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2021考研英語(yǔ):語(yǔ)法長(zhǎng)難句的表達(dá)解析(1)
The researchers’ argument stems from a simple observation about social influence: With the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey&mdashwhose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence&mdasheven the most influential members of a population simply don’t interact with that many others.
一、長(zhǎng)難句解析
主干識(shí)別:
1. The researchers’ argument stems from a simple observation about social influence:
研究者的觀點(diǎn)源自于對(duì)社會(huì)影響的簡(jiǎn)單觀察:
2. even the most influential members of a population simply don’t interact with that many others
即使是一個(gè)人群中最有影響力的成員也不會(huì)與那么多的人進(jìn)行互動(dòng)
其他成分: With the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey 狀語(yǔ)
&mdashwhose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence&mdash 定語(yǔ)從句做插入語(yǔ)
奧普拉非凡的存在主要是一個(gè)媒體功能的影響,而不是人際關(guān)系的影響
二、參考譯文
研究者的觀點(diǎn)源自于對(duì)社會(huì)影響的簡(jiǎn)單觀察:除了個(gè)別像奧普拉.溫弗瑞這樣的名人,即使是一個(gè)人群中最有影響力的成員也不會(huì)與那么多的人進(jìn)行互動(dòng)。而奧普拉非凡的存在主要是一個(gè)媒體功能的影響,而不是人際關(guān)系的影響。
2021考研英語(yǔ):閱讀理解的短語(yǔ)總結(jié)
1. abide by(=be faithful to obey)忠于遵守。
2. be absent from…. 缺席,不在
3. absence or mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉
4. absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引…的注意力(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)):be absorbed in 全神貫注于…近:be engrossed in be lost in be rapt in be concentrated on be focused on be centered on
5. (be) abundant in(be rich in be well supplied with) 富于,富有
6. access(to) (不可數(shù)名詞) 能接近,進(jìn)入,了解
7. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外. Without accident(=safely) 安全地,
8. of one’s own accord(=without being asked willingly freely)自愿地 ,主動(dòng)地
9. in accord with 與…一致 . out of one’s accord with 同….不一致
10. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地
11. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照,根據(jù)
12. on one’s own account 1) 為了某人的緣故, 為了某人自己的利益 2)(=at one’s own risk) 自行負(fù)責(zé) 3)(=by oneself)依靠自己 on account 賒賬 on account of 因?yàn)?on no account不論什么原因也不of …account 有…..重要性.
13. take…into account(=consider)把...考慮進(jìn)去
14. give sb. an account of 說(shuō)明, 解釋 (理由)
15. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解釋, 說(shuō)明.
16. on account of (=because of) 由于,因?yàn)?
17. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)絕不要,無(wú)論如何不要(放句首時(shí)句子要倒裝)
18. accuse…of…(=charge…with blame sb. for sth. blame sth. on sb. complain about) 指控,控告
19. be accustomed to (=be in the habit of, be used to)習(xí)慣于.
20. be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解 (=to have met socially) 熟悉
21. act on 奉行,按照…行動(dòng) act as 扮演 act for 代理
22. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己適應(yīng)于
23. adapt…(for) (=make sth. Suitable for a new need) 改編, 改寫(xiě)(以適應(yīng)新的需要)
24. in addition (=besides) 此外, 又, 加之
25. in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除…外
26. adhere to (=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, persist in, observe, opinion, belief ) 粘附 堅(jiān)持, 遵循
27. adjacent(=next to, close to) 毗鄰的, 臨近的
28. adjust..(to) (=change slightly)調(diào)節(jié) 適應(yīng)
29. admit of (=be capable of, leave room for) …的可能,留有…的余地.
30. in advance (before in time) 預(yù)告, 事先.
31. to advantage 有利的,使優(yōu)點(diǎn)更加突出地.
32. have an advantage over 勝過(guò). have the advantage of 由于…處于有利條件 have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事
33. take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness)利用.
34. agree with 贊同(某人意見(jiàn)) agree to 同意
35. in agreement (with) 同意, 一致
36. ahead of 在…之前, 超過(guò)………………. ahead of time 提前.
