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中考英語總復(fù)習(xí)6
七、形容詞、副詞的比較等級
1.原級:表示A與B在某方面相同。
句型:1) A + 謂 + as + 原級 + as + B
2) A + 謂(否定) + as/so + 原級 + as + B
A與B在某方面不同
注意:not as / so… as = less than 不及;不如
eg. 1)This girl is as beautiful as that one.
2)You don't eat so much as I
3)This book isn't as interesting as that one
= This book is ___ ________ _____ that one
2.比較級:兩者進(jìn)行比較(常與than連用)
1)I am cleverer than you 我比你聰明。
2)He runs faster than Jim 他比Jim跑得快。
3)I picked more apples than Jim.我比你摘的蘋果多。
4)Which is more interesting, this one or that one? 哪本書更有趣,這本還是那本?
3.最高級:三者(或三者以上)進(jìn)行比較(常與表范圍的in , of短語連用)
( 注意:of + 個(gè)體名詞單數(shù) in + 集合名詞 )
eg. 1)Shanghai is the biggest city in China.
2)He runs fastest in our class.
3)He is the tallest of the three boys.
4)Which is the easiest, Lesson1, Lesson2 or Lesson3 ?
4.形、副比較等級的其他用法
1) "比較級and 比較級" 表示 "越來越……"
eg. lazier and lazier 越來越懶
(但注意:如果多音節(jié)詞用此結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)應(yīng)為 more and more + 形、副)
eg. more and more beautiful 越來越漂亮
2) "the比較級,the比較級" "越……,越……"
eg. the more, the better 多多益善
_________ you are, _______ you will get.
你越懶,收獲越少。
3) "the比較級of +二者" "二者中較……的一個(gè)"
eg. 1) Lucy is the younger of the twins.
2) Of(A) the two books(B) this one(C) is thicker(D). _________
4)表示二者相差多少用 "具體數(shù)量 + 比較級"
eg. He's a head taller than me.
My brother is two years older than me
5)表示"是……幾倍"時(shí)用"twice; three times等 + as…as"
eg. 1)This book costs twice as much as that one. 這本書的價(jià)錢是那本書的兩倍。
2)He has four times as many books as I have 他擁有的書是我擁有的四倍。
6)區(qū)別older / elder與farther / further
older(年齡較老的)
elder(指兄弟姐妹中排行在前的)
eg. My ______ brother is ______ than me.
farther (指距離"較遠(yuǎn)的")
further(指抽象事物的"更進(jìn)一步的")
eg.1)He went abroad for ________ studies.
2)Fusun is _________ from our school than Zhaohua.
形、副比較等級還應(yīng)注意
1.比較級前用a little ; much / a lot ; even / still來加強(qiáng)語氣,表示"……一點(diǎn)兒;……得多 ; 更……"
eg. 1) a little bigger 大一點(diǎn)兒
2)much more 多得多
3)even heavier更重
但注意:不能在比較級前加so; too; very; quite等。
2.比較級必須是同類事物相比(即as; than后的詞應(yīng)與主語是同類事物),注意常用漏的代詞有:that; those; one; ones
eg. 1)The apples (A) in this basket (B) are redder (C) than in that basket(D). _________
2)This knife (A) isn't (B) so (C) new as that (D). _______________
3)Our classroom (A) is (B) bigger (C) than Lily(D). _______________
3.個(gè)體與整體相比,不能包括個(gè)體,常用"any other + 單數(shù)名詞"來進(jìn)行比較。
eg.1)Betty(是個(gè)體) is cleverer than any student in her class(是整體). ( × )
正:Betty is cleverer than any other student in her class.
=Betty is cleverer than anybody else in her class.
=Betty is the cleverest in her class.
(特別注意以上三種句型的轉(zhuǎn)換)
2)China is bigger than any country in Africa.
中國比非洲的任何一個(gè)國家都大。
3) China is bigger than any other country in Asia. 中國比亞洲的任何一個(gè)其他國家大。
*4.使用最高級時(shí)應(yīng)把主語包括在范圍內(nèi)。
eg. Mary is the tallest of all her sisters.( × )
(all her sisters已排除了Mary)
改:Mary is the tallest of all the sisters.
5.表示"第二、第三……"時(shí),可在最高級前加"second , third, …"(但"第一"不能用first)
eg. The Changjiang River is the first longest river in China. 改錯(cuò):________________
附:形、副比較級和最高級的變化規(guī)則
A、規(guī)則變化
1."輔 + y"結(jié)尾,變y為i加er , est
(但"形 + ly "構(gòu)成的副詞除外)
2.雙寫加er , est
3.直接加 er , est / r, st
4.在多音詞前加more , most (以"形 + ly "構(gòu)成的副詞也在前加more , most)
B、不規(guī)則變化
原級 比較級 最高級
good/well better best
many/much more most
bad/ill/badly worse worst
little less least
old older/elder oldest/eldest
far farther
further farthest
furthest
另外:
1) 以-er , -ow , -ble , -ple結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞加er, est / r, st.
narrow ________ ________
simple _________ _________
able _______ _______
2) tired__________ __________
pleased ___________ ____________
3) often ________________ _____________
friendly_______________ ____________
4)在形容詞的最高級前一般加the, 副詞的最高級前一般不加the (但當(dāng)形容詞最高級前有物主代詞、所有格時(shí)則不再加the)。
eg. Lily is my the best friend.(改錯(cuò)) ________
5)形容詞作表語、定語,修飾名詞(但部分形容詞不能作定語,只能表語:ill ; alone ; asleep ; afraid ; interested ; excited ; surprised ).
