為了幫助考生們更好地備考托福，出國(guó)留學(xué)網(wǎng)托福欄目為大家?guī)?lái)“實(shí)例講解托福閱讀如何快速抓準(zhǔn)關(guān)鍵信息”，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助哦!
托福閱讀中，什么叫做關(guān)鍵信息?當(dāng)然是題目中提問(wèn)到的信息了，這個(gè)回答可能有點(diǎn)簡(jiǎn)單粗暴，但事實(shí)就是如此，我們從題型方面分析的話，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵信息的考察相關(guān)的題型還是比較多的，如事實(shí)信息題，否定事實(shí)信息題，推理題等，而且往往很多高分段的同學(xué)到最后錯(cuò)的往往還是細(xì)節(jié)信息相關(guān)的題型，面對(duì)這一類題型，我們?cè)撊绾稳タ焖佾@取我們需要的關(guān)鍵信息呢?接下來(lái)分享一些關(guān)鍵信息的定位和識(shí)別方法。
在介紹獲取關(guān)鍵信息的方法之前，我們需要先來(lái)了解一下閱讀中細(xì)節(jié)信息相關(guān)題目的總體出題思路，或者說(shuō)他的套路，第一步，會(huì)根據(jù)原文1-2句話設(shè)置正確選項(xiàng)，第二步，一般會(huì)對(duì)這個(gè)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行同義改寫，最后再在出題處周圍設(shè)置干擾選項(xiàng)，很多同學(xué)看到第一步就很激動(dòng)了，那我們的解題方法不是就很簡(jiǎn)單了嗎?直接找到原文的那一兩句話就好了，這個(gè)思路是非常正確的，但前提是要找的到才行，選項(xiàng)是會(huì)對(duì)原文進(jìn)行同義改寫的，那怎么辦呢?信息還是要定位的，我們只能在選擇定位詞的時(shí)候選擇那些最不容易被改寫掉的詞，于是就有了以下這個(gè)選取定位詞的順序：特殊標(biāo)志詞優(yōu)先于名詞，名詞優(yōu)先于動(dòng)詞和形容詞，比如下面這個(gè)題目：
Livestock also came from outside Africa. Cattle were introduced from Asia, as probably were domestic sheep and goats. Horses were apparently introduced by the Hyksos invaders of Egypt (1780-1560 B.C.) and then spread across the Sudan to West Africa. Rock paintings in the Sahara indicate that horses and chariots were used to traverse the desert and that by 300-200 B.C., there were trade routes across the Sahara. Horses were adopted by peoples of the West African savannah, and later their powerful cavalry forces allowed them to carve out large empires. Finally, the camel was introduced around the first century A.D. This was an important innovation, because the camel’s abilities to thrive in harsh desert conditions and to carry large loads cheaply made it an effective and efficient means of transportation. The camel transformed the desert from a barrier into a still difficult, but more accessible, route of trade and communication.
According to paragraph 2,camels were important because they
A were the first domesticated animal to be introduced to Africa
B allowed the people of the West African savannahs to carve out large empires
C helped African peoples defend themselves against Egyptian invaders
D made it cheaper and easier to cross the Sahara
題干問(wèn)的是“camels were important because they”那我們根據(jù)剛才的定位順序，選擇camel 去定位，于是發(fā)現(xiàn)原文的倒數(shù)第2和3句在講camel ，讀完以后發(fā)現(xiàn)，倒數(shù)第二句because就是題目的答案，這個(gè)時(shí)候再看下選項(xiàng)，發(fā)現(xiàn)只有D選項(xiàng)是和原文because后面的內(nèi)容相同，于是就選D了。
通過(guò)以上定位的方法可以很快速清晰的找到題目的答案，但是有些題目在定位的過(guò)程中，我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，自己所選的關(guān)鍵詞在段落的很多地方都出現(xiàn)了，甚至整段都是圍繞這個(gè)定位詞在展開(kāi)，這個(gè)時(shí)候就尷尬了，那怎么找?多重定位，把選項(xiàng)也放進(jìn)來(lái)定位，尤其是題干中提問(wèn)關(guān)于原文某個(gè)信息說(shuō)話正確的或者不正確的時(shí)候，比如下面的題目，According to the passage, which of the following is true of wildebeests?或者According to paragraph 1, all of the following are true of icebergs EXCEPT等，根據(jù)題干這兩個(gè)題目，我們分別會(huì)選擇wildebeests和icebergs去定位，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)原文整段都在討論我們選的定位詞，這個(gè)時(shí)候把選項(xiàng)放進(jìn)來(lái)定位是最直接也是最快找到我們的解題信息的，選項(xiàng)的定位詞的選擇方法和之前提過(guò)的相同，特殊標(biāo)志詞優(yōu)先于名詞，名詞優(yōu)先于動(dòng)詞和形容詞，在找信息的過(guò)程中同學(xué)們要注意同義改寫，信息同意改寫的方法無(wú)非就是近義詞改寫，反義詞改寫，詞性替換或者句式改寫，這里特別提示下反義詞改寫，往往會(huì)在前面加些否定意義的副詞，如neither/little/few/hardly/barely/scarcely/seldom/rarely等，大家閱讀的時(shí)候要注意。
最后來(lái)總結(jié)下，找關(guān)鍵信息最主要的是要選取定位詞，要選最顯眼，最不容易被替換的定位詞，根據(jù)具體的題目可能定位題干就夠了，有時(shí)也需要定位選項(xiàng)，定位到了信息以后注意信息的同義改寫，祝大家在能夠快速找到關(guān)鍵信息的同時(shí)，找的開(kāi)心，愉快!
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