現(xiàn)如今許多中國學(xué)生選擇去日本繼續(xù)深造，不僅是因?yàn)槿毡靖咚降男W(xué)水平也由于近幾年考取日本大學(xué)的方式更加多樣化，接下來跟著出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)了解下2018年日本留學(xué)實(shí)用申請(qǐng)指南吧。
Considering studying in Japan? Read our guide to find out everything you need to know about Japanese universities and student life, and what steps to take next.Known for making things smaller, faster and first, Japan was until recently the second-largest economy in the world (it’s now third, behind the US and China). Its economic strength is at least partly due to the strong research and development industry that underlies successful international brands such as Nissan, Toyota, Panasonic, Canon and Sony – as well as producing robots for every need imaginable. Unsurprisingly, an excellent higher education system lies behind all this innovation.Click on the tabs below for information about top universities in Japan, student cities, applications, costs and more.
如果你正好在考慮去日本學(xué)習(xí)? 那么你可以閱讀出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)為您總結(jié)的指南，了解您需要了解的關(guān)于日本大學(xué)和學(xué)生生活的所有信息以及下一步要采取的措施。日本以更小、更快和更先進(jìn)的方式而聞名，直到最近才成為世界第二大經(jīng)濟(jì)體(現(xiàn)在僅次于美國和中國的第三大經(jīng)濟(jì)體)。其經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力至少部分歸功于日產(chǎn)的豐田、松下、佳能和索尼等成功國際品牌的強(qiáng)大研發(fā)行業(yè)以及為每一個(gè)可想象的需求生產(chǎn)機(jī)器人。不出所料，所有這些創(chuàng)新背后都有一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的高等教育體系。接下來出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)的小編為您翻譯了日本頂尖大學(xué)、學(xué)生城市、申請(qǐng)、費(fèi)用等相關(guān)信息，希望對(duì)您能夠有所幫助。
一、日本有哪些頂尖大學(xué)?
If you fancy studying in Japan, the homeland of the bullet train, Nintendo Wii, instant noodles and karaoke, you’ll be pleased to know Japan wants you too.The government is keen to attract more international students, and has set a target of having 300,000 foreign students in the country by 2020 (it reached the 100,000 mark in 2003). As a result, universities are focusing on making life easier for foreign students, from the application process all the way through to finding a job after graduation.One thing that will certainly help to attract international students is the introduction of more courses taught partly or entirely in English. Other schemes to attract more overseas students include:Hiring special staff to support international students.Allowing students to start courses in September (instead of April, which is when Japan’s academic year usually starts)Recruiting more teaching staff from outside Japan.Increasing exchange programs with universities in other countries
Aware that living and studying in Japan is expensive compared to many countries, the government has also introduced additional financial support for foreign students. Various university scholarships and grants are available through the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) and the Japan Student Services Organization (JASSO).There are approximately 780 universities in Japan, of which about 80% are private. There are also specialized schools and colleges that provide more vocational types of degree.The nation’s strongest global ranking is currently claimed by the University of Tokyo, which ranks joint 28th in the QS World University Rankings? 2018, up six places from the previous year. Close behind are Kyoto University (joint 36th) and Tokyo Institute of Technology (56th), with a further 40 Japanese universities ranked among the world’s best.