副詞作狀語,修飾動(dòng)詞。
練 習(xí)
一、寫出下列詞的比較級和最高級
thin ____ ____ easy _____ ______
early ______ ______ new ______ ______
hot ______ ______ clever ______ _______
little _____ ______ late _____ ______
narrow______ ______fat _____ ______
many ______ _____ big _____ ______
dangerous__________ ___________
wonderful __________ ___________
careful __________ ____________
slowly __________ ____________
popular __________ ____________
二、選擇填空
( )1.Which language is ____ , English, French or Chinese?
A. difficult B. the difficult
C. more difficult D. the most difficult
( )2.Yangpu Bridge is one of ___ in the world
A. bigger bridge B. the biggest bridge
C. the biggest bridges D. bigger bridges
( )3.Tom is taller than Mike. But he is not ____ Mike.
A. strong as B. so strong as
C. so strong D. as strong
( )4.Most of the people in Guangdong are getting ______.
A. more and rich B. more rich and more rich
C. richer and richer D. rich and rich
( )5.This text is ____ easier and ____ interes- ting than that one.
A. more ; much B. much ; more
C. more ; more D. much ; much
( )6.Which do you like ____, beef, pork or chicken?
A. good B. well C. better D. best
( )7.Put on more clothes. It is snowing ___ outside. A. strongly B. heavy C. heavily
( )8.John drives as ___ as Tom.
A. carefully B. good C. nice D. fine
( )9.Is China larger than ____ in Africa.
A. any country B. any other country
C. any countries D. all countries
( )10.My ___ brother is ___ than I.
A. elder, three years older B. older ; older
C. older; three years elder D. elder ; elder
( )11.Li Mei is more beautiful than ___ in her class.
A. any girl B. any other girl
C. all the girls D. any girls
( )12.This problem is ___ than that one.
A. ten times easy B. ten times easier
C. ten times more easy D. ten time easier
( )13.This film is ___ interesting than that one.
A. more B. much C. very D. the most
( )14.There is ___ in today's newspaper.
A. interesting nothing B. nothing interesting
C. interested nothing D. nothing interested
( )15.The teacher asked all the students in the class to keep their eyes ____.
A. close B. to close C. closing D. closed
( )16.The fat man always says his meat looks ____ and sells _____.
A. good ; good B. well ; well
C. good ; well D. well ; good
( )17.It seems that men are ____ making computers than women.
A. better at B. good at
C. well in D. weak in
( )18.The word's population is growing fast every minute, especially in some ___ countries
A. west B. more developed
C. east D. less developed
( )19.This bridge is not ___ long and wide ____ the one in my hometown.
A. so ; as B. very ; than C. too; as D. very ; as
( )20.I think the song in the film "Titanic" is ___ one of all the movie songs.
A. the most beautiful B. most beautiful
C. much more beautiful D. a beautiful
( )21.Lin Tao is as ___ as Zhang Hua.
A. strong B. stronger
C. strongest D. the strongest
( )22.Sara is ___ tired ___ move after the hard work.
A. very ; to B. quite ; to
C. too ; to D. so ; that
( )23. Jack didn't run ___ to catch the bus.
A. enough fast B. quickly enough
C. enough slow D. slowly enough
( )24.The driver is very ___. He often drives his car _____.
A. careful ; careful B. carefully; carefully
C. carefully ; careful D. careful ; carefully
( )25.Look! All the children are working ___ on the farm.
A. careful B. hard C. busy D. happy
( )26.The population of Shanghai is ___ than that of Xi'an.
A. smaller B. fewer C. much D. larger
附Ⅰ--動(dòng)詞的四種形式
A、動(dòng)三單的變法
1) "輔+y"結(jié)尾, 變y為i加es
2) "以s; sh; ch; x; o結(jié)尾, 加es
3)直接加s
但have----has
B、現(xiàn)在分詞的變法
1)去e加ing (e不發(fā)音)
2)雙寫加ing ("輔元輔"結(jié)尾且重讀,y;w列外)
3)直接加ing
寫出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞
1.see_______2.come ________3.stop_______
4.open _______5.listen_______6.drop ______
7.prefer________8.fix_______ 9.relax ______
10.die _______11.tie _______12.lie _______
C、動(dòng)詞的過去式和過去分詞
(一)不規(guī)則變化(見課本不規(guī)則變化表P255)
(二)規(guī)則變化
1) "輔+y"結(jié)尾,變y為i加ed
2)雙寫加ed
3)直接加ed
寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過去式和過去分詞
1.drop ______ _______2.stop ______ ______
3.prefer ________ _________
4.study ______ ______5.try ______ ____
6.fix _____ ______ 7.relax ______ ______
附Ⅱ--情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(can/ could; may/ might; must; should)+動(dòng)原
1.must(必須)--needn't(不必)
may(可以)--mustn't(不許;不準(zhǔn);不可以)
2.注意幾個(gè)題:
1)-May I go with you?
-No, you _________.
2)-Must I turn off the light now?
-Yes, you ______/ No, you _________
附Ⅲ--動(dòng)詞不定式與動(dòng)名詞
A、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)
1)tell / ask / want sb to do ______________
否定式:tell/ask/want sb not to do __________
____________________
2)省to不定式作賓補(bǔ)
即:(l, m, n, 3h, 2看, 1f) sb do
l-let; m-make; n-notice; 3h-hear, have, help; 2看-see, watch; 1f-feel
但注意:1)help sb (to) do (to可省、可不省)
2)在改作被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)省去的to應(yīng)還原
eg. Someone heard him sing in the room.
