2020考研英語:翻譯各類技巧解析(下)

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    2020考研英語:翻譯各類技巧解析(下)
    ?結(jié)構(gòu)譯法
    &bull分割結(jié)構(gòu)
    語法關(guān)系密切的兩個句子成分被其他句子成分分隔的現(xiàn)象稱為分割結(jié)構(gòu)。英語中,分割結(jié)構(gòu)的類型是多種多樣的。例如,英語句子的主語和謂語一般都緊密相聯(lián),它們之間很少插入介詞等比較長的結(jié)構(gòu)。
    但是,在有些情況下,或是為了保持句子的平衡,避免頭重腳輕,或是為了語義嚴(yán)密,結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊,在主語和謂語之間有時也會插入其他成分。
    此外,還有定語(或定語從句)與其中心詞被分隔某些詞語與其所要求的介詞被分隔動詞與其賓語被分隔介詞與其賓語被分隔等等。
    總之,英語的分割應(yīng)遵循尾重原則(應(yīng)把長而復(fù)雜的成分放在句末,使結(jié)構(gòu)勻稱)和句尾信息焦點原則(把新信息,即語意重點放在句末)。同時,在閱讀時要注意找出原來屬于一個整體部分的意義。
    1. Most novelists and historians writing in the early to mid-twentieth century who considered women in the West, when they considered women at all, fell under Turner's spell.
    分析:本句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是:Most novelists and historians…fell under Turner’s spell. Turner 是美國歷史學(xué)家。under a spell:被迷住,著迷。
    writing in the early to mid-twentieth century who considered women in the West, when they considered women at all 修飾主語,起分割主謂的作用。而其中的狀語從句when they considered women at all 是定語從句who considered women in the West中的狀語成分。
    譯文:從本世紀(jì)初到本世紀(jì)中葉從事寫作的小說家和歷史學(xué)家只要描寫婦女,就會描述西部婦女,而且都被特納迷住。
    2. In the last eight years there were difficult, almost non-stop negotiations and reported threats of failure, ultimately overcome by a combination of creative compromise and stubborn determination–indeed, some call it unprecedented determination–to succeed.
    分析:本句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是:…there were negotiations and…threats of failure?!皁vercome by…”是過去分詞短語,修飾 threats of failure。stubborn determination 和其定語動詞不定式“to succeed”被“indeed, some call it unprecedented determination”分割。
    譯文:在最后的八年里,進(jìn)行了艱苦卓絕的、幾乎是不間斷的談判,其間屢經(jīng)失敗之虞,但最終過創(chuàng)造性的協(xié)調(diào)和要取得成功的頑強(qiáng)決心––確實有人稱之為前所未有的決心––而渡過難關(guān),取得了勝利。
    3. Abraham Lincoln is the most famous instance of the claim that Americans often made that in their country a man may rise from the lowest to the highest position.
    分析:the claim 和其同位語 that in their country a man may rise from the lowest to the highest position 被 the claim 的定語從句that Americans often made 分割。同位語從句在翻譯時可按照順序翻譯,將其翻譯為分句。
    4. The discovery of surplus value suddenly threw light on the problem, in trying to solve which all previous investigations, of both bourgeois economists and social critics, had been groping in the dark.
    分析:in trying to solve插在 the problem 和定語從句which…之間,起到承上啟下的作用。of both bourgeois economists and social critics為investigations 的后置定語,起到分割作用。
    譯文:由于剩余價值的發(fā)現(xiàn),使問題明朗化了。而先前,無論資產(chǎn)階級經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家還是社會批評家所從事的一切研究都只是在黑暗中摸索。
    5. A better knowledge of China’s civilization would lay open to us an empire of learning, hitherto fabulously described.
    分析:lay open 和 an empire of learning 被介詞短語 to us 分割。本句選自英國前首相撒切爾夫人1982年在中國歡迎宴會上的講話。翻譯時要注意轉(zhuǎn)譯的應(yīng)用。如把“better”譯為副詞“更好地”。
    譯文:更好地了解中國的文明,將為我們打開一個知識的王國,對這個王國迄今只有神話般的描述。
    6. It is the insistence, as a first consideration, upon the interdependence of the various elements in, and parts of, the United States–a recognition of the old and permanently important manifestation of the American spirit of the pioneer.