take it/things easy. 相當(dāng)于Don't worry or don't hurry. 用來(lái)勸告別人，表示“不要慌，別擔(dān)心，存住氣”
例 Take it easy! He will do it well.
18. Take it from me.在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于believe me what I say.表示“請(qǐng)相信我的話，我敢擔(dān)?！?例 You can take it from me that he will make it this time.
19. For what it is worth?在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于although I'm not sure it's of value, 表示“不管其價(jià)值如何”
例 Here is the article I promise you, for what it's worth.
20. Worth it 在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于useful, 表示“有好處，值得做”
例 Don't hesitate about it! It's worth it.
21. Believe it or not.表示“信不信由你”
例 Believe it or not, Tom is getting married to Mary next Sunday.
22. Take it or leave it. v. 要么接受要么放棄
例 That is my last offer. You can take it or leave it.
23. It all depends/that all depends 在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于it hasn't been decided yet, 表示“那得看情況，還沒(méi)有定下來(lái)”
例 —Are you going to the countryside for holiday?
—It/That all depends.
24. It's up to sb. 在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于it's decided by sb. 表示“由??決定，由??負(fù)責(zé)，取決于??”
例 —Shall we go out for dinner?
—It's up to you.
?
2013高考英語(yǔ)試題分類小結(jié)篇：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣
2013高考英語(yǔ)試題分類小結(jié)篇：代詞
2013高考英語(yǔ)試題分類小結(jié)篇：名詞與主謂一致
2013高考英語(yǔ)試題分類小結(jié)篇：冠詞
2013高考英語(yǔ)試題分類小結(jié)篇：狀語(yǔ)從句與并列句
2013高考英語(yǔ)試題分類小結(jié)篇：倒裝 強(qiáng)調(diào)與省略
2013高考英語(yǔ)試題分類小結(jié)篇：形容詞與副詞
2013高考英語(yǔ)試題分類小結(jié)篇：交際用語(yǔ)
2013高考英語(yǔ)試題分類小結(jié)篇：名詞性從句
2013高考英語(yǔ)試題分類小結(jié)篇：狀語(yǔ)從句
2013高考英語(yǔ)試題分類小結(jié)篇：介詞
2013高考英語(yǔ)試題分類小結(jié)篇：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
2013高考英語(yǔ)試題分類小結(jié)篇：動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)
2013高考英語(yǔ)試題分類小結(jié)篇：定語(yǔ)從句
2013高考英語(yǔ)試題分類小結(jié)篇：動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)
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2013西藏英語(yǔ)試題及答案解析
2013遼寧英語(yǔ)試題及答案解析
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