如果你喜歡在日本學(xué)習(xí)，那很有可能你對(duì)子彈頭列車、任天堂Wii、速食面和卡拉ok都會(huì)很有興趣，你會(huì)很高興知道其實(shí)日本也想要你。政府熱切希望吸引更多的國際學(xué)生，并設(shè)定了2020年外國留學(xué)生人數(shù)達(dá)到30萬的目標(biāo)(2003年達(dá)到了10萬)。因此，大學(xué)專注于讓外國學(xué)生的生活更容易，從申請(qǐng)過程一直到畢業(yè)后找工作。有一件事肯定會(huì)有助于吸引國際學(xué)生，那就是引入更多的課程，部分或全部用英語授課。其他吸引海外學(xué)生的計(jì)劃包括:
雇傭特別的員工來教授國際學(xué)生課程
允許學(xué)生在9月開始上課(而不是4月，那是日本的學(xué)年通常開始的時(shí)候)
從國外招聘更多的教學(xué)人員
增加與其他國家大學(xué)的交流項(xiàng)目
日本已經(jīng)意識(shí)到在日本生活和學(xué)習(xí)與許多國家相比是昂貴的，政府還為外國學(xué)生提供了額外的資金支持。通過教育部、文化、體育、科技(梅克斯)和日本學(xué)生服務(wù)組織提供各種大學(xué)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金和助學(xué)金。日本大約有780所大學(xué)，其中80%為私立大學(xué)。也有專門的學(xué)校和學(xué)院提供更多的職業(yè)類型的學(xué)位。這個(gè)國家最強(qiáng)大的全球排名目前由東京大學(xué)聲稱,在2018年QS世界大學(xué)排行榜中排名第28名，比前一年上升了六個(gè)榜位。緊隨其后的是京都大學(xué)(第36名)和東京理工學(xué)院(第56名)，另外還有40所日本大學(xué)名列世界前茅。比前一年。緊隨其后的是京都大學(xué)(第37位)和東京理工學(xué)院(第56名)，另有36所日本大學(xué)在世界上名列前茅。
1.東京大學(xué)University of Tokyo
The University of Tokyo, or Todai, continues to be Japan’s highest entrant in the overall world rankings, and has a very strong global reputation across a wide range of disciplines. Featured in 39 out of 46 subjects in the QS World University Rankings by Subject 2017, the University of Tokyo performs very well, ranked among the global top 100 for every one of these subjects. Most impressively, it appears in the world's top 10 for modern languages, physics and astronomy, pharmacy, chemistry, mechanical engineering, and chemical engineering.
東京大學(xué)或者簡稱東大，在全球排名中仍是日本的最高學(xué)府，在全球范圍內(nèi)都有很強(qiáng)的聲譽(yù)。東京大學(xué)在2017年QS世界大學(xué)的排名中，46個(gè)科目中有39個(gè)科目表現(xiàn)得很好，在全球排名前100的學(xué)科中排名第一。最令人印象深刻的是，它在現(xiàn)代語言、物理和天文學(xué)、藥劑學(xué)、化學(xué)、機(jī)械工程和化學(xué)工程領(lǐng)域的世界排名前十。
2.京都大學(xué)Kyoto University
Based in Japan’s old capital city of Kyoto, Kyoto University is the second highest-ranked university in the country, up one place to rank joint 36th. It also has a strong presence in the QS World University Rankings by Subject, featuring among the world’s best in 35 of the 46 subjects covered in 2017. Of these, it ranks within the world's top 50 for 18 subjects, including biological sciences, several branches of engineering, materials sciences, modern languages and physics & astronomy.
京都大學(xué)位于日本古老的首都京都，是全國排名第二的大學(xué)，排名第36位。它在QS世界大學(xué)排名中也有很強(qiáng)的影響力，在2017年的46個(gè)科目中，有35個(gè)是世界上最好的。其中包括生物科學(xué)、工程、材料科學(xué)、現(xiàn)代語言、物理學(xué)和天文學(xué)等18門學(xué)科的世界排名前50名。
3.大阪大學(xué)Osaka University
Located in the third most populous city in Japan, Osaka University, also known as Handai, is ranked 63rd in the latest QS World University Rankings. It holds a strong reputation across a number of research fields, featuring among the world’s best for 29 subjects in the QS World University Rankings by Subject 2017, featuring in the global top 50 for chemistry, biological sciences, chemical engineering, physics and astronomy, dentistry and materials sciences.
