考研英語有許多題目組成,方便大家及時了解,下面由出國留學網小編為你精心準備了“2021考研英語:作文范文學習方法”,持續(xù)關注本站將可以持續(xù)獲取更多的考試資訊!
2021考研英語:作文范文學習方法
集中復習某個題材后,考生就能體會出該題材范文中的一些用詞規(guī)律;對該題材的用詞進行系統(tǒng)總結后,考生就能將這些常用語用于類似題材,逐漸學會舉一反三。例如,以下詞組就經常用于與勵志題材相關的作文題目中:rest on their glory、experience unexpected setbacks、take positive view towards their life、respond to new challenges、seldom become depressed、never yield to pessimism、deal with failure rationally、display pioneering spirit、achieve spectacular success。參考這些詞匯,考生在2004年的考研英語作文題《終點就是新起點》中就可以這樣寫:
“The picture tells us that confidentyoung people should never rest on their glory. Instead, they must respond tonew challenges. Forone thing, it is important that these youngsters never become depressed,nor do they yield to pessimism. For another thing, they are supposed to displaypioneering spirit.As a result, it is possible for them to takepositive view towards their life, deal with failure rationally andachieve spectacular success.”
上述表達也同樣適用于2007年考研英語作文題《信心》,只不過考生需要根據題目有所取舍:“Thepicture tells us that confident young people should never yield to pessimism.Instead, they must take positive view towards their life. For one thing, it is importantthat these youngsters never become depressed, when they experienceunexpected setbacks. For another thing, they are expected to deal withfailure rationally and respond to new challenges.As a result, it ispossible for them to achieve spectacular success.”
上述表達也適用于2012年考研英語作文題《樂觀》:“The picture abovetells us that young people should never yield to pessimism. For one thing, they must takepositive view towards their life. For another thing, it is important thatthese people never become depressed, when they experience unexpectedsetbacks. As a result, it is possible for them to deal withfailure, display pioneering spirit and achieve spectacular success.”
在以上三段文字中,同樣的詞組在文章中出現(xiàn)的順序有所不同,但用法比較一致,由此寫出的文章在內容上談不上精彩,但比較像考生的臨場發(fā)揮。它們一般通俗易懂,內容上基本切題,語法拼寫錯誤相對較少。對照考研英語寫作的五項評分標準(拼寫、語法、標點、切題、流暢性),這樣的作文基本合格,雖然文字不算優(yōu)美,內容談不上思想深刻,但也能得到一個令人滿意的分數(shù)。
2021考研英語:寫作文本通用技巧(2)
(二) 便箋寫作(Note Writing)
便箋也是一種簡單的書信,經常用于朋友、同事和家人之間臨時有事相告而又無法與對方面談的場合。便箋通常可以表達通知、請求和留言等內容。便箋通常包括日期、稱呼、正文、署名四個部分。
(1)日期。一般只寫星期幾或幾月幾號,必要時也可寫上某天的上下午和鐘點,由于便箋所涉及內容多為當日或近日要辦的事,因此年份則完全不必要了。
(2)稱呼。可以直接用姓和名,如:Smith(姓),John(名),Wang,Weifang;也可用頭銜加姓,如:Mr. Smith,Prof. Lin等。
(3)正文。用詞要通俗,開門見山,簡短扼要。
(4)署名。非常熟悉的人之間,只寫上姓或名即可。否則,要寫上留條人的姓和名。
從上面可以看出,便箋寫作(Note Writing)實際上與書信寫作(Letter Writing)大致相似,但有三點主要不同:
1. 便箋較隨便,因此語氣通常更輕松,格式和語言都是如此。
2. 通常便箋較短,應言簡意賅,這意味著你必須略去冗余信息。
3. 便箋寫起來往往更具個性化,通常語言更接近口語,更直接。
例如:
May 14th
Dear Miss Stone,
I’m really sorry that I shall not be able to attend class today. I have got a fever of 39℃. Enclosed please find a certificate from the doctor of our college which says I must stay in bed for three days.
I’ll resume my studies as soon as I feel better.
Sincerely yours,
Li Ming
樣 題:
Directions:
You are late for an appointment with a professor. You also have books that are due at the library in a few hours. Write a note to your roommate asking if she could return the books for you. In return for the favor, offer to buy her lunch.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
范文:
Dear Jane,
I have a big favor to ask you. I am late for my appointment with Professor Jones, and need to go directly to his office. I also have two books that are due back at the library this evening. As I will not be able to get to the library before it closes, I was wondering if you would possibly have the time to return the books for me.
