布里斯托大學(xué)是英國(guó)一所頂尖的公立大學(xué)，也是“羅素大學(xué)集團(tuán)(The Russell Group)”的創(chuàng)始成員，目前在QS世界大學(xué)排名中位居世界第44位。下面請(qǐng)看出國(guó)留學(xué)網(wǎng)為大家翻譯的布里斯托大學(xué)基本概況。
Bristol consistently ranks in the world's top 100 and UK's top ten universities in league tables that draw on information about both research and teaching excellence.
We are one of the most popular UK universities, attracting on average eight top quality graduates for every place, and our graduates are among the most sought after by employers across the globe.
Over 40 per cent of our teaching programmes are accredited by professional bodies, who consistently acknowledge the excellence of our research-rich curriculum, our learning environment and our learning outcomes.
The review processes undertaken by these bodies are extremely detailed and are conducted by leading academics and practitioners.
布里斯托大學(xué)的簡(jiǎn)介
布里斯托大學(xué)連續(xù)排名世界前一百，在多個(gè)排名表中都是英國(guó)前十頂尖的一所大學(xué)。這些排名依據(jù)的是研究和優(yōu)秀的教育方面的信息。
布里斯托大學(xué)是英國(guó)最熱門(mén)的大學(xué)之一，平均每個(gè)地方都吸引了八位頂尖的畢業(yè)生，而我們的畢業(yè)生則是全球最被雇主看好的畢業(yè)生群體之一。
我們有超過(guò)40%的教學(xué)課程得到專(zhuān)業(yè)組織的認(rèn)證，這些組織一直都認(rèn)可我們?cè)谘芯啃驼n程、學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境和學(xué)習(xí)成果上的優(yōu)秀。
這些組織的評(píng)審過(guò)程也是十分的詳盡，由頂尖的專(zhuān)業(yè)人員和從業(yè)者進(jìn)行評(píng)審。
History of the University
Before the University of Bristol, there was University College, Bristol
University College, Bristol existed from 1876 to 1909 and was the precursor to the University of Bristol.
Its history can be traced back to the efforts of John Percival, headmaster of Clifton College, to press for the establishment of such an institution. In 1872, Percival wrote to the Oxford colleges observing that the provinces lacked a university culture. The following year he produced a pamphlet called 'The Connection of the Universities and the Great Towns', which was well received by Benjamin Jowett, Master of Balliol College, Oxford. Jowett was to become a significant figure, both philosophically and financially, in the establishment of University College, Bristol.
In June 1874, a meeting took place at Bristol's Victoria Rooms 'to promote a School of Science and Literature for the West of England'. Percival and Jowett spoke at the meeting, and won the support of Albert Fry and Lewis Fry, members of an influential and affluent local family.
University College, Bristol finally opened its doors at 9 am on Tuesday 10 October 1876 in rented premises at 32 Park Row. Initially there were two professors and five lecturers offering courses in 15 subjects. The College was open to men and women on the same basis (except in medicine). During the first session, 99 day students registered (30 men and 69 women) and 238 evening ones (143 men and 95 women).
Alfred Marshall, a groundbreaking economist, served as Principal of the College until 1881. He taught evening classes while his wife, Mary Paley, the first woman lecturer, taught during the day. Her fee was deducted from her husband's salary. The second Principal was William Ramsay, discoverer of the so-called noble gases. He left in 1887 (and received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1904), but remained influential in the College's efforts to become a university with its own Royal Charter. His successor was Conwy Lloyd Morgan, a geologist and zoologist who also became a pioneering experimental psychologist. He, too, was closely involved in the campaign for full university status, and would eventually become the University of Bristol's first Vice-Chancellor.