37. in the air 1)不肯定, 不具體. 2)在謠傳中.
38. above all (=especially, most important of all) 尤其是, 重要的.
39. in all (=counting everyone or everything, altogether) 總共, 總計(jì)
40. after all 畢竟,到底 (not) at all 一點(diǎn)也不 all at once(=suddenly)突然 once and for all 只此一次 above all 重要的 first of all 首先 all in all 大體上說(shuō) be all in 累極了 all but 幾乎.
41. allow for (=take into consideration, take into account) 考慮到, 估計(jì)到.
42. amount to (=to be equal to) 總計(jì), 等于.
43. answer for (undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for) 對(duì)…負(fù)責(zé).
44. answer to (=conform to) 適合,符合.
45. be anxious about 為…焦急不安 或anxious for
46. apologize to sb. for sth. 為…向…道歉
47. appeal to sb. for sth. 為某事向某人呼吁. appeal to sb. 對(duì)某人有吸引力
48. apply to sb. for sth. 為…向…申請(qǐng) apply for申請(qǐng) apply to 適用.
49. apply to 與…有關(guān)適用
50. approve of (=consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree to, consider good, right) 贊成, approve vt. 批準(zhǔn)
2021考研英語(yǔ):部分倒裝的語(yǔ)法句型
部分倒裝就是把謂語(yǔ)的一部分提到主語(yǔ)前面。那這個(gè)謂語(yǔ)的一部分指的是什么呢?它指的是謂語(yǔ)的助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)詞。也就是說(shuō)部分倒裝指的是把助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)詞放到主語(yǔ)的前面。但是有的句子它沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)詞,那怎么辦呢?如果句子中謂語(yǔ)沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)詞,那這個(gè)時(shí)候咱們則需要添加助動(dòng)詞do/does/did,并將其置于主語(yǔ)之前,最后就會(huì)變成助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞。
那另一個(gè)問(wèn)題來(lái)了,什么時(shí)候用部分倒裝呢?或者部分倒裝出現(xiàn)之后,你能快速的識(shí)別出來(lái)嗎?怎么去理解它呢?先來(lái)解決第一個(gè)問(wèn)題,什么時(shí)候用部分倒裝?
1、當(dāng)否定副詞或者具有否定意義的副詞或短語(yǔ),如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,at no time,in no way,by no means,not until等置于句首時(shí),則出現(xiàn)部分倒裝。
1)Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
翻譯:直到孩子入睡了,媽媽才離開(kāi)這個(gè)房間。
解析:在這句話中,否定副詞位于句首了。所以要引起部分倒裝,這個(gè)部分倒裝說(shuō)的是主倒從補(bǔ)刀,not until引導(dǎo)的句子肯定是從句,那這個(gè)從句是不倒裝的。主句需要倒裝。即主倒從不倒。
2)Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
翻譯:她一出去,學(xué)生就來(lái)拜訪她了。
解析:在這句話中hardly也表示否定的含義。其實(shí)這里存在一個(gè)固定搭配就是hardly....when 表示“一.....就”。在這句話中也是主倒從不倒。
3)Little did I realize that one day Michael would become famous.
翻譯:我從未意識(shí)到有一天邁克爾會(huì)出名。
解析:在這句話little是一個(gè)否定詞,位于句首,要引起部分倒裝,主倒從不倒。
2、“only+狀語(yǔ)”置于句首,出現(xiàn)部分倒裝
1)only then did I realize the value of reading aloud every morning.
翻譯:只有我意識(shí)到每天早晨大聲朗讀的意義。
解析:在這句話中only+then狀語(yǔ)出現(xiàn)在句首了,所以主句中要出現(xiàn)倒裝。所以才出現(xiàn)了助動(dòng)詞did 出現(xiàn)在主語(yǔ)I前面了。
2)only by means of cultural exchange can we avoid misunderstanding each other.
翻譯:只有經(jīng)過(guò)文化交流,我們才可以避免誤解彼此。
解析:在這句話中only+狀語(yǔ)放于句首了。所以主句中要出現(xiàn)倒裝,把情態(tài)詞can 置于主語(yǔ)we 前面。