He was heard to sing in the room.
B、動(dòng)詞不定式與動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)別
1.(hope; learn; want=would like; decide) to do
2.(enjoy; finish; keep; mind; practise) doing
8.介詞+doing
eg. 1)What/ How about doing
2)be good at doing
附Ⅳ--賓語從句與狀語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)
1.狀語從句中的時(shí)態(tài):
主句 時(shí)間、條件句
1)一般將來時(shí) 2)祈使句 3)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞原形 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
一般過去時(shí) 一般過去時(shí)
eg.1)I'll call you as soon as he ______ (come) back.
2)He won't go to bed until he _________ (finish) his homework.
3)I'll help you if I _____ (be) free tomorrow
2.賓語從句中的時(shí)態(tài):
主句 賓語從句
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一切時(shí)態(tài)
一般過去時(shí) 過去范疇的某一時(shí)態(tài)(一般過去時(shí);過去進(jìn)行時(shí);過去完成時(shí);過去將來時(shí))
但當(dāng)賓語從句是指客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象時(shí),則只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
eg.1)He said his father _________(come) back in two days.
2)The teacher said light ________(travel) faster than sound.
附Ⅴ--主謂一致
1.表"時(shí)間、距離、金錢、長度"的名詞短語做主語時(shí)應(yīng)看作一個(gè)整體,視為三單
eg. Two months is quite a long time.
2.people; police形單實(shí)為復(fù),作主為復(fù)
eg. The police are looking for the missing boy.
3.maths, news, physics形復(fù)實(shí)為單,作主為單
4.family; class看作整體時(shí)作主語為單數(shù);看作整體中的各成員時(shí)則為復(fù)數(shù)。
eg. 1)My family is a big one.
2)My family are watching TV.
5.由with, except, as well as連接的兩名詞作主語,謂語由前者決定
eg. The teacher with his students is going to Beijing tomorrow.
6.由neither…nor; either…or; not only…bout also連接的兩名詞作主語,謂語由后者決定
eg. Neither he nor I am a teacher.
7.不定代詞(something; anything; nothing; someone; anyone; everyone…)作主語為三單
Nobody knows it except me.
8.One of + 復(fù)名… 作主語為單數(shù)
eg. One of my friends is a computer engineer.
9."the +姓的復(fù)數(shù)"作主語為復(fù)數(shù)
eg. The Lius are watching TV now.
10.sheep; deer; fish單復(fù)同形,注意區(qū)別作主語是單還是復(fù)
eg. 1)There are many sheep on the hill.
2)Milk ____ white, and sheep ______ white, too. (be填空)
11.there be結(jié)構(gòu)中,如果有兩個(gè)以上的名詞作主語,則be應(yīng)與最接近的那個(gè)名詞一致。(即:靠近原則)eg.
1)There ____a box and some pens on the desk.
2)There ____some pens and a box on the desk.
12. either, neither, each作主語為三單
eg. Neither of the twins ______(like) drawing.
13.由兩部分構(gòu)成的事物名詞(trousers, glasses, chopsticks)作主語為復(fù)數(shù),但當(dāng)前面有pair短語修飾時(shí),則謂語由pair的單復(fù)數(shù)來決定謂語。
eg.1)Where ____(be) my glasses?
2)That pair of trousers ____(be) Mr. Green's
附Ⅵ--"短命"動(dòng)詞與"長命"動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化
buy-have ; borrow-keep ; die-be dead ; leave-be away (from); come back-be back; fall asleep-be asleep ; open-be open ;
catch a cold-have a cold; go /get out-be out;
arrive (reach / get to / come to) +地點(diǎn)-be in +地點(diǎn);join-be in +集體(或be + 成員);
turn on-be on; turn off-be off ;
get a letter from-have a letter from.
end /finish-be over ; get up-be up ;
1) He has (A) bought (B) the fridge (C) for (D) two years. _________
2)How long (A) may (B) I borrow (C) the (D) book? _________
3)The film (A) has begun (B) for five minutes(C). _________
4)Tom has got (A) the letter (B) from (C) Jim for two days (D). __________
5)I have (A) caught (B) a cold since two years ago (C). ____________
6)He has (A) come to (B) Beijing for ten years(C) ___________
7)My brother (A) has joined (B) the army (C) for (D) five years. ___________
練 習(xí)
一、寫出下列各時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成,然后找出各時(shí)態(tài)所對應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語,只寫代號
1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):__________ _________
時(shí)間狀語 _______________________
2、一般過去時(shí) _________________
時(shí)間狀語_______________________
3、一般將來時(shí):___________ __________
__________
時(shí)間狀語_____________________
4、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)_____________________
時(shí)間狀語_______________________
5、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)____________________
時(shí)間狀語_______________________
6、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)_____________________
時(shí)間狀語_______________________
提供的時(shí)間狀語如下:
A. since she came in B. in two days
C. when she came in D. next week
E. often F. five days ago G. sometimes
H. last year I. look之后的句子 J. just
K. at 4:30 yesterday L. so far
M. for ten years N. since two years ago
二、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1.Mother ________ (watch) TV every evening.
2.We________(talk) when the teacher came in.
3.He ________(go) to Beijing two days ago.
4.He ________(leave) Chengdu in two days.
5.Look! The boy________(play) football on the playground.
