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IT WAS a moment of some drama when delegates assembled in Doha came to vote on a ban in the trade in bluefin tuna on March 18th. The previous evening many representatives of the 175 member nations of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) had been at a reception at the Japanese embassy. Prominent on the menu was bluefin tuna sushi. On the agenda the next day at the CITES meeting was a proposal to list the bluefin tuna as sufficiently endangered that it would qualify for a complete ban in the trade of the species (The Economist supports such a ban).
3月18日，代表們齊聚多哈投票表決是否通過一項(xiàng)針對(duì)買賣藍(lán)鰭金槍魚的禁令，這是頗有戲劇性的一刻。頭一天晚上，瀕危野生動(dòng)植物物種國際貿(mào)易公約(CITES)175個(gè)締約國的許多代表在日本大使館參加了一個(gè)招待會(huì)。菜單上，藍(lán)鰭金槍魚壽司赫然在列。而CITES大會(huì)次日的議程中卻包含了一項(xiàng)提案，該提案建議，鑒于藍(lán)鰭金槍魚已經(jīng)足夠?yàn)l危，應(yīng)該完全禁止該物種的買賣(本刊支持這樣一項(xiàng)禁令)。
The complex proposal called for further discussion of the bluefin tuna’s plight. Europe, the United States, Monaco and Norway were hoping to move to an adjournment, which would have allowed a proper investigation of the issues over the weekend. Kevern Cochrane, the representative from the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), agreed. He also acknowledged that the official FAO panel had decided that the species met the scientific criteria for listing as a sufficiently endangered species qualifying for a trade ban--the bluefin tuna population has dropped below 15% of its maximum historical level.
這項(xiàng)復(fù)雜的提案呼吁進(jìn)一步討論藍(lán)鰭金槍魚面臨的困境。歐洲、美國、摩納哥和挪威都希望大會(huì)休會(huì)，從而能夠利用周末對(duì)上述問題作出妥善的調(diào)研。來自聯(lián)合國糧農(nóng)組織的代表Kevern Cochrane表示同意。他還承認(rèn)糧農(nóng)組織官方的專門調(diào)查小組已經(jīng)認(rèn)定，鑒于其種群數(shù)量已經(jīng)降至歷史最高水平的15%以下，藍(lán)鰭金槍魚達(dá)到了被列入禁止買賣的瀕危物種名錄的科學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
At this stage, eyewitnesses report that the Libyan delegation made an unusual intervention. According to David Allison of OCEANA, a marine charity, the Libyan delegate started “screaming and calling everyone liars…He said the science was no good and that it was part of a conspiracy of developed countries. It was theatre. Then he stopped screaming and called for an immediate vote”. Another witness, Sergi Tudela, a fisheries expert with the WWF, agreed. “The Libyan representative accused the FAO of serving political interests and said there was no scientific basis for the listing.”
當(dāng)時(shí)在場的與會(huì)者們事后透露，就在這個(gè)節(jié)骨眼上，利比亞代表團(tuán)作出了不尋常的干預(yù)。來自O(shè)CEANA這家海洋慈善組織的David Allison說利比亞代表開始“尖叫并指責(zé)大家都是騙子……他說科學(xué)沒有用，不過是發(fā)達(dá)國家陰謀的一部分而已。一切就像是演戲。接著他停止了尖叫并要求立即投票?！绷硪晃荒繐粽?，來自世界自然基金會(huì)的漁業(yè)專家Sergi Tudela同意上述說法。他說：“利比亞代表指責(zé)聯(lián)合國糧農(nóng)組織為政治利益服務(wù)，并聲稱把藍(lán)鰭金槍魚列入禁止買賣的名單缺乏科學(xué)依據(jù)?！?BR> After this the talking stopped. The call for a ban, proposed by Monaco, was put to an immediate vote using a procedural ploy and rejected with 68 votes against, 20 in favour and 30 abstentions. The Americans, in particular, are disappointed. A number of agencies had been working hard to prepare for the meeting, none more so than the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The NOAA responded to the vote by committing to ensure that the organisation which currently manages bluefin tuna (albeit woefully) would implement fully its commitments and would continue to try to reduce fishing levels in line with scientific advice. The Japanese, however, will be delighted. The country has been lobbying hard against the ban for some time.
隨后討論就停止了。摩納哥提出的禁止買賣藍(lán)鰭金槍魚的呼吁立即被通過程序上的手段付諸表決，并最終以68票反對(duì)，20票贊成，30票棄權(quán)而未能獲得通過。美國人對(duì)此尤其失望。該國一些機(jī)構(gòu)一直努力工作就是為這次大會(huì)做好準(zhǔn)備，最突出的例子是美國國家海洋和大氣管理局(NOAA)。作為對(duì)此次表決的回應(yīng)，該機(jī)構(gòu)將致力于確保目前管理藍(lán)鰭金槍魚的機(jī)構(gòu)(盡管其表現(xiàn)不佳)全面落實(shí)各項(xiàng)承諾并繼續(xù)設(shè)法按照科學(xué)建議縮小捕撈規(guī)模。而日本人將對(duì)表決結(jié)果感到高興。該國一段時(shí)間以來都為反對(duì)禁令而竭力游說各方。
The outlook for the bluefin tuna is not good. Scientists already agree that the population is crashing, and that quotas allocated to fishermen remain too generous to give any reasonable degree of certainty of a recovery. The extent to which illegal fishing can be brought under control will also have a big impact on whether the population has a chance of recovering. It is technically possible that bluefin tuna could be put back on the agenda before the meeting closes on March 25th, but this it is unlikely to happen. It seems likely that a fresh attempt to list bluefin tuna will have to wait until the next CITES meeting in three years time.
藍(lán)鰭金槍魚的前景不容樂觀。科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)達(dá)成共識(shí)，認(rèn)為其數(shù)量正急劇減少，而分配給漁民的捕撈配額仍然過高，以至于無法合理地確保其種群數(shù)量的恢復(fù)。非法捕撈能在多大程度上得到控制也會(huì)對(duì)種群數(shù)量是否有機(jī)會(huì)恢復(fù)具有重大影響。雖然大會(huì)于本月25日閉幕前，技術(shù)上來說還有可能把藍(lán)鰭金槍魚重新放回議程中來，但是這種可能性微乎其微?？磥戆言撐锓N列入禁止買賣名錄的新一輪努力可能要等到三年后的下一屆CITES大會(huì)上了。
That may be too late for the bluefin tuna. Libya has used a procedural ruse to force a vote without any substantial discussion of the scientific, technical or economic issues. It has sidestepped the only public forum that exists to discuss whether action is needed to save a species that is being fished, traded and eaten to extinction. Had the discussion taken place before a vote to reject the trade ban, this would at least have counted as an honourable victory.
對(duì)于藍(lán)鰭金槍魚來說這或許太晚了。利比亞耍了一個(gè)程序上的花招，在沒有對(duì)科學(xué)、技術(shù)、和經(jīng)濟(jì)問題展開任何實(shí)質(zhì)性討論的情況下強(qiáng)行將提案付諸表決。唯一一個(gè)現(xiàn)有的討論是否需要采取行動(dòng)拯救一個(gè)正在被捕撈、買賣、和餐桌消費(fèi)到滅絕的物種的公共論壇就此被該國撇在一邊。要是投票否決買賣禁令之前能夠有一場討論，那么這至少本可以算作一次光榮的勝利。
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