2020考研英語:備考聽力原文精讀

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    考研英語備考很多事情都要提上日程了,看看哪些是該注意的,下面由出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)小編為你精心準(zhǔn)備了“2020考研英語:備考聽力原文精讀”,持續(xù)關(guān)注本站將可以持續(xù)獲取更多的考試資訊!
    2020考研英語:備考聽力原文精讀
    Jody Hubbard is a diet and nutrition expert who travels around the state to speak in middle and high schools. She primarily speaks to students in health classes, but sometimes the school will arrange for her to speak to several different groups of girls. Her biggest concern is the emphasis American culture places on thinness and the negative way that affects girls today. Jody has a Ph.D. in nutrition, but, more important, she has personal experience. Her mother taught her to diet when she was only 8 years old. Jody has created several different presentations, which she gives to different types of audiences and she tries to establish an emotional connection with the students so that they will feel comfortable asking questions or talking to her privately. She shows them pictures and images from popular culture of beautiful women and explains how computers are used to make the women look even more thin and "beautiful" than they are in real life. She describes how the definition of beauty has changed over the years and even from culture to culture. She then talks about health issues and the physical damage that can occur as a result of dieting. Finally, she addresses self-respect and the notion that a person's sense of beauty must include more than how much a person weighs. Sometimes Jody feels that she succeeds in persuading some students to stop dieting; other times she feels that she fails.
    一、重要單詞
    1. nutrition [nu?tr??n] n. 營養(yǎng),營養(yǎng)學(xué);營養(yǎng)品
    “nutrition”在文中指“營養(yǎng)”或“營養(yǎng)學(xué)”。認(rèn)識(shí)該單詞有利于幫助學(xué)生理解文章的核心思想。
    2. arrange [??re?nd?] v. 安排;排列;整理;協(xié)商
    該單詞作為動(dòng)詞意義較多,在本文中指“安排”。同學(xué)們需要根據(jù)不同的語境合理判斷該單詞的含義。該單詞考頻較高。
    3. emphasis [?emf?s?s] n. 重點(diǎn);強(qiáng)調(diào);加強(qiáng)語氣
    該單詞為??荚~匯。在學(xué)術(shù)性議論文中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn),往往指“強(qiáng)調(diào)”某事。注意和動(dòng)詞“emphasize”區(qū)分詞性。
    4. negative [?neɡ?t?v] adj. 負(fù)的;消極的;否定的 n. 否定;負(fù)數(shù) v. 否定;拒絕
    這個(gè)詞在文章作為形容詞“消極的”來使用的。往往形容一件事情所帶來的負(fù)面影響。
    5. affects [bu?st ] n. 感情 v. 影響;喜歡
    affects這個(gè)單詞很重要。往往可以表達(dá)一個(gè)事物所產(chǎn)生的影響。具體在文章的含義要結(jié)合語境分析。
    二、優(yōu)秀詞組
    1. more important 更加重要
    2. personal experience 個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)
    3. establish an connection with 與…建立聯(lián)系
    4. self-respect 自重,自律
    5. succeed in 成功;在…方面成功
    三、全文參考翻譯
    喬迪·哈伯德是一位飲食營養(yǎng)家,她經(jīng)常到本州各所初高中學(xué)校去做演講。最開始她是在健康課上給學(xué)生們講,但是有時(shí)候?qū)W校會(huì)安排她給幾類特殊的女學(xué)生講。她最大的擔(dān)憂是美國社會(huì)對瘦的重視以及這對現(xiàn)在女學(xué)生帶來的負(fù)面影響。喬迪獲得了營養(yǎng)學(xué)博士學(xué)位,但更重要的是她的個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)。她八歲時(shí)母親就開始讓她節(jié)食。喬迪制作了好多種不同的演講稿,分發(fā)給不同類型的觀眾,她努力和學(xué)生們建立起情感共鳴,這樣她們就可以毫無顧忌地問她問題,和她私下進(jìn)行交流了。她給學(xué)生們看時(shí)下流行女性的照片,并向她們解釋人們是如何使用電腦處理這些照片使她們看上去比實(shí)際生活中更美。她向人們解釋美的定義隨著時(shí)間推移發(fā)生了怎樣的變化,甚至各個(gè)國家的人對美的看法都不同。她還說到了節(jié)食會(huì)導(dǎo)致的健康問題和身體損傷。最后,她說到了自我尊重,并強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)人的美感遠(yuǎn)不止由其體重決定。喬迪有時(shí)候感覺自己在說服別人停止節(jié)食方面很成功,但是有時(shí)候她也會(huì)有失敗感。
    2020考研英語:聽力短文的精讀
    你永遠(yuǎn)不可能聽懂你讀不懂的文章,要解決聽力問題,首先需要解決閱讀問題,今天我們一起來精讀2017年六級聽力的一篇短文吧!