I realize this is a big favor to ask of you, as you are also very busy. In return for help, I would like to buy you lunch tomorrow. Thanks in advance!
譯文:
親愛的簡,
我要請你幫個大忙。我與瓊斯教授有個約會,現(xiàn)在已經晚了,我得直接去他的辦公室??晌疫€有兩本書要還圖書館,今晚就到期了。我可能在圖書館關門之前趕不到那里,所以我想知道你能否有時間幫我還。
我知道你也很忙,這可真太麻煩你了。為了感謝你幫忙,我明天請你吃午飯吧。謝謝!
(三)備忘錄寫作(Memo Writing)
備忘錄是一種正式的專業(yè)文件。它結構清晰、閱讀方便、傳遞迅速,經常為公司或團體所使用。
大多數(shù)備忘錄的特點是簡明扼要,但它們同時也應具備優(yōu)秀應用文的其他寫作原則:面向你的讀者,表達清楚且準確。
備忘錄通常提出請求或發(fā)布人們對某個具體問題的迅速反應。備忘錄簡潔短小,各部分題目雖然看上去有些唐突,但它們可以使讀者對事情有個大致了解并快速做出反應。
備忘錄通常要發(fā)送、張貼、轉寄,也就是說它們要迅速送到很多人手里。粗心就會出錯,其影響會迅速擴大,因為為了糾正錯誤人們往往會寫更多的備忘錄。備忘 錄也要歸檔,這意味著它們將來有一天還會糾纏你。事實上“memo”來自于拉丁語“memorandum”,意思是“必須記住的東西”。
備忘錄的常見格式
備忘錄書端(Header):書端是寫在備忘錄開頭的壓縮信息。情況不同,書端的格式可能不同,但是通常應采用下面這種格式。
Date: January 24, 1998
To: F. Prefect
From: A. Dent
Subject: My Suggested Revisions to the Local Demolition Schedule
日期:1998年1月24日
致: F. 普里費科特
自: A. 鄧特
事由:關于地方拆除計劃的建議修訂案
日期:要采用正式的全部拼寫。在有些國家,“12/01/98”是指“1998年12月1日”,而在其他國家卻是“1998年1月12日”。
致和自:通常,省去諸如“教授”或“先生”這類頭銜?!白裕骸焙竺鎸懩忝值氖鬃帜复髮懀缓蠼幽愕男?。
事由:要具體。
備忘錄目的(Purpose):闡明寫作原因。采用回答記者問題的方式,回答:who,what,when,where and why。
例如:
Memo
To: see Distribution
From: Richard Smith, secretary
Date: July 15, 2002
SUBJECT: EXECUTIVES’ ROUNDTABLE MEETING NOTICE
There will be a meeting of all members of the Executives’ Roundtable on Thursday, July 25, 2002 at 11 a.m. in the Beacon Room of the Tower in Chicago.
Luncheon will be served at 12?15p.m.. If you cannot be with us, please call 247—9521 no later than July 23.
An agenda is enclosed. Also, you will find a map with complete travel directions and a description of the parking facilities at the Tower Building.
It will be a pleasure to welcome all members to this important planning session of our organization.
Richard Smith
Distribution: Ms. Alt
Ms. Rasmusson
Ms. Walden
Messrs: Anderson
Timkins
Graham
樣 題:
Directions:
You are an active member of the student newspaper. The newspaper is currently looking for a journalist for the summer semester. Write a memo that will appear in the newspaper next week describing the position available.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
范文:
Date: August 10, 2005
To: All students
From: A. Buttle
Subject: Journalist Position Available for the Summer Semester
The student newspaper is currently looking for a journalist for the summer semester. Applicants should currently be studying at the university, and should preferably have at least two years’ writing experience.
The successful applicant will be expected to write two articles every week on happenings in the city and on campus. The position will commence at the end of May and will last through to the end of August. The salary for the position is negotiable and will be based on experience. If you are interested, please send your resume to the campus newspaper office.