布里斯托大學(xué)的歷史
在布里斯托大學(xué)之前已有布里斯托大學(xué)學(xué)院。布里斯托大學(xué)學(xué)院存在于1876年至1909年，是布里斯托大學(xué)的前身。
布里斯托大學(xué)學(xué)院的歷史可追溯到約翰珀西瓦爾那里。約翰珀西瓦爾是克利弗頓學(xué)院的校長(zhǎng)，他迫切要求建立一所大學(xué)學(xué)院。在1872年，珀西瓦爾致信牛津?qū)W院，認(rèn)可當(dāng)?shù)厝鄙僖环N大學(xué)文化。次年，約翰珀西瓦爾寫(xiě)了“大學(xué)與大城市的聯(lián)系”的小冊(cè)子，受到了牛津貝利奧爾學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)本杰明喬伊特的歡迎。后來(lái)，在布里斯托大學(xué)建立的過(guò)程中，喬伊特成了哲學(xué)和財(cái)務(wù)領(lǐng)域的重要人物。
1874年6月。一次會(huì)議在布里斯托大學(xué)的Victoria Rooms 召開(kāi)，旨在“提升西英格蘭科學(xué)與文學(xué)學(xué)院”。珀西瓦爾和喬伊特在會(huì)議上講話(huà)，并贏得了當(dāng)?shù)孛T(mén)富家子弟阿爾伯特弗賴(lài)伊和里維斯弗賴(lài)伊的支持。
大學(xué)學(xué)院最終于1876年10月10日星期二上午九點(diǎn)開(kāi)放，租用場(chǎng)址，地點(diǎn)在公園路32號(hào)。起初，學(xué)院只有兩位教授，五名講師，只開(kāi)設(shè)十五門(mén)課程。除了醫(yī)學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)以外，學(xué)院對(duì)男生和女士同等開(kāi)放。在第一個(gè)學(xué)期，注冊(cè)白天課程的學(xué)生有99人(男生30人、女士69人)，注冊(cè)晚間課程的有238人(男生143人、女生95人)。
著名經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家阿爾弗雷德·馬歇爾擔(dān)任學(xué)院校長(zhǎng)，到1881年。阿爾弗雷德·馬歇爾教授晚間課程，他的妻子兼第一位女性講師瑪麗·佩利教授白天課程。瑪麗·佩利的費(fèi)用從她丈夫的工資里扣除。第二人校長(zhǎng)是威廉·拉姆齊，惰性氣體的發(fā)現(xiàn)者。威廉·拉姆齊于1887年離開(kāi)學(xué)院，在1904年獲得諾貝爾化學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，但是他在學(xué)院成為具有自己皇家憲章的大學(xué)的努力中仍然有影響力。在威廉·拉姆齊之后，擔(dān)任大學(xué)學(xué)院第三任校長(zhǎng)的是地理學(xué)家兼動(dòng)物學(xué)家的康維勞埃德·摩根(康維勞埃德·摩根同時(shí)成為了頂尖的心理學(xué)家)。和威廉·拉姆齊一樣，康維勞埃德·摩根也密切參與到學(xué)院獲得全面大學(xué)地位的努力中，并最終成了布里斯托大學(xué)的第一任校長(zhǎng)。
For University College, Bristol, life was a financial struggle, although in 1890 it received a ￡2,000 boost from the local Technical Instruction Committee. There was more good news in 1893 when the Bristol Medical School, which had been created in 1833, was formally incorporated into the College. Further encouragement came in 1896, when Commissioners from the Treasury reported that 'there is evidently vigorous life in the place, and the work done is of the University type'. The foundation of the University College Colston Society in 1899 was another highly significant development, drawing a broad spectrum of influential figures into supporting the College.
The campaign for a Charter gained momentum in 1904 with the appointment of Morris Travers as Professor of Chemistry. Travers, who had been recommended for the job by former Principal, William Ramsay, was an energetic and decisive man who set about gaining financial and political support for Bristol's plans. He was backed by some powerful individuals, including Lewis Fry, Chairman of the College Council, R B (later Lord) Haldane and members of the Wills family.
By 1906, Lewis Fry felt ready to put the plan to promote a university for Bristol on a formal footing, and an executive committee was formed. However, problems continued - Travers left to direct a research institute in India that year, and it proved very difficult to lift the College's endowment above the total of ￡30,000 that had been donated by members of the Wills and Fry families.