    一、聽力原文
    Psychological research shows we consistently underestimate our mental powers. If you think this does not apply to you, then here is a simple test to show you’re wrong. Write down the names of all the American states you can remember. Put the list away, and then set yourself the same task a week later. Provided you have not cheated by consulting an atlas, you will notice something rather surprising. The two lists will contain roughly the same number of states, but they will not be identical. Some names will have slipped away, but others will have replaced them. This suggests that somewhere in your mind you may well have a record of virtually every state. So it is not really your memory letting you down, just your ability to retrieve information from it.
    We would remember a lot more if we had more confidence in your memories and knew how to use them properly. One useful tip is that things are more likely to be remembered if you are in exactly the same state and place as you were when you learn them. So if you are a student who always reviews over black coffee, perhaps it would be sensible to prime yourself with a cup before the exam. If possible, you should also try to learn information in the room where it is going to be tested.
    When you learn is also important. Lots of people swear they can absorb new information more efficiently at some times of the day than at others. Research shows this is not just imagination. There is a biological rhythm for learning, though it affects different people in different ways. For most of us, the best plan is to take in new information in the morning and then try to consolidate it into memory during the afternoon. But this does not apply to everyone, so it is essential to establish your own rhythm. You can do this by learning a set number of lines of poetry at different times of the day, and see when most lines stick. When you have done this, try to organize your life so that the time set aside for learning coincides with the time when your memory is at its best.
    Avoid learning marathons—they do not make the best use of your mind. Take plenty of breaks, because they offer a double bonus: the time off gives your mind a chance to do some preliminary consolidation and it also gives a memory boost to the learning.
    二、單詞積累
    1. consistently adv. 一貫地;一致地
    2. underestimate v. 低估 (overestimate v. 高估)
    3. provided conj. 如果;假如
    4. atlas n. 地圖冊;地圖集
    5. roughly adv. 大約;大致
    6. identical adj. 完全同樣的
    7. virtually adv. 幾乎;差不多
    8. sensible adj. 明智的;理智的;合理的 (sensitive adj. 易生氣的)
    9. prime adj. 主要的;首要的 / n. 盛年 / v. 使(某人)做好準(zhǔn)備
    10. absorb v. 吸收;理解;掌握
    11. consolidate v. 使加強(qiáng);使鞏固
    12. marathon n. 馬拉松賽跑
    13. preliminary adj. 初步的;開始的
    三、詞組積累
    1. apply to 適用于;應(yīng)用于
    2. slip away 悄悄溜走
    3. retrieve from 取回;索回
