托福作文 成績(jī)低是怎么回事

字號(hào):


     很多同學(xué)在托福寫作中,寫的滿滿的,自以為自己是天才,文章已經(jīng)寫得足夠優(yōu)秀,卻不料成績(jī)出來卻是如此的慘不忍睹,那就讓我們一起來看看是何緣由。
    不一致(Disagreements)
    所謂不一致不光指主謂不一致,它還包括了數(shù)的不一致時(shí)態(tài)不一致及代詞不一致等。
    例1. When one have money ,he can do what he want to 。
    (人一旦有了錢,他就能想干什么就干什么。)剖析:one是單數(shù)第三人稱,因而本句的have應(yīng)改為has ;同理,want應(yīng)改為wants。本句是典型的主謂不一致。
    改為:Once one has money ,he can do what he wants (to do)
    修飾語(yǔ)錯(cuò)位(Misplaced Modifiers)
    英語(yǔ)與漢語(yǔ)不同,同一個(gè)修飾語(yǔ)置于句子不同的位置,句子的含義可能引起變化。對(duì)于這一點(diǎn)中國(guó)學(xué)生往往沒有引起足夠的重視,因而造成了不必要的誤解。例1. I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus。
    剖析:better位置不當(dāng),應(yīng)置于句末。
    句子不完整(Sentence Fragments)
    在口語(yǔ)中,交際雙方可借助手勢(shì)語(yǔ)氣上下文等,不完整的句子完全可以被理解??墒怯迷谕懈懽髦械臅嬲Z(yǔ)就不同了,句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整會(huì)令意思表達(dá)不清,這種情況常常發(fā)生在主句寫完以后,筆者又想加些補(bǔ)充說明時(shí)發(fā)生。
    例1. There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on 。
    剖析:本句后半部分“for example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on 。”不是一個(gè)完整的句子,僅為一些不連貫的詞語(yǔ),不能獨(dú)立成句。
    改為:There are many ways to know society ,for example ,by TV ,radio ,and newspaper。
    懸垂修飾語(yǔ)(Dangling Modifiers)
    所謂懸垂修飾語(yǔ)是指句首的短語(yǔ)與后面句子的邏輯關(guān)系混亂不清。例如:At the age of ten, my grandfather died. 這句中“at the age of ten”只點(diǎn)出十歲時(shí),但沒有說明“ 誰(shuí)”十歲時(shí)。按一般推理不可能是my grandfather, 如果我們把這個(gè)懸垂修飾語(yǔ)改明確一點(diǎn),全句就不那么費(fèi)解了。
    改為:
    When I was ten, my grandfather died。
    例1. To do well in college, good grades are essential。
    剖析:句中不定式短語(yǔ) “to do well in college” 的邏輯主語(yǔ)不清楚。
    改為:
    To do well in college, a student needs good grades。
    詞性誤用(Misuse of Parts of Speech)
    “詞性誤用”常表現(xiàn)為:介詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞用;形容詞當(dāng)副詞用;名詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞用等。
    例1. None can negative the importance of money。
    剖析:negative 系形容詞,誤作動(dòng)詞。
    改為:
    None can deny the importance of money。
    指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns)
    指代不清主要講的是代詞與被指代的人或物關(guān)系不清,或者先后所用的代詞不一致。試看下面這一句:
    Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid。
    (瑪麗和我姐姐很要好,因?yàn)樗鏊陌槟铩?讀完上面這一句話,讀者無法明確地判斷兩位姑娘中誰(shuí)將結(jié)婚,誰(shuí)將當(dāng)伴娘。如果我們?cè)谕懈懽髦邪岩子谝鹫`解的代詞的所指對(duì)象加以明確,意思就一目了然了。這個(gè)句子可改為:
    Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid。
    例1. And we can also know the society by serving it yourself。
    剖析:句中人稱代詞we 和反身代詞yourself指代不一致。
    改為:
    We can also know society by serving it ourselves。
    不間斷句子(Run-on Sentences)
    什么叫run-on sentence?請(qǐng)看下面的例句。
    例1. There are many ways we get to know the outside world。
    剖析:這個(gè)句子包含了兩層完整的意思:“There are many ways。” 以及“We get to know the outside world。”。簡(jiǎn)單地把它們連在一起就不妥當(dāng)了。
    改為:
    There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或:
    There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world。
    以上托福寫作幾種情況,在大家有目共睹的情況下誕生了,不知你是否犯過同樣低級(jí)的托福寫作錯(cuò)誤呢,為了跟上我們21世紀(jì),我們還是走上高級(jí)的人生,避免哪些低級(jí)error吧。