細(xì)解托福詞匯之many和much

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    細(xì)解托福詞匯之many和much
    manyy和much
    many(形容詞)用在可數(shù)名詞之前。
    much(形容詞)用在不可數(shù)名詞之前。
    He didn't make many mistakes.
    他沒犯多少錯。
    We haven't much coffee.
    家里的咖啡不多了。
    many和much的比較級和最高級形式相同,都是more和most:
    more mistakes/coffee更多的錯誤/咖啡
    most men/damage 幾乎全部的男士/幾乎所有的損害
    many,much,more,most可作代詞使用:
    He gets a lot of letters but she doesn't get many.
    他收到的信很多,可她的信不多。
    You have a lot of free time but I haven't much.
    你有許多空閑時間,可我沒有。
    more和most的用法較靈活,many和much在否定動詞后面用得比較多(見上文的例子),但many和much在肯定動詞和疑問動詞后用法較受限制。
    many和much與肯定動詞連用
    many前加上a good/great時可與肯定動詞連用。many與much用so/as/too修飾時也可以與肯定動詞連用。
    I made a good many friends there.
    我在那里交了許多朋友。
    He has had so many jobs that.
    他做過了這么多種工作,以致……
    She read as much as she could.
    她盡量多讀書。
    They drink too much(gin).
    他們(杜松子酒)喝得太多了。
    many是賓語或賓語的一部分而前面不加任何修飾語時,常常被 a lot/lots of(+名詞)或a lot,lots(代詞)代替。much是賓語或賓語的一部分時常常被a great/good deal of(+名詞)或agreat/good deal(代詞)代替:
    I saw a lot/lots of seabirds.I expect you saw a lot too.
    我看到了許多海鳥。想必你也看到了許多。
    He spends a lot/lots of/a great deal of money on his house.
    他在房子上花很多錢。
    既可以用many也可以用a lot(of)作主語或作主語的一部分,
    但這里的much通常由其他形式代替。
    但much在正規(guī)英語中是允許這樣用的:
    Much will depend on what the minister says.
    很多事要取決于部長怎么說。
    試將肯定句和否定句作一比較:
    He hasn't won many races.
    他沒有贏過幾次比賽。
    You've won a lot/lots of races./You've won a lot./You've won a greatmany(races).
    你贏過多次比賽。
    He didn't eat much fruit.
    他沒有吃多少水果。
    She ate a lot/lots/a great deal of fruit./She ate a lot/a great deal.
    她吃了大量的水果。
    many和much與疑問動詞連用
    兩者前都可加how:
    How many times?
    多少次?
    How much?
    多少?
    在不用how的問句中,many也可使用。如預(yù)期得到的是肯定的回答,則最好使用a lot(of):
    Did you take a lot of photos?I expect you did.
    你拍了許多照片嗎?我想你拍了。
    用much時不加how是可行的,但其他的幾種用法更常見:
    Did you have a lot of snow/much snow last year?
    去年你們那兒雪下得多嗎?
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