6.My uncle ______(live) here for ten years.
7.He often helps the old woman _______ (carry) water.
8.Would you like to make a contribution to ________ (improve) our living conditions?
9.Don't forget ________(turn) off the lights before you go out.
10.Please let the girls _____(go) first.
11.They had great fun ________(play) football this afternoon.
12.Do you enjoy ________(watch) TV?
13.Would you like ______(have) a cup of tea?
14.You can ______(go) there tomorrow.
15.Would you mind my _____(open) the door?
16.Please ask him _______(speak) more loudly
17.I'll go fishing if it ____(be) fine tomorrow.
18.He said his grandpa ________(be) dead for ten years.
19.Tell the children __________(not play) in the street.
20.Mr Zhu spent much time _________(help) me with my English.
21.I'll tell you as soon as he ____ (come) back.
22.Each of us _____(want) to go to college.
23.Thank you for ______(help) me.
24.The teacher told us the earth ____(go) round the sun.
25.My father is good at _____(fish).
26.You'd better______(not talk) in class.
27.The teacher stopped_______(talk) to us when we went into the office.
28.I saw her _______(cook) when I got home.
29.Look! A woman with two children _____ (be) coming towards us.
30.His family ___ not big, but the family ____ (be) interested in music.
31.Two months _____(be) quite a long time.
32.He asked if Tom ______(come) in two days
33.One of our teachers _____(be) a foreigner.
34.The Greens ______(have) been to the Great Wall twice.
35.He is practicing _______(speak) English with Mr. Green.
36.This pair of glasses ___ mine. The glasses on the table ____ his (be).
37.There ____ an apple, a pear and some bananas on the table. (be)
38.______(read) in bed ___(be)bad your eyes.
39.Hello, Jim! I ________ (not know) you we in Chengdu. I ______ (tell) you were still in London.
40.It _______(say) that another bridge_______ (build) over the river next year.
41. He left the room without _______ (say) goodbye.
42. Many trees ________ (plant) in our school yard these years.
43. The police _____ (be) trying to catch the thief.
44. The family _____(be) spending the weekend together.
三、選擇填空
( )1.-Must I turn off the light now?
---No, you _______
A. needn't B. mustn't C. can't
( )2.Our teacher told us the sun ____ in the east. A. rose B. rises C. is rising
( )3.He ___ back in a month.
A. will come B. come C. came
( )4.I ___ him before.
A. met B. had met C. have met
( )5.The teacher ____ to Japan this year. She's now telling her pupils about it.
A. went B. has been C. has gone
( )6.It ____ hard when I got home yesterday.
A. rained B. is raining C. was raining
( )7.Why not ____ again?
A. to try B. try C. trying
( )8.He has finished ____ the letter.
A. writing B. to write C. wrote
( )9.It _____ every night.
A. happens B. is happened C. happened
( )10.The policeman told the children ____ in the street.
A. not play B. not to play C. don't play
( )11.The box is too heavy for me ____.
A. to carry it B. to carry C. carrying it
( )12.Stop ____and listen to the teacher.
A. to read B. read C. reading
( )13.He is still looking for a house ____.
A. to live B. to live in C. to live in it
( )14.I heard her ___ when I passed her room just now. A. sing B. singing C. to sing
( )15.-May I go with you ?
---No, you ______.
A. may not B. can not C. mustn't
( )16.There are some ____ in the river.
A. air B. fish C. water.
( )17.Sheep __ white and milk ___white, too.
A. is ; is B. is ; are C. are ; is
( )18.The class ___ going to see a film this afternoon.
A. am B. is C. are
( )19.Jim's shoes ____ under the bed.
A. are B. is C. was
( )20.Three years ____ quite a long time.
A. is B. are C. were
( )21.The clothes are mine. Yours ____ under the bed.
A. is B. are C. were
( )22.There ___ a lot of news in today's newspaper.
A. is B. are C. were
( )23.--Can you answer this question in English? No, I _____.
A. needn't B. mustn't C. may not D. can't
( )24. The teacher wanted us _____ Exercise 1, but you let me ______ Exercise 2.
A.to do, do B. to do, to do
C. do, to do D. do, do
( )25. Miss Green saw a wallet ______on the ground when she walked past the school gate.
A. lie B. lying C. lies D. to lie
( )26.What have you done _____ the milk? I've just _____ it.
A. with, eaten B.for, eaten
C. with, drunk D. for, drunk
( )27.The radio _______ it will get warmer later.
A. says B. speaks C.talks D. tells
( )28. You must be very tired. Why not _____ a rest?
A. stop having B.stop to have
C.to stop having D. to stop to have
( )29. Li Ping is young, but he _____ many places of interest in South China.
A.went to B. has been in
C.has gone to D. has been to
( )30. Mother told me _____ in the sun.
A. not read B. don't read
C. read not D. not to read
( )31.Do you often see her ______ volleyball on the playground?
A. play B. played C. plays D. to play
( )32.Alice didn't hear what the teacher said just now,so she doesn't know how _______ the problem.
A. do B. did C. to do D. doing
( )33.When the little boy ____someone coming upstairs,he stopped _____.
A. heard…crying B. listened…to cry
C. heard…to cry D. listened…cry
( )34.I ______ my ruler at home.Can I use yours,please?
A. forgot B. have forgotten
C. left D. have left
( )34.Jim _____ the good news to his classmates this morning.