譯文:
日期:2005年8月10日
致: 全體學生
自: A. 巴特爾
事由:夏季學期記者招聘
學生報正在招聘夏季學期的記者。條件是應聘人應是本校的在校生,最好至少有兩年的寫作經驗。
被聘者將每周寫兩篇關于這個城市和校園的報道。工作是從五月底開始,一直持續(xù)到八月底。工資待議,且會以其經歷為依據。感興趣者,請把你的簡歷寄到學校報社。
2021考研英語:寫作文本通用技巧(3)
三、應用文的寫作方法、特點
碩士研究生入學英語考試中的應用文寫作一般也遵循了三段式的寫法:第一段表明作者寫信的緣由第二段詳細介紹具體情況第三段根據不同種類的信件運用不同的結尾客套語。和短文寫作比較起來,它對于語法結構和詞匯多樣性的要求相對較低,因為應用文寫作更注重信息點的覆蓋和內容的組織、語言的準確性、格式和語域的恰當。簡而言之,應用文重要的是把“事情”說明白,而不是要把文章寫得多么優(yōu)美。新贈作文要求寫100字左右應用性短文,應用性短文通常包括各種信函、簡歷、便條、備忘錄等,筆者認為考生準備重點應在各種信函。信函主要有:求職信、投訴信、邀請信、訂購信、詢問信、感謝信、道歉信、推薦信等八種,而在這八種信函中前五種是重點的重點。 由于這是一篇小作文所以要求100字左右,難度相對于六級還低??忌灰煜ひ恍┏S?#39;經典'句型,便可在短時間一揮而就。比如求職信開篇的一個'黃金'句型:I am responding to your advertisement in China Daily on January 10th, 2003, which invites applications for interpreters. Enclosed with this letter is my resume which details my background. 又如此類信件結束的一個'鉆石'句型:I shall be much obliged if you will afford me an opportunity for an interview, and I appreciate a response from at your earliest convenience.考生再少加發(fā)揮,在二段設置幾個'亮點',一篇得分文章就由此'誕生'了。雖然短信好寫,還是建議考生參考一些寫作書中關于應用文的介紹,了解模式,熟悉套話。畢竟也是書面語語體,要注意語言正式、詞匯多變,如前面提到了reference books, 后面不妨修改成reference (reading) materials。還要保留一些客氣禮貌的用語,如I do appreciate your kind consideration to my request或I am grateful to your kind assistance.另外,千萬不要把前面的提示語(情景說明)照搬到自己的作文中用來湊字數(shù),要利用同義詞、同義表達加以改造,否則會有抄襲之嫌。下面歸納五大信函寫作策略:
1. 求職信
開頭段:表明信息來源,說明寫作意圖。
主體段:介紹自己相關的工作經歷、學習經歷,以此證明你能勝任這個職位。
2. 投訴信
開頭段: 說明與收信人的相關性,點明你寫作的意圖。
主體段: 寫明投訴的原因,要展開說明,或者講具體理由,或者談問題的具體體現(xiàn)方式。
結束段:表達你希望上述問題得到盡快解決的強烈愿望,并對有關人員做出的努力表示感謝。
3. 邀請信
開頭段:表明寫作意圖,向某人發(fā)出邀請。
主體段:說明邀請的具體原因,邀請的內容。
結束段:表明強烈的期盼,并希望盡快得到答復。
4. 訂購信
開頭段: 開篇點出寫信的目的,定購你要的東西。
主體段: 詳細說明你訂購貨物的規(guī)格、大小、顏色、尺寸等。
結束段:表示對方回函以便確認。
5. 詢問信
開頭段: 明確寫信的目的,說明寫這封信的目的是尋求某信息或幫助。
主體段:詢問具體問題,強調所需信息的重要性。
結束段:表達獲取信息的強烈愿望,提供聯(lián)系方式以便收信人與你聯(lián)系,并對有關人員表示感謝。
總體來說新增小作文有規(guī)律可循,只要多加練習就能自如應付。
(二)大綱樣題詳解
Directions:
You are preparing for an English test and are in need of some reference books. Write a letter to the sales department of a bookstore to ask for:
1) detailed information about the books you want,
2) methods of payment,
3) time and way of delivery.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.
