類(lèi)比論證法
用我們已知的、熟悉的事物同未知的。不熟悉的事物加以比較，并用前者的情況解釋者 的情況。分為三種：縱向類(lèi)比(過(guò)去的事物同現(xiàn)在的、同一類(lèi)事物的類(lèi)比)、橫向類(lèi)比(同一 時(shí)期、同一事物之間的類(lèi)比)、比喻式類(lèi)比(不同類(lèi)別事物之間的類(lèi)比)。例如：
1.縱向類(lèi)比(Historical analogy)
論點(diǎn)：Many people will die of SARS.
論據(jù)：Many people died of the Black Death.
推理依據(jù)：SARS and Black Death are similar.
2.橫向類(lèi)比(Literal analogy)
論點(diǎn)：China should have its fighter carriers.
論據(jù)：A neighboring country has a powerful carrier fleet.
推理依據(jù)：The two countries are similar enough to draw such a comparison.
3.比喻式類(lèi)比(Metaphorical analogy)
論點(diǎn)：Reading a difficult book should take time.
論據(jù)：Digesting a large metal takes time.
推理依據(jù)：Reading and eating are sufficiently alike to be compared.