A. spoke B. told C. said D. talked
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《中考英語總復(fù)習(xí)6》由出國留學(xué)編輯精心為您學(xué)習(xí)英語準(zhǔn)備.liuxue86.com
中考英語總復(fù)習(xí)6
七、形容詞、副詞的比較等級
1.原級:表示A與B在某方面相同。
句型:1) A + 謂 + as + 原級 + as + B
2) A + 謂(否定) + as/so + 原級 + as + B
A與B在某方面不同
注意:not as / so… as = less than 不及;不如
eg. 1)This girl is as beautiful as that one.
2)You don't eat so much as I
3)This book isn't as interesting as that one
= This book is ___ ________ _____ that one
2.比較級:兩者進(jìn)行比較(常與than連用)
1)I am cleverer than you 我比你聰明。
2)He runs faster than Jim 他比Jim跑得快。
3)I picked more apples than Jim.我比你摘的蘋果多。
4)Which is more interesting, this one or that one? 哪本書更有趣,這本還是那本?
3.最高級:三者(或三者以上)進(jìn)行比較(常與表范圍的in , of短語連用)
( 注意:of + 個(gè)體名詞單數(shù) in + 集合名詞 )
eg. 1)Shanghai is the biggest city in China.
2)He runs fastest in our class.
3)He is the tallest of the three boys.
4)Which is the easiest, Lesson1, Lesson2 or Lesson3 ?
4.形、副比較等級的其他用法
1) "比較級and 比較級" 表示 "越來越……"
eg. lazier and lazier 越來越懶
(但注意:如果多音節(jié)詞用此結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)應(yīng)為 more and more + 形、副)
eg. more and more beautiful 越來越漂亮
2) "the比較級,the比較級" "越……,越……"
eg. the more, the better 多多益善
_________ you are, _______ you will get.
你越懶,收獲越少。
3) "the比較級of +二者" "二者中較……的一個(gè)"
eg. 1) Lucy is the younger of the twins.
2) Of(A) the two books(B) this one(C) is thicker(D). _________
4)表示二者相差多少用 "具體數(shù)量 + 比較級"
eg. He's a head taller than me.
My brother is two years older than me
5)表示"是……幾倍"時(shí)用"twice; three times等 + as…as"
eg. 1)This book costs twice as much as that one. 這本書的價(jià)錢是那本書的兩倍。
2)He has four times as many books as I have 他擁有的書是我擁有的四倍。
6)區(qū)別older / elder與farther / further
older(年齡較老的)
elder(指兄弟姐妹中排行在前的)
eg. My ______ brother is ______ than me.
farther (指距離"較遠(yuǎn)的")
further(指抽象事物的"更進(jìn)一步的")
eg.1)He went abroad for ________ studies.
2)Fusun is _________ from our school than Zhaohua.
形、副比較等級還應(yīng)注意
1.比較級前用a little ; much / a lot ; even / still來加強(qiáng)語氣,表示"……一點(diǎn)兒;……得多 ; 更……"
eg. 1) a little bigger 大一點(diǎn)兒
2)much more 多得多
3)even heavier更重
但注意:不能在比較級前加so; too; very; quite等。
2.比較級必須是同類事物相比(即as; than后的詞應(yīng)與主語是同類事物),注意常用漏的代詞有:that; those; one; ones
eg. 1)The apples (A) in this basket (B) are redder (C) than in that basket(D). _________
2)This knife (A) isn't (B) so (C) new as that (D). _______________
3)Our classroom (A) is (B) bigger (C) than Lily(D). _______________
3.個(gè)體與整體相比,不能包括個(gè)體,常用"any other + 單數(shù)名詞"來進(jìn)行比較。
eg.1)Betty(是個(gè)體) is cleverer than any student in her class(是整體). ( × )
正:Betty is cleverer than any other student in her class.
=Betty is cleverer than anybody else in her class.
=Betty is the cleverest in her class.
(特別注意以上三種句型的轉(zhuǎn)換)
2)China is bigger than any country in Africa.
中國比非洲的任何一個(gè)國家都大。
3) China is bigger than any other country in Asia. 中國比亞洲的任何一個(gè)其他國家大。
*4.使用最高級時(shí)應(yīng)把主語包括在范圍內(nèi)。
eg. Mary is the tallest of all her sisters.( × )
(all her sisters已排除了Mary)
改:Mary is the tallest of all the sisters.
5.表示"第二、第三……"時(shí),可在最高級前加"second , third, …"(但"第一"不能用first)
eg. The Changjiang River is the first longest river in China. 改錯(cuò):________________
附:形、副比較級和最高級的變化規(guī)則
A、規(guī)則變化
1."輔 + y"結(jié)尾,變y為i加er , est
(但"形 + ly "構(gòu)成的副詞除外)
2.雙寫加er , est
3.直接加 er , est / r, st
4.在多音詞前加more , most (以"形 + ly "構(gòu)成的副詞也在前加more , most)
B、不規(guī)則變化
原級 比較級 最高級
good/well better best
many/much more most
bad/ill/badly worse worst
little less least
old older/elder oldest/eldest
far farther
further farthest
furthest
另外:
1) 以-er , -ow , -ble , -ple結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞加er, est / r, st.
narrow ________ ________
simple _________ _________
able _______ _______
2) tired__________ __________
pleased ___________ ____________
3) often ________________ _____________
friendly_______________ ____________
4)在形容詞的最高級前一般加the, 副詞的最高級前一般不加the (但當(dāng)形容詞最高級前有物主代詞、所有格時(shí)則不再加the)。
eg. Lily is my the best friend.(改錯(cuò)) ________
5)形容詞作表語、定語,修飾名詞(但部分形容詞不能作定語,只能表語:ill ; alone ; asleep ; afraid ; interested ; excited ; surprised ).