Everything changed on 14 January 1908, when H O Wills promised to donate ￡100,000 - a massive sum - provided that a Charter was granted within two years. The Wills gift set off a chain reaction, and more money was raised within 24 hours than had been attracted during the previous three decades.
Now things really started to move. After years of discussion, it was agreed that the Merchant Venturers' College and elements of the University College - formerly rivals - would merge to form a new Faculty of Engineering. Furthermore, the City Council offered the proceeds of a penny rate (some ￡7,000 a year), subject to a Charter being obtained. Best of all, when a petition for a Charter was submitted to the Privy Council, it met with royal favour.
On 24 May 1909, 33 years after University College opened, the Charter, approved by King Edward VII, came into effect. It was a day of celebration across Bristol and the beginning of the story told in our University timeline.
對(duì)于布里斯托大學(xué)學(xué)院而言，雖然在1890年收到過(guò)來(lái)自當(dāng)?shù)丶夹g(shù)指導(dǎo)委員會(huì)的2千英鎊支援，但它在經(jīng)濟(jì)上始終是困難重重的。更多的好消息要等到1893年才來(lái)到。其時(shí)，建于1833年的布里斯托醫(yī)學(xué)院正式并入大學(xué)學(xué)院。到1896年，進(jìn)一步的鼓舞到來(lái)了。因?yàn)槟且荒?，?cái)務(wù)部專(zhuān)員報(bào)告說(shuō)“當(dāng)?shù)赜辛嗣黠@的生命跡象，并且當(dāng)?shù)厮龅墓ぷ魇菍儆诖髮W(xué)類(lèi)型的?！庇?899年成立的大學(xué)學(xué)院科爾斯頓協(xié)會(huì)是另一項(xiàng)重大發(fā)展，許多領(lǐng)域的重要人物因此被吸引，前來(lái)支持學(xué)院。
憲章運(yùn)動(dòng)在1904年獲得了動(dòng)力，當(dāng)時(shí)，摩斯·特拉維斯被任命為化學(xué)教授。在此之前，特拉維斯曾受到了前任校長(zhǎng)威廉·拉姆齊的推薦。而特拉維斯自己則一個(gè)充滿(mǎn)活力、有決斷力的人。是他讓布里斯托大學(xué)的計(jì)劃得到了財(cái)務(wù)和政治上的支持。摩斯·特拉維斯還有一些有權(quán)勢(shì)的人物做后盾，包括學(xué)院委員會(huì)主席里維斯弗賴(lài)伊、后來(lái)成為伯爵的R B霍爾丹和威爾斯家族的成員。
到1906年，里維斯弗賴(lài)伊覺(jué)得是時(shí)候正式實(shí)施升級(jí)布里斯托大學(xué)學(xué)院為大學(xué)的計(jì)劃了，這時(shí)，執(zhí)行委員會(huì)也已成立。但是，問(wèn)題又來(lái)了：那一年特拉維斯正好離開(kāi)，去了印度，在那里指導(dǎo)某個(gè)研究所，而事實(shí)證明，很難在威爾斯家族和弗賴(lài)伊家族捐贈(zèng)的3萬(wàn)英鎊的基礎(chǔ)上再籌集到捐贈(zèng)。
1908年1月14日，一切都有了改變。其時(shí)，H O威爾斯答應(yīng)捐贈(zèng)10萬(wàn)英鎊，只要學(xué)院能在兩年內(nèi)拿到憲章。威爾斯的捐贈(zèng)引起了連鎖反應(yīng)：僅在24個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)，籌集到的資金就超過(guò)了過(guò)去三十年里的資金。
現(xiàn)在，事情真的開(kāi)始有了運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。在經(jīng)過(guò)幾年的商討之后，人們達(dá)成協(xié)議，同意將“商人冒險(xiǎn)者學(xué)院”( Merchant Venturers' College )同大學(xué)學(xué)院合并，形成新的工程學(xué)院。(在此之前，后者是前者的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。)不僅如此，市議會(huì)在學(xué)院獲得憲章的基礎(chǔ)上同一每年提供7千英鎊。最好的還在這里：當(dāng)憲章請(qǐng)求被遞交個(gè)樞密院的時(shí)候，得到了皇家的支持。
在1909年5月24日，在大學(xué)學(xué)院開(kāi)放33年之后，經(jīng)過(guò)愛(ài)德華王七世的統(tǒng)一，憲章生效。在布里斯托大學(xué)的歷史上，這是值得慶祝的一天，也是布里斯托大學(xué)大事年表的開(kāi)始就講述的故事。
Schools and faculties
----Academic schools and research centres by faculty
Arts
School of Arts
Anthropology and Archaeology;Film and Television;Music;Philosophy;Theatre.