位于日本第三大人口城市的大阪大學(xué)，也被稱為人工智能，在最新的QS世界大學(xué)排名中排名第63位。它在許多研究領(lǐng)域享有很高的聲譽(yù)，在QS世界大學(xué)和世界大學(xué)的排名中，有29個(gè)學(xué)科在2017年的排名中名列前茅，在全球排名前50的學(xué)科中，化學(xué)、生物科學(xué)、化學(xué)工程、物理學(xué)和天文學(xué)、牙科和材料科學(xué)等學(xué)科都名列前茅。
二、日本適合留學(xué)的城市有哪些?
1.東京
Mention Tokyo and most people probably picture neon signs, congested traffic and, well, more neon signs. But there’s more to Japan’s capital than bright lights – though it certainly has lots of those. Away from the main highways and the non-stop turnover of new gadgets in Akihabara (electric town), there are more tranquil pleasures to be enjoyed: shrines and temples, traditional gardens and teahouses, noodle bars and fresh sushi.There are also hundreds of colleges and universities in Tokyo, including Japan’s highest-ranked institution, the University of Tokyo, currently joint 28th in the QS World University Rankings. The city is also home to Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan’s third highest-ranked university at 56thDespite being ranked among the world's most expensive cities in the annual Mercer Cost of Living Survey, Tokyo does not have to be ridiculously bank-breaking. That is, as long as you avoid using taxis, eating out at Aragawa (one of the world’s priciest restaurants) or spending too much time in the famous game arcades.
提到東京，大多數(shù)人可能會(huì)第一時(shí)間想到霓虹燈、擁擠的交通、還有更多的霓虹燈招牌。但日本的首都比明亮的燈光更重要——盡管它確實(shí)有很多。遠(yuǎn)離主要高速公路和秋葉原(電力城)的新設(shè)備的不間斷周轉(zhuǎn)，有更多的寧靜樂趣:神龕和寺廟，傳統(tǒng)的花園和茶館，面條酒吧和新鮮的壽司。在東京，也有數(shù)百所學(xué)院和大學(xué)，包括日本排名最高的機(jī)構(gòu)——東京大學(xué)，目前在QS世界大學(xué)排名中并列第28位。東京也是東京理工大學(xué)的所在地，該學(xué)院是日本排名第三的大學(xué)，排名第56名，盡管在全球最昂貴的城市生活成本調(diào)查中排名第一，但東京并不一定要令人可笑的銀行崩潰。也就是說，只要你避免使用出租車，在Aragawa(世界上最昂貴的餐館之一)外出就餐，或者在著名的游戲廳花費(fèi)太多時(shí)間。
2.京都
Known as Japan’s cultural capital, Kyoto is home to 17 UNESCO World Heritage sites and is top of the list for many students looking to explore Japan’s rich history – but that’s not to stay it’s stuck in the past. Today, the city’s historical sites are surrounded by thriving industry and business, as well as a year-round program of festivals and cultural events.Kyoto University is Japan’s second oldest university, and its second highest-ranked, at joint 36th in the current QS World University Rankings. Kyoto Institute of Technology is also highly esteemed, and there are more than 30 colleges and universities in Kyoto to choose from in all. Even if you don’t pick a university in Kyoto, it’s still definitely a must-see place during your time in Japan.
作為日本的文化之都，京都是17個(gè)聯(lián)合國教科文組織世界遺產(chǎn)的所在地，也是許多想要探索日本豐富歷史的學(xué)生的首選，但這并不是為了讓它停留在過去。今天，這座城市的歷史遺跡被繁榮的工業(yè)和商業(yè)和全年的節(jié)日和文化活動(dòng)所包圍。京都大學(xué)是日本第二大最古老的大學(xué)，也是排名第二的大學(xué)，在目前的QS世界大學(xué)排名中排名第36位。京都理工學(xué)院也非常受人尊敬，京都有30多所高校。即使你在京都沒有選擇一所大學(xué)，在你的日本時(shí)間里，它仍然是一個(gè)必看的地方。
3.大阪
As far back as historical records go, Osaka has been a place of meetings and exchanges – an international gateway for trade, politics and knowledge. Today, Osaka remains a key economic and cultural hub, with a large and diverse population and an economy bigger than some entire countries. Culture-rich Kyoto is only about 40km away, but Osaka itself is not short on art exhibitions, live music or drama, as well as being known for its excellent and varied cuisine. Universities in Osaka also hold their own, with Osaka University ranked 63rd in the QS World University Rankings.