副詞作狀語,修飾動(dòng)詞。
練 習(xí)
一、寫出下列詞的比較級和最高級
thin ____ ____ easy _____ ______
early ______ ______ new ______ ______
hot ______ ______ clever ______ _______
little _____ ______ late _____ ______
narrow______ ______fat _____ ______
many ______ _____ big _____ ______
dangerous__________ ___________
wonderful __________ ___________
careful __________ ____________
slowly __________ ____________
popular __________ ____________
二、選擇填空
( )1.Which language is ____ , English, French or Chinese?
A. difficult B. the difficult
C. more difficult D. the most difficult
( )2.Yangpu Bridge is one of ___ in the world
A. bigger bridge B. the biggest bridge
C. the biggest bridges D. bigger bridges
( )3.Tom is taller than Mike. But he is not ____ Mike.
A. strong as B. so strong as
C. so strong D. as strong
( )4.Most of the people in Guangdong are getting ______.
A. more and rich B. more rich and more rich
C. richer and richer D. rich and rich
( )5.This text is ____ easier and ____ interes- ting than that one.
A. more ; much B. much ; more
C. more ; more D. much ; much
( )6.Which do you like ____, beef, pork or chicken?
A. good B. well C. better D. best
( )7.Put on more clothes. It is snowing ___ outside. A. strongly B. heavy C. heavily
( )8.John drives as ___ as Tom.
A. carefully B. good C. nice D. fine
( )9.Is China larger than ____ in Africa.
A. any country B. any other country
C. any countries D. all countries
( )10.My ___ brother is ___ than I.
A. elder, three years older B. older ; older
C. older; three years elder D. elder ; elder
( )11.Li Mei is more beautiful than ___ in her class.
A. any girl B. any other girl
C. all the girls D. any girls
( )12.This problem is ___ than that one.
A. ten times easy B. ten times easier
C. ten times more easy D. ten time easier
( )13.This film is ___ interesting than that one.
A. more B. much C. very D. the most
( )14.There is ___ in today's newspaper.
A. interesting nothing B. nothing interesting
C. interested nothing D. nothing interested
( )15.The teacher asked all the students in the class to keep their eyes ____.
A. close B. to close C. closing D. closed
( )16.The fat man always says his meat looks ____ and sells _____.
A. good ; good B. well ; well
C. good ; well D. well ; good
( )17.It seems that men are ____ making computers than women.
A. better at B. good at
C. well in D. weak in
( )18.The word's population is growing fast every minute, especially in some ___ countries
A. west B. more developed
C. east D. less developed
( )19.This bridge is not ___ long and wide ____ the one in my hometown.
A. so ; as B. very ; than C. too; as D. very ; as
( )20.I think the song in the film "Titanic" is ___ one of all the movie songs.
A. the most beautiful B. most beautiful
C. much more beautiful D. a beautiful
( )21.Lin Tao is as ___ as Zhang Hua.
A. strong B. stronger
C. strongest D. the strongest
( )22.Sara is ___ tired ___ move after the hard work.
A. very ; to B. quite ; to
C. too ; to D. so ; that
( )23. Jack didn't run ___ to catch the bus.
A. enough fast B. quickly enough
C. enough slow D. slowly enough
( )24.The driver is very ___. He often drives his car _____.
A. careful ; careful B. carefully; carefully
C. carefully ; careful D. careful ; carefully
( )25.Look! All the children are working ___ on the farm.
A. careful B. hard C. busy D. happy
( )26.The population of Shanghai is ___ than that of Xi'an.
A. smaller B. fewer C. much D. larger
附Ⅰ--動(dòng)詞的四種形式
A、動(dòng)三單的變法
1) "輔+y"結(jié)尾, 變y為i加es
2) "以s; sh; ch; x; o結(jié)尾, 加es
3)直接加s
但have----has
B、現(xiàn)在分詞的變法
1)去e加ing (e不發(fā)音)
2)雙寫加ing ("輔元輔"結(jié)尾且重讀,y;w列外)
3)直接加ing
寫出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞
1.see_______2.come ________3.stop_______
4.open _______5.listen_______6.drop ______
7.prefer________8.fix_______ 9.relax ______
10.die _______11.tie _______12.lie _______
C、動(dòng)詞的過去式和過去分詞
(一)不規(guī)則變化(見課本不規(guī)則變化表P255)
(二)規(guī)則變化
1) "輔+y"結(jié)尾,變y為i加ed
2)雙寫加ed
3)直接加ed
寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過去式和過去分詞
1.drop ______ _______2.stop ______ ______
3.prefer ________ _________
4.study ______ ______5.try ______ ____
6.fix _____ ______ 7.relax ______ ______
附Ⅱ--情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(can/ could; may/ might; must; should)+動(dòng)原
1.must(必須)--needn't(不必)
may(可以)--mustn't(不許;不準(zhǔn);不可以)
2.注意幾個(gè)題:
1)-May I go with you?
-No, you _________.
2)-Must I turn off the light now?
-Yes, you ______/ No, you _________
附Ⅲ--動(dòng)詞不定式與動(dòng)名詞
A、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)
1)tell / ask / want sb to do ______________
否定式:tell/ask/want sb not to do __________
____________________
2)省to不定式作賓補(bǔ)
即:(l, m, n, 3h, 2看, 1f) sb do
l-let; m-make; n-notice; 3h-hear, have, help; 2看-see, watch; 1f-feel
但注意:1)help sb (to) do (to可省、可不省)
2)在改作被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)省去的to應(yīng)還原
eg. Someone heard him sing in the room.