School of Humanities
Classics and Ancient History;English;History (Historical Studies);History of Art (Historical Studies);Religion and Theology.
School of Modern Languages
French;German;Hispanic, Portuguese and Latin American Studies;Italian;Russian.
Bristol Institute for Research in the Humanities and Arts
Centre for English Language and Foundation Studies
Centre for Innovation
Biomedical Sciences
School of Biochemistry;
School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine;
School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience;
Elizabeth Blackwell Institute for Health Research.
Engineering
School of Computer Science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, and Engineering Mathematics
Computer Science;Electrical and Electronic Engineering;Engineering Mathematics.
School of Civil, Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering
Aerospace Engineering;Civil Engineering;Mechanical Engineering.
Health Sciences
Bristol Dental School;Bristol Medical School;Population Health Sciences;Translational Health Sciences;Bristol Veterinary School;Centre for Health Sciences Education;Centre for Applied Anatomy;Teaching and Learning for Health Professionals
Science
School of Biological Sciences;School of Chemistry;School of Earth Sciences;School of Experimental Psychology;School of Geographical Sciences;School of Mathematics;School of Physics;Interface Analysis Centre;Centre for Nanoscience & Quantum Information.
Social Sciences and Law
School of Education;School for Policy Studies;School of Economics, Finance and Management;(Accounting and Finance,Centre for Market and Public Organisation,Economics,Management)School of Sociology, Politics and International Studies;University of Bristol Law School.
布里斯托大學(xué)的院系設(shè)置
1.文科
文科學(xué)院
旗下分人類(lèi)學(xué)與考古學(xué)、電影與電視、音樂(lè)、哲學(xué)和戲劇。
人文學(xué)院
旗下分古典學(xué)與古代史、英語(yǔ)、歷史(歷史研究)、藝術(shù)史(歷史研究)以及宗教與神學(xué)。
現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言學(xué)院
旗下分法語(yǔ)，德語(yǔ)，西班牙、葡萄牙與拉美研究，意大利語(yǔ)以及俄語(yǔ)。
文科旗下還包括布里斯托人文與藝術(shù)研究所、英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言與預(yù)科學(xué)習(xí)中心以及創(chuàng)新中心。
2.生物醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)
旗下分生物化學(xué)學(xué)院，細(xì)胞與分子學(xué)院，醫(yī)學(xué)，生理學(xué)、藥理學(xué)與神經(jīng)科學(xué)學(xué)院、伊麗莎白布萊克威爾健康研究所。
3.工程
計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)、電氣與電子工程和工程數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)院
旗下分計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)、電子與電氣工程以及工程數(shù)學(xué)。
土木、航天航空與機(jī)械工程學(xué)院
旗下分航天航空工程、土木工程和機(jī)械工程。
4.健康科學(xué)
布里斯托牙醫(yī)學(xué)院、布里斯托醫(yī)學(xué)院(旗下分人口健康科學(xué)和轉(zhuǎn)譯健康科學(xué))、布里斯托獸醫(yī)學(xué)院海外健康科學(xué)教育中心(旗下分應(yīng)用解剖學(xué)中心、健康職業(yè)教學(xué)與學(xué)習(xí))。
5.科學(xué)
生物科學(xué)學(xué)院、化學(xué)學(xué)院、地球科學(xué)學(xué)院、實(shí)驗(yàn)心理學(xué)學(xué)院、地理科學(xué)學(xué)院、數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)院和物理學(xué)院(旗下分界面分析中心、納米科學(xué)與量子論中心以及信息中心)。
6.社會(huì)科學(xué)與法律
教育學(xué)院，政策研究學(xué)院，經(jīng)濟(jì)、金融與管理學(xué)院(旗下分會(huì)計(jì)與金融、市場(chǎng)與公共組織中心、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)與管理學(xué))，社會(huì)學(xué)、政治學(xué)與國(guó)際研究學(xué)院以及布里斯托大學(xué)法學(xué)院。
Alumni
Nobel Laureates
Sir William Ramsay (1852–1916)
Principal and Professor of Chemistry at University College, Bristol (later the University of Bristol) from 1880 to 1887. The Nobel Prize 1904 ‘in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air, and his determination of their place in the periodic system’.