范文
Dear Sir/Madam
I am writing to express my interest in purchasing several titles from your bookstore. The books that I would like to buy are A Students' Guide to Correct English Usage by Edwin James, and A College Dictionary for Advanced English by John Black. Could you let me know how much these books will cost? Which methods of payment does your store accept? Can you deliver them by express mail? How long will it take the books to reach me? If possible, I would like to pay by check and have the books sent directly to my dorm. Many thanks for any assistance you are able to provide.
Yours Sincerely,
Li Ming
(Word Count: 113 words)
這篇文章共113個詞,符合字數(shù)標準。下面依據評分標準的五個方面,分析得分的關鍵。
●是否包含所有內容要點?題目要求信中必須提到三點:1)要買的書的詳細信息。信息包含兩個方面:提供給書店的信息和從書店索取的信息。范文的第二句話列出了兩本書的題目和作者,給書店提供了明確充分的信息。第三句話向書店詢價,以便決定是否購買。這里,書名的寫法也是考點之一。在印刷品中,書名用斜體,而在手寫稿中,為了便于區(qū)分,書名用下劃線突出。2)付款方式。范文第四句話分別詢問書的價格和付款方式。methods of payment這幾個詞在題目中出現(xiàn)過,這樣寫是允許的,但不能使用提示語中出現(xiàn)過的詞組或句子,否則會被扣分。3)配送所需時間和方式。這兩點在范文的第五、六句話中都已提及??梢?,范文包含了所有的內容要點。
●是否使用豐富的語法結構和詞匯?即考查句型和詞匯的靈活使用,強調變化,切忌單調、重復。先看句型,粗粗一看,沒有簡單重復。雖然連續(xù)提出的四個問題中,第一和第三個語法結構差不多,分別是Could you...,Can you...,但用了不同的詞,避免單調。這封信里出現(xiàn)次數(shù)最多的詞是book,作者很用心,在第一句中就用了大多數(shù)同學不會想到的一個詞:title,它除了“題目,標題”的常用意思之外,還可以表示“(書刊等的)一種,一本”。第一句話的用詞就與眾不同,會給考官一個很好的第一印象。另一個使用頻率高的詞是buy,文章同樣采用了先聲奪人的做法,第一句用了purchase這個稍有難度的詞。在提到配送方式時,用了deliver和send兩個詞,避免重復。在語法結構和詞匯的豐富性方面,文章做得也不錯。
●語言是否自然流暢,是否有語法錯誤?總體而言,范文讀起來很流暢,幾乎沒有語法錯誤,唯一的錯誤就是在稱呼后面缺少逗號。
●是否采用了多種銜接手法,文字是否連貫,層次是否清晰?由于內容的關系,這封信沒有使用諸如and,but,however之類的連接詞,但讀起來仍然很連貫,因為用了另一種銜接手法,用“書”串起全文。第一句:purchasing several titles,第二句:the books that I would like to buy,第三句:these books第一次提過之后,就用不同的定冠詞來特指這些書。層次也很清晰,首先說明寫信的意圖,然后按照提示語的順序層層展開。
●格式和語域是否恰當貼切?應用文的格式是考查的一個重點。書信的格式包括以下幾個要素:1)稱呼。因為這封信是給書店銷售部的,并不知道收信人是男士還是女士,所以寫Dear Sir/Madam,后面應該有“,”。2)正文。寫作有兩種基本格式:縮進式和齊頭式。縮進式每段開頭空四個字母,段與段之間不空行齊頭式每段開頭頂格,段與段之間空一行。在考試中,建議考生使用齊頭式,目前多數(shù)商務書信或正式的書信都采用這種格式。這封信就是用齊頭式。3)落款。Yours sincerely是最常用的落款,適用各種關系的人之間。語域是指在書面和口語表達中根據不同的交際對象所采用的話語方式,即正式、一般及非正式體。對于書信而言,要根據收信人身份判斷所采用的話語方式。如果是寒暑假時同學間的書信,就要用非正式體。這封信應該用正式體,范文中的稱呼和落款都體現(xiàn)了這一點。另外,范文所用的一些句型也采用了正式體,例如:I am writing to express my interest in ...,Many thanks for any assistance you are able to provide. 需要提醒考生注意的是落款的姓名應與稱呼相對應,寫給一個機構的信,落款應當是全名,如果是寫給關系密切的人,只寫名字就可以,但一般會在前面加上祝福語,常用的有:Best regards,Best wishes,或With lots of love,寫給機構和關系不密切的人不必用祝福語。

