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2021考研英語：長難句的專項練習(xí)18
It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.
一、詞匯突破
auditors 審計人員
distract 分散注意力
二、主干識別
It is entirely reasonable to believe that +賓語從句. 形式主語從句
三、其他成分
for auditors 狀語;scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.賓語從句。
四、微觀解析
scientists should not be distracted 賓語從句主干;who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there 定語從句修飾scientist;where they are going and how they will get there定語從句中know的賓語從句;by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.狀語;of keeping one eye on the cash register修飾the necessity 作定語。while the other eye is on the microscope狀語修飾keeping。
五、難點揭秘
主語從句中出現(xiàn)定語從句，定語從句中出現(xiàn)并列的賓語這樣隔離的障礙就更為顯著了。
六、譯文賞析
審查者完全有理由相信，知道自己準(zhǔn)備做什么、怎么做的科學(xué)家不應(yīng)該因為必須一只眼盯著收銀機，另一只眼盯著顯微鏡而分散了注意力。
七、翻譯點撥
by短語在句子中是充當(dāng)狀語，翻譯為原因，where they are going and how they will get there處理為知道做什么，知道怎么做，這樣的表達符合中文的習(xí)慣。如果直接翻譯為：知道他們要去哪里和怎么去，就是對于字面含義的翻譯。屬于死譯。
2021考研英語：長難句的專項練習(xí)19
Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools.
一、詞匯突破
hypocritical 虛偽的;
spectacles 景象
ample 充足的
radical 激進的，根本的
journalist 記者，新聞工作者
advocate 支持
participatory democracy 參與制民主
enrolled in 注冊入學(xué)，入伍
二、主干識別
we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles 主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的被動態(tài)
三、其他成分
which now more than ever seem in ample supply 定語從句修飾spectacles;“：”之后列出三種虛偽的景象的代表人物，舉例說明。
四、微觀解析
定語從句還原為一個完整的句子：The spectacles now more than ever seem in ample supply.其主干為：The spectacles seem in ample supply;now more than ever為狀語。代表人物一 the critic of American materialism(美國物質(zhì)主義的批評者) with a Southampton summer home;(其擁有南安普頓的避暑山莊);代表人物二 the publisher of radical books(激進書刊的出版者)who takes his meals in three-star restaurants，定語從句講他們卻在三星級酒店就餐(因為激進主義者往往是最求生活極簡的);代表人物三 the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life(支持在人生的各個階段推崇參與制民主的記者)whose own children are enrolled in private schools定語從句講他們自己的孩子卻在私立學(xué)校上學(xué)(私立學(xué)校的教育是精英制的，而參與制民主是需要和大眾貼近的)。
五、難點揭秘
冒號后并列的三個部分就是三個名詞后面接上比較長的定語修飾，這樣就造成了閱讀的困難;
六、譯文賞析
相反，我們看到了這些非常虛偽的景象，他們似乎比以前的任何時候都更多見：批判美國式物質(zhì)主義的人卻擁有位于南安普頓的避暑山莊：激進書籍的出版商卻在三星級餐廳享用一日三餐;倡導(dǎo)在人生各個階段實施參與式民主的記者，他的子女卻就讀于私立學(xué)校。
七、翻譯點撥
we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles如果直接翻譯那就是：我們被招待了很好的虛偽景象;這樣的說法并不符合中文的習(xí)慣，中文是多主動，英語多被動，因此句子轉(zhuǎn)譯為：我們看到了這些非常虛偽的景象fine 處理為非常。
2021考研英語：長難句的專項練習(xí)21
The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon.com, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers.
一、詞匯突破
interactivity 互動性
hospitality 友好性
security 安全性
二、主干識別
The examples show that…+賓語從句;主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)
三、其他成分
of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon.com, and other pioneers作example的同位語;我們把其看作為：A of B 的結(jié)構(gòu)，A為上義詞，B 為下義詞，這樣在翻譯的處理中我們不需要生硬的翻譯為“……的例子”;a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers.賓語從句
四、微觀解析
selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security現(xiàn)在分詞短語修飾a web site; 賓語從句主干為：a Web site will attract online customers.
五、難點揭秘
由于出現(xiàn)并列使得主語和謂語之間出現(xiàn)了較長的修飾，產(chǎn)生隔離，在賓語從句的后置定語中也出現(xiàn)并列產(chǎn)生隔離，這樣了產(chǎn)生了隔離。
六、譯文賞析
像Virtual Vineyards，Amazon.com這樣的先驅(qū)網(wǎng)站表明，一個將交互性、服務(wù)性和安全性合理結(jié)合，且銷售正確產(chǎn)品的網(wǎng)站是可以吸引來網(wǎng)上客戶的。
七、翻譯點撥
賓語從句單獨成句; 在翻譯example of…的時候翻譯為“像……”。