Paul Dirac (1902–84)
Graduated from Bristol with a BSc (Engineering) in 1921, then studied mathematics at Bristol for a further two years.
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1933 (1/2 share) ‘for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory’.
Cecil Frank Powell (1903–69)
At Bristol from 1927, first as Research Assistant to A M Tyndall, then appointed lecturer and, in 1948, established as Melville Wills Professor of Physics.
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1950 ‘for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method’.
Sir Winston Churchill (1874–1965)
Chancellor of the University of Bristol from 1929 until 1965.
The Nobel Prize for Literature 1953 was awarded to Sir Winston Churchill, 'for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values'.
Dorothy Hodgkin (1910–94)
Chancellor of the University of Bristol from 1970 until 1988.
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1964 was awarded to Dorothy Hodgkin, 'for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances'.
Hans Albrecht Bethe (1906–2005)
Held a fellowship at the University of Bristol in 1934.
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1967 ‘for his contribution to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars’.
Max Delbrück (1906-81)
Research worker at the University in 1930-32.
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1969 (1/3 share) for discoveries concerning 'the replication mechanism and genetic structure of viruses'.
Gerhard Herzberg (1904-99)
Carried out postdoctoral work at the University in 1929-30.
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1971 'for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals'.
Sir Nevill Francis Mott (1905–96)
Chair in theoretical physics at Bristol from 1933, then, after a period of military research in London during the war, head of the Bristol physics department.
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1977 (1/3 share) for 'fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems’.
布里斯托大學(xué)著名校友
——諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)得主
威廉·拉姆賽 (1852–1916)
1880年至1887年擔(dān)任校長(zhǎng)兼布里斯托大學(xué)學(xué)院化學(xué)教授，后擔(dān)任布里斯托大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)。1904年諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)得主。
保羅·狄拉克 (1902–84)
1921屆布里斯托大學(xué)工程理學(xué)士。畢業(yè)后在布里斯托大學(xué)繼續(xù)研究數(shù)學(xué)兩年。1933年諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)得主。
Cecil Frank Powell (1903–69)
1927年進(jìn)入布里斯托大學(xué)，起初是A M Tyndall研究助理，隨后被任命為講師。在1948年成為物理學(xué)教授。1950年諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)得主。
溫斯頓丘吉爾(1874–1965)
1929年至1956年間擔(dān)任布里斯托大學(xué)財(cái)政大臣，1953年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)得主。
Dorothy Hodgkin (1910–94)
1970年至1988年間擔(dān)任布里斯托大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)。1964年諾貝爾化學(xué)獎(jiǎng)得主。
Hans Albrecht Bethe (1906–2005)
1934年拿到布里斯托大學(xué)研究員職位，1967年榮獲諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。
Max Delbrück (1906-81)
1930-32年在布里斯托大學(xué)擔(dān)任研究員。1969年獲得諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。
Gerhard Herzberg (1904-99)
1929-30年在布里斯托大學(xué)從事博士后工作。1971年獲得諾貝爾化學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。
Sir Nevill Francis Mott (1905–96)
1933年起擔(dān)任布里斯托大學(xué)理論物理學(xué)委員會(huì)主席，二戰(zhàn)期間在倫敦從事軍事研究，兼布里斯托大學(xué)物理學(xué)部主任。1977年諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)得主。