He was heard to sing in the room.
B、動(dòng)詞不定式與動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)別
1.(hope; learn; want=would like; decide) to do
2.(enjoy; finish; keep; mind; practise) doing
8.介詞+doing
eg. 1)What/ How about doing
2)be good at doing
附Ⅳ--賓語從句與狀語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)
1.狀語從句中的時(shí)態(tài):
主句 時(shí)間、條件句
1)一般將來時(shí) 2)祈使句 3)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞原形 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
一般過去時(shí) 一般過去時(shí)
eg.1)I'll call you as soon as he ______ (come) back.
2)He won't go to bed until he _________ (finish) his homework.
3)I'll help you if I _____ (be) free tomorrow
2.賓語從句中的時(shí)態(tài):
主句 賓語從句
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一切時(shí)態(tài)
一般過去時(shí) 過去范疇的某一時(shí)態(tài)(一般過去時(shí);過去進(jìn)行時(shí);過去完成時(shí);過去將來時(shí))
但當(dāng)賓語從句是指客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象時(shí),則只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
eg.1)He said his father _________(come) back in two days.
2)The teacher said light ________(travel) faster than sound.
附Ⅴ--主謂一致
1.表"時(shí)間、距離、金錢、長度"的名詞短語做主語時(shí)應(yīng)看作一個(gè)整體,視為三單
eg. Two months is quite a long time.
2.people; police形單實(shí)為復(fù),作主為復(fù)
eg. The police are looking for the missing boy.
3.maths, news, physics形復(fù)實(shí)為單,作主為單
4.family; class看作整體時(shí)作主語為單數(shù);看作整體中的各成員時(shí)則為復(fù)數(shù)。
eg. 1)My family is a big one.
2)My family are watching TV.
5.由with, except, as well as連接的兩名詞作主語,謂語由前者決定
eg. The teacher with his students is going to Beijing tomorrow.
6.由neither…nor; either…or; not only…bout also連接的兩名詞作主語,謂語由后者決定
eg. Neither he nor I am a teacher.
7.不定代詞(something; anything; nothing; someone; anyone; everyone…)作主語為三單
Nobody knows it except me.
8.One of + 復(fù)名… 作主語為單數(shù)
eg. One of my friends is a computer engineer.
9."the +姓的復(fù)數(shù)"作主語為復(fù)數(shù)
eg. The Lius are watching TV now.
10.sheep; deer; fish單復(fù)同形,注意區(qū)別作主語是單還是復(fù)
eg. 1)There are many sheep on the hill.
2)Milk ____ white, and sheep ______ white, too. (be填空)
11.there be結(jié)構(gòu)中,如果有兩個(gè)以上的名詞作主語,則be應(yīng)與最接近的那個(gè)名詞一致。(即:靠近原則)eg.
1)There ____a box and some pens on the desk.
2)There ____some pens and a box on the desk.
12. either, neither, each作主語為三單
eg. Neither of the twins ______(like) drawing.
13.由兩部分構(gòu)成的事物名詞(trousers, glasses, chopsticks)作主語為復(fù)數(shù),但當(dāng)前面有pair短語修飾時(shí),則謂語由pair的單復(fù)數(shù)來決定謂語。
eg.1)Where ____(be) my glasses?
2)That pair of trousers ____(be) Mr. Green's
附Ⅵ--"短命"動(dòng)詞與"長命"動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化
buy-have ; borrow-keep ; die-be dead ; leave-be away (from); come back-be back; fall asleep-be asleep ; open-be open ;
catch a cold-have a cold; go /get out-be out;
arrive (reach / get to / come to) +地點(diǎn)-be in +地點(diǎn);join-be in +集體(或be + 成員);
turn on-be on; turn off-be off ;
get a letter from-have a letter from.
end /finish-be over ; get up-be up ;
1) He has (A) bought (B) the fridge (C) for (D) two years. _________
2)How long (A) may (B) I borrow (C) the (D) book? _________
3)The film (A) has begun (B) for five minutes(C). _________
4)Tom has got (A) the letter (B) from (C) Jim for two days (D). __________
5)I have (A) caught (B) a cold since two years ago (C). ____________
6)He has (A) come to (B) Beijing for ten years(C) ___________
7)My brother (A) has joined (B) the army (C) for (D) five years. ___________
練 習(xí)
一、寫出下列各時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成,然后找出各時(shí)態(tài)所對應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語,只寫代號
1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):__________ _________
時(shí)間狀語 _______________________
2、一般過去時(shí) _________________
時(shí)間狀語_______________________
3、一般將來時(shí):___________ __________
__________
時(shí)間狀語_____________________
4、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)_____________________
時(shí)間狀語_______________________
5、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)____________________
時(shí)間狀語_______________________
6、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)_____________________
時(shí)間狀語_______________________
提供的時(shí)間狀語如下:
A. since she came in B. in two days
C. when she came in D. next week
E. often F. five days ago G. sometimes
H. last year I. look之后的句子 J. just
K. at 4:30 yesterday L. so far
M. for ten years N. since two years ago
二、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1.Mother ________ (watch) TV every evening.
2.We________(talk) when the teacher came in.
3.He ________(go) to Beijing two days ago.
4.He ________(leave) Chengdu in two days.