就歷史記錄而言，大阪一直是一個(gè)會(huì)議和交流的場所，這一個(gè)國際貿(mào)易、政治和知識(shí)的門戶。今天，大阪仍然是一個(gè)重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化中心、人口眾多、經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模比整個(gè)國家都大。文化豐富的京都只有約40公里的距離，但大阪本身并不缺少藝術(shù)展覽、現(xiàn)場音樂或戲劇，同時(shí)也因其出色而多樣的美食而聞名。大阪大學(xué)也有自己的大學(xué)，大阪大學(xué)在QS世界大學(xué)排名中排名第63位。
三、申請(qǐng)及簽證等事宜
1.日本大學(xué)申請(qǐng)事宜
Rather than submitting a GPA (grade point average) or other assessment grades, students applying to universities in Japan are required to take entrance examinations. The ‘Examination for Japanese University Admission for International Students (EJU)’ is the standardized test for foreign students, designed to test basic academic skill in areas of science, mathematics and ‘Japan and the world’. Some 95% of national universities, 65% of public universities and 44% of private institutions require the EJU for entrance.Many universities also require incoming students to take an additional examination. Although the EJU can be completed at test centers across Asia, prospective students must often travel to Japan to take these institution-specific tests. Fees for the tests range between ￥6,960 and ￥12,920 (US$57-$107) and test-takers have just one chance to pass each academic year.In addition to the entrance examinations, applicants are likely to be asked to provide a completed application form, academic transcripts, proof of sufficient finances to cover tuition fees, academic references, a valid passport and a couple of passport-sized photographs.
在日本，申請(qǐng)大學(xué)的學(xué)生不需要提交平均成績(GPA)或其他評(píng)估成績，而是需要參加入學(xué)考試。日本大學(xué)國際學(xué)生入學(xué)考試是對(duì)外國學(xué)生的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試，旨在測(cè)試科學(xué)、數(shù)學(xué)、日本和世界的基本學(xué)術(shù)技能。大約95%的國立大學(xué)、65%的公立大學(xué)和44%的私立學(xué)校要求EJU入學(xué)。許多大學(xué)還要求新生接受額外的考試。雖然EJU可以在亞洲各地的考試中心完成，但未來的學(xué)生必須經(jīng)常去日本參加這些機(jī)構(gòu)特有的考試。費(fèi)用之間的測(cè)試范圍￥960和￥12920(57美元- 107美元),考生每一個(gè)學(xué)年只有一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)通過。除了入學(xué)考試之外，申請(qǐng)人還可能被要求提供完整的申請(qǐng)表格、學(xué)術(shù)成績單、足夠的財(cái)務(wù)證明，包括學(xué)費(fèi)、學(xué)術(shù)參考、有效護(hù)照和護(hù)照大小的照片。
2.日本簽證事宜
International students intending to study for more than three months in Japan will need to apply for a student visa. To do this, you should first obtain a Certificate of Eligibility, which will be applied for on your behalf by the Japanese institution you have been accepted by. Once this has been issued, you will need to apply for your visa through your local Japanese embassy or consulate. As well as the original certificate of eligibility (and an additional photocopy), you will also need to provide a valid passport, a completed application form and a recent passport-sized photograph.