    4. biological rhythm 生物節(jié)律
    5. set aside 省出;抽出
    6. coincide with 符合;與……相一致
    7. make the best use of 充分利用
    四、全文參考翻譯
    心理學(xué)研究表明,我們總是低估自己大腦的能力。如果你認(rèn)為這并不適用于你,那么這里有一個(gè)簡單的測試來證明你是錯(cuò)的。寫下你能記住的所有美國州的名字。把清單收起來,一周后再給自己設(shè)定同樣的任務(wù)。如果你沒有通過查閱地圖集作弊,你會(huì)注意到一些相當(dāng)令人驚訝的事情。這兩個(gè)列表將包含大致相同數(shù)量的州的名字,但它們并不完全相同。有些名字會(huì)被遺忘,但有其他名字來取代他們的位置。這表明,在你的腦海中,你很可能有幾乎所有州的記錄。所以并不是你的記憶讓你失望,而是你從記憶中獲取信息的能力讓你失望。
    如果我們對你的記憶有更多的信心并且知道如何正確使用它們,我們會(huì)記住更多的東西。一個(gè)有用的建議是,如果你和你在學(xué)習(xí)這件事的時(shí)候處于完全相同的狀態(tài)和位置,那么這件事就更有可能被記住。所以,如果你是一個(gè)經(jīng)常喝黑咖啡復(fù)習(xí)的學(xué)生,那么在考試前喝杯咖啡來讓自己做好準(zhǔn)備可能是明智的。如果可能的話,你也應(yīng)該試著在將要測試的房間里學(xué)習(xí)。
    什么時(shí)候?qū)W習(xí)也很重要。很多人發(fā)誓他們在一天中的某些時(shí)候比其他時(shí)候能更有效地掌握新信息。研究表明,這不僅僅是想象。學(xué)習(xí)是有生物節(jié)律的,盡管這個(gè)節(jié)律通過不同的方式影響不同的人。對我們大多數(shù)人來說,最好的計(jì)劃是在早上吸收新信息,然后在下午努力把它鞏固到記憶中。但這并不適用于每個(gè)人,所以建立自己的節(jié)奏很重要。你可以通過在一天的不同時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)幾行詩來看看什么時(shí)候大多數(shù)詩都能被記下來。當(dāng)你這樣做的時(shí)候,試著安排你的生活,以便留出學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)間與你記憶最好的時(shí)候相一致。
    避免學(xué)習(xí)馬拉松——它們不能充分利用你的頭腦。多休息,因?yàn)樾菹⒂须p重好處:休息能讓你的大腦有機(jī)會(huì)進(jìn)行一些初步的鞏固,也能提高學(xué)習(xí)的記憶力。
    2020考研英語:口語問題的表達(dá)技巧
    首先,要先確定你的目標(biāo)院校和目標(biāo)專業(yè)英語口語復(fù)試的考察形式--問答方式還是朗讀翻譯。大部分院校的大部分專業(yè)都是以問答方式為主,也就是考官提出一個(gè)問題,考生用英語進(jìn)行作答。這類形式當(dāng)中有很多??荚掝},比如自我介紹,興趣愛好,性格特征,介紹家鄉(xiāng)家庭,介紹本科院校,以及你的研究生規(guī)劃和職業(yè)規(guī)劃等。還包括很多隨機(jī)類問題,如當(dāng)今社會(huì)中出現(xiàn)的熱點(diǎn)話題以及傳統(tǒng)類話題等。那么這些話題我們應(yīng)該如何準(zhǔn)備?從哪個(gè)切入點(diǎn)進(jìn)行作答?最后又該落到什么落腳點(diǎn)上?我們就先來仔細(xì)地說一說。
    無論對于什么問題,首先,聽懂是第一步,但是考官的問題如果很長,語速又很快我們怎么能夠聽懂呢?其實(shí)我們不必把考官問題中的每個(gè)單詞都聽懂,而是能夠抓住問題中的關(guān)鍵詞即可。比如考官問題為:Would you like to say something about your family?這時(shí)我們其實(shí)只要能夠聽懂family,就知道考官問的什么了,作答方向也就確定了--介紹你的家庭。所以我們在聽問題時(shí)要學(xué)會(huì)抓取問題中的關(guān)鍵詞信息。
    那確定了問題之后,我們要從幾方面去進(jìn)行作答呢?首先,不要急于回答問題,最好先說一句“Thank you for your question.”或者“I would like to answer this question.”雖然這句話沒有什么實(shí)際的意義,但是起到了一個(gè)過渡的作用,把考官的問題和你的作答很好的連接在了一起,也可以給你幾秒鐘的時(shí)間去整理答題思路,同時(shí),考官也會(huì)覺得這名考生不會(huì)很急躁,性格比較沉穩(wěn)。在此之后,就可以正式進(jìn)入到作答環(huán)節(jié)了。在回答任何問題時(shí),要先給出考官你明確的觀點(diǎn)句。比如考官問題:What do you usually do on your weekend? 這時(shí)你要先給出你的觀點(diǎn),如:I usually read books/do some sports/go travelling. 開門見山的把你的觀點(diǎn)陳述出來。接下來就可以開始舉例子去進(jìn)行論證或者列舉原因進(jìn)行闡述,為了能夠讓大家更好的理解,我們還是以上面的愛好為例,可以舉你為什么喜歡這個(gè)愛好,這個(gè)愛好帶給你一些什么好處,比如放松身心relax my physical and mind,緩解壓力relieve the pressure等等原因都可以說。但是需要注意的一點(diǎn)就是:舉例子的時(shí)候例子一定要短小精悍,要能夠很好的證明你的觀點(diǎn)。
    接下來,也是最關(guān)鍵的一點(diǎn)就是,在舉例完畢或者原因陳述完畢之后,要把最后的落腳點(diǎn)落在考研上。比如,剛才我們舉了興趣愛好的例子,怎么能夠把回答的落腳點(diǎn)落到考研上呢?我們可以這么說:這個(gè)愛好也能夠讓我更好的投入到研究生學(xué)習(xí)當(dāng)中,能夠幫助我平衡學(xué)習(xí)上的壓力??傊罱K能夠與考研結(jié)合起來就ok了。
    最后要有明確的語言表達(dá)自己已經(jīng)回答完了這個(gè)問題,比如:That’s all,thank you for your listening.等總結(jié)性的語言即可。這樣才算是完整的將問題回答完畢。