5.Look! The boy________(play) football on the playground.
6.My uncle ______(live) here for ten years.
7.He often helps the old woman _______ (carry) water.
8.Would you like to make a contribution to ________ (improve) our living conditions?
9.Don't forget ________(turn) off the lights before you go out.
10.Please let the girls _____(go) first.
11.They had great fun ________(play) football this afternoon.
12.Do you enjoy ________(watch) TV?
13.Would you like ______(have) a cup of tea?
14.You can ______(go) there tomorrow.
15.Would you mind my _____(open) the door?
16.Please ask him _______(speak) more loudly
17.I'll go fishing if it ____(be) fine tomorrow.
18.He said his grandpa ________(be) dead for ten years.
19.Tell the children __________(not play) in the street.
20.Mr Zhu spent much time _________(help) me with my English.
21.I'll tell you as soon as he ____ (come) back.
22.Each of us _____(want) to go to college.
23.Thank you for ______(help) me.
24.The teacher told us the earth ____(go) round the sun.
25.My father is good at _____(fish).
26.You'd better______(not talk) in class.
27.The teacher stopped_______(talk) to us when we went into the office.
28.I saw her _______(cook) when I got home.
29.Look! A woman with two children _____ (be) coming towards us.
30.His family ___ not big, but the family ____ (be) interested in music.
31.Two months _____(be) quite a long time.
32.He asked if Tom ______(come) in two days
33.One of our teachers _____(be) a foreigner.
34.The Greens ______(have) been to the Great Wall twice.
35.He is practicing _______(speak) English with Mr. Green.
36.This pair of glasses ___ mine. The glasses on the table ____ his (be).
37.There ____ an apple, a pear and some bananas on the table. (be)
38.______(read) in bed ___(be)bad your eyes.
39.Hello, Jim! I ________ (not know) you we in Chengdu. I ______ (tell) you were still in London.
40.It _______(say) that another bridge_______ (build) over the river next year.
41. He left the room without _______ (say) goodbye.
42. Many trees ________ (plant) in our school yard these years.
43. The police _____ (be) trying to catch the thief.
44. The family _____(be) spending the weekend together.
三、選擇填空
( )1.-Must I turn off the light now?
---No, you _______
A. needn't B. mustn't C. can't
( )2.Our teacher told us the sun ____ in the east. A. rose B. rises C. is rising
( )3.He ___ back in a month.
A. will come B. come C. came
( )4.I ___ him before.
A. met B. had met C. have met
( )5.The teacher ____ to Japan this year. She's now telling her pupils about it.
A. went B. has been C. has gone
( )6.It ____ hard when I got home yesterday.
A. rained B. is raining C. was raining
( )7.Why not ____ again?
A. to try B. try C. trying
( )8.He has finished ____ the letter.
A. writing B. to write C. wrote
( )9.It _____ every night.
A. happens B. is happened C. happened
( )10.The policeman told the children ____ in the street.
A. not play B. not to play C. don't play
( )11.The box is too heavy for me ____.
A. to carry it B. to carry C. carrying it
( )12.Stop ____and listen to the teacher.
A. to read B. read C. reading
( )13.He is still looking for a house ____.
A. to live B. to live in C. to live in it
( )14.I heard her ___ when I passed her room just now. A. sing B. singing C. to sing
( )15.-May I go with you ?
---No, you ______.
A. may not B. can not C. mustn't
( )16.There are some ____ in the river.
A. air B. fish C. water.
( )17.Sheep __ white and milk ___white, too.
A. is ; is B. is ; are C. are ; is
( )18.The class ___ going to see a film this afternoon.
A. am B. is C. are
( )19.Jim's shoes ____ under the bed.
A. are B. is C. was
( )20.Three years ____ quite a long time.
A. is B. are C. were
( )21.The clothes are mine. Yours ____ under the bed.
A. is B. are C. were
( )22.There ___ a lot of news in today's newspaper.
A. is B. are C. were
( )23.--Can you answer this question in English? No, I _____.
A. needn't B. mustn't C. may not D. can't
( )24. The teacher wanted us _____ Exercise 1, but you let me ______ Exercise 2.
A.to do, do B. to do, to do
C. do, to do D. do, do
( )25. Miss Green saw a wallet ______on the ground when she walked past the school gate.
A. lie B. lying C. lies D. to lie
( )26.What have you done _____ the milk? I've just _____ it.
A. with, eaten B.for, eaten
C. with, drunk D. for, drunk
( )27.The radio _______ it will get warmer later.
A. says B. speaks C.talks D. tells
( )28. You must be very tired. Why not _____ a rest?
A. stop having B.stop to have
C.to stop having D. to stop to have
( )29. Li Ping is young, but he _____ many places of interest in South China.
A.went to B. has been in
C.has gone to D. has been to
( )30. Mother told me _____ in the sun.
A. not read B. don't read
C. read not D. not to read
( )31.Do you often see her ______ volleyball on the playground?
A. play B. played C. plays D. to play
( )32.Alice didn't hear what the teacher said just now,so she doesn't know how _______ the problem.
A. do B. did C. to do D. doing
( )33.When the little boy ____someone coming upstairs,he stopped _____.
A. heard…crying B. listened…to cry
C. heard…to cry D. listened…cry
( )34.I ______ my ruler at home.Can I use yours,please?
A. forgot B. have forgotten
C. left D. have left
( )34.Jim _____ the good news to his classmates this morning.
A. spoke B. told C. said D. talked
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