打算在日本學(xué)習(xí)超過3個(gè)月的國際學(xué)生需要申請(qǐng)學(xué)生簽證。為了可以順利的申請(qǐng)到簽證，你應(yīng)該首先獲得資格證書，這將被日本機(jī)構(gòu)為你所接受的機(jī)構(gòu)申請(qǐng)。一旦你的簽證被簽發(fā)，你將需要通過當(dāng)?shù)氐娜毡敬笫桂^或領(lǐng)事館申請(qǐng)簽證。除了最初的資格證書(還有額外的復(fù)印件)，你還需要提供有效的護(hù)照、完整的申請(qǐng)表格和最近一張護(hù)照大小的照片。如果你想在學(xué)習(xí)期間在日本工作，你需要獲得允許從事其他活動(dòng)的許可，而不是以前被授予的居留身份，你可以在到達(dá)日本后在移民局申請(qǐng)。一般來說，這個(gè)許可可以讓你在法定假日期間每周工作28小時(shí)，每天工作8小時(shí)。
3.就讀費(fèi)用
Tuition fees in Japan, although some of the most expensive in Asia, still look very appealing in comparison to Western countries such as the UK or the US. Typically, you can expect to pay between ￥500,000 and ￥1,000,000 (US$4,140-8,280) annually – but don’t make the mistake of assuming the highest rates are charged by the highest-ranked institutions. For instance, Japan’s top two universities in the QS World University Rankings – the University of Tokyo and Osaka University – charge annual tuition fees of ￥535,800 per year (US$4,440) for most programs at undergraduate and master’s level, plus an additional ￥282,000 (US$2,330) for the ‘a(chǎn)dmission fee’. There is also an additional yearly charge of ￥17,000-￥30,000 (US$140-$250) for examination fees.
與英國或美國等西方國家相比，日本的學(xué)費(fèi)雖然在亞洲最貴，但仍顯得非常吸引人。通常情況下,你可以預(yù)期支付￥500000之間每年￥1000000(相當(dāng)于4140 - 8280美元)，但不要錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為利率收取的最高排名最高的機(jī)構(gòu)。例如,日本在QS世界大學(xué)排行榜中，排名最靠前的兩所大學(xué)，東京和大阪大學(xué)的每年收取年學(xué)費(fèi)￥535800(4440美元)對(duì)大多數(shù)項(xiàng)目在本科和碩士水平,加上額外的￥282000(合2330美元)的入學(xué)費(fèi)用。每年還有一個(gè)額外的￥17000 -￥30000(合140 - 250美元)的考試費(fèi)用。居住在日本的平均成本是每月￥88000(合740美元)。毫不奇怪，東京是日本最昂貴的居住地。在這里,日本學(xué)生服務(wù)組織(的看法)建議的預(yù)算大約每月￥103000(860美元)支付租金,食物、保險(xiǎn)、娛樂和其他生活費(fèi)用。
由于日本雄心勃勃的改革，國際學(xué)生現(xiàn)在比以往任何時(shí)候都有更多的機(jī)會(huì)獲得資金。由于國際學(xué)生的比例遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于CIEE所規(guī)定的目標(biāo)，有一系列的政府獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金、贈(zèng)款和貸款計(jì)劃向杰出的國際申請(qǐng)者開放。日本政府獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金是一個(gè)這樣的計(jì)劃，學(xué)生們需要從他們的大學(xué)或當(dāng)?shù)厝毡敬笫桂^得到推薦。另一個(gè)政府倡議是全球30項(xiàng)目，它不僅為學(xué)生提供更多的英語學(xué)習(xí)選擇，而且還提供資金支持和簽證建議。有關(guān)獲得資金的更多信息，請(qǐng)查閱JASSO在日本的門戶網(wǎng)站上提供的信息，或者搜索日本研究支持(JPSS)提供的在線獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金數(shù)據(jù)庫。或者，聯(lián)系你選擇的大學(xué)的招生部門或者你所在國家的日本大使館或領(lǐng)事館。
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