2021考研英語:長難句翻譯語法解讀

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    2021考研英語:長難句翻譯語法解讀
    1、把握句子的整體結(jié)構,找出句子的中心內(nèi)容:
    例句1 The principle of laser is that the atoms of a crystal like the ruby crystal can be excited by strong light and can then store this light, amplify it and emit an immensely powerful beam.
    【句子分析】這個句子的主干部分是The principle of laser is that...,引導的一個表語從句,句子中的主語部分是The principle of laser, 表語從句中由四個謂語相并列構成。分別是the atoms of a crystal can be excited by strong light, can then store this light, amplify it, emit an immensely powerful beam.。弄清楚了句子的基本內(nèi)容,翻譯起來就好辦了。
    【翻譯】激光的原理是:有些晶體(如紅寶石)的原子可以受強光激發(fā),然后把這些光儲存起來,再加以放大,并射出功率強大的光束。
    2、找出句子中所的謂語結(jié)構,非謂語動詞,介詞短語和從句的從屬連詞。
    例句2 Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.
    【句子分析】例句中有五個謂語動詞,其謂語動詞依次為suggest,is raised,are,develop,experience,這五個謂語結(jié)構之間的關系為Behaviorists suggest that+clause結(jié)構是主句who is raised in an environment,where there are many stimuli,which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses是定語從句,其所修飾的先行詞分別是“child” “environment”和“stimuli”。從句中表達的主要內(nèi)容是the child will experience greater intellectual development。
    需要注意的是,漢語注重重復原則,所以定語從句修飾的內(nèi)容部分需要再次表達出來,比如在這句話中,which修飾stimuli,那么which在翻譯成漢語的過程中就要把stimuli再次翻譯出來。就是“兒童的成長環(huán)境里又有許多刺進因素,這些因素...”。
    【翻譯】行為主義者認為,如果兒童的成長環(huán)境里又許多刺激因素,這些因素又有利于其適當反應能力的發(fā)展,那么,兒童的智力就會發(fā)展到較高的水平。