《高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)語法專項 疑問句》由英語編輯整理,更多請訪問:https://www.liuxue86.com/english/。本內(nèi)容整理時間為05月12日，如有任何問題請聯(lián)系我們。
高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)語法專項 疑問句
2009-03-18 11:28 來源：互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 作者：佚名 [打印] [評論]
反意疑問句
一.反意疑問句的分類:
1.第一類反意疑問句由兩部分組成, 前一部分作陳述; 后一部分提問, 起證實或反證作用, 或只表示疑問語調(diào)的作用, 其肯定或否定與前一部分相反. 這一類反意疑問句實際上不表示疑問, 也并不一定要求對方回答
a. You haven’t done your homework, have you ?
b. You will be away for long, won’t you ?
2.第二類反意疑問句也由兩部分組成, 前一部分作肯定的陳述, 用肯定形式, 后一部分提問也用肯定形式, 表示說話人對第一部分的陳述的真實性有所懷疑, 請對方加以證實
a. He teaches English, does he ?
二.應(yīng)注意的問題:
1.疑問部分的主語與陳述部分的主語的對應(yīng):
①.陳述部分是there be結(jié)構(gòu)時, 疑問部分用be(not) ther提問
a. There is no doubt about it, is there ?
b. There are hundreds of students on the playground, aren’t there ?
②.陳述部分的主語是everyone, someone, anyone, no one等表示人的不定代詞時, 疑問部分主語多用they, 也可用he
a. Everyone knows his job, doesn’t he ? / Everyone knows their jobs, don’t they ?
③.陳述部分的主語是everything, nothing, something等表示物的不定代詞時, 疑問部分的主語用it.
a. Everything goes very well, doesn’t it ?
④.陳述部分的主語是each時, 如果強調(diào)單個, 疑問部分的主語用單數(shù)代詞; 如果強調(diào)全體, 疑問部分的主語用復(fù)數(shù)代詞
a. Each of the students has his own desk, doesn’t he ?
b. Each of the students passed the exam, didn’t they ?
c. Each of the pens has a red cap, doesn’t it ?
⑤.陳述部分的主語是不定式, 動名詞, 詞組或從句時, 疑問部分的主語用it
a. To drive a car is not easy, is it ?
b. Seeing is believing, isn’t it ?
c. That you are leaving soon is true, isn’t it ?
⑥.陳述部分的主語是this , that, these, those時, 疑問部分的主語要用it 或they
a. This is very important, isn’t it ?
b. These are the books you bought yesterday, aren’t they ?
2.疑問部分的不完全動詞與陳述部分的不完全動詞的對應(yīng):
①.陳述部分沒有不完全動詞(即謂語中只有實義動詞)時, 疑問部分用do的某形式來提問
a. He likes English very much, doesn’t he ?
b. He went to the cinema last Sunday, didn’t he ?
c. You have learned English for eight years, haven’t you ?
②.陳述部分的謂語是used to do(過去經(jīng)常)時, 疑問部分既可用used, 也可用did提問
a. He used to live in London, usedn’t / didn’t he ?
③.若在陳述部分將need / dare / have作為不完全動詞使用, 則疑問部分仍用need / dare / have提問; 若在陳述部分將need / dare / have作為實義動詞來用, 則疑問部分用do的某一形式提問
a. We need to do it right now, don’t we ?
b. We needn’t do it right now, need we ?
c. You have finished your homework, haven’t you ?
d. You have a computer of you own, don’t you ?
④.陳述部分有must表示 “一定是, 肯定是”的推測意義時, 疑問部分不用must提問, 而要根據(jù)must所表示的時間, 用do / be的某一形式來提問, 具體對應(yīng)情況見下表:
陳述部分謂語形式
含義
疑問部分用來提問的不完全動詞
must do / be
一般情況或現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)
do, am / is / are
must be doing
正在發(fā)生的情況
am / is / are
must have done
過去發(fā)生的情況
did
a. He must be a student in this school, isn’t he ?
b. You must be tired, aren’t you ?
c. They must be doing their lessons right now, aren’t they ?
d. You must have met him at the party yesterday, didn’t you ?
⑤.陳述部分有must表示“有必要”時, 疑問部分用needn’t提問
a. You must go home right now, needn’t you ?
3.其他問題:
①.陳述部分謂語出現(xiàn)有否定詞綴的動詞時, 疑問部分仍用否定結(jié)構(gòu)
a. He is unfit for his office, isn’t he ?
②.陳述部分含有no, never, hardly, seldom, few, little, nowhere, nothing等否定詞或半否定詞時, 疑問部分要用肯定形式
a. He hardly knows English, does he ?
③.陳述部分的主語是I時, 疑問部分中否定常用aren’t I.
a. I am your friend, aren’t I ?
④.陳述部分是I ( don’t ) think / believe / suppose / expect that….(即“否定轉(zhuǎn)移句”)時, 疑問部分要根據(jù)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句來作
a. I think he can finish the work, can’t he ?
b. I don’t think he can finish the work, can he ?
陳述部分謂語形式含義疑問部分用來提問的不完全動詞
must do / be一般情況或現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)do, am / is / are
must be doing正在發(fā)生的情況am / is / are
must have done過去發(fā)生的情況did
a. He must be a student in this school, isn’t he ?
b. You must be tired, aren’t you ?
c. They must be doing their lessons right now, aren’t they ?
d. You must have met him at the party yesterday, didn’t you ?
⑤.陳述部分有must表示“有必要”時, 疑問部分用needn’t提問
a. You must go home right now, needn’t you ?
3.其他問題:
①.陳述部分謂語出現(xiàn)有否定詞綴的動詞時, 疑問部分仍用否定結(jié)構(gòu)
a. He is unfit for his office, isn’t he ?
②.陳述部分含有no, never, hardly, seldom, few, little, nowhere, nothing等否定詞或半否定詞時, 疑問部分要用肯定形式
a. He hardly knows English, does he ?
③.陳述部分的主語是I時, 疑問部分中否定常用aren’t I.
a. I am your friend, aren’t I ?
④.陳述部分是I ( don’t ) think / believe / suppose / expect that….(即“否定轉(zhuǎn)移句”)時, 疑問部分要根據(jù)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句來作
a. I think he can finish the work, can’t he ?
b. I don’t think he can finish the work, can he ?
第二十章：直接引語與間接引語
一.直接引語與間接引語的轉(zhuǎn)換:
1.直接引語是陳述句, 變成間接引語時將陳述句變成that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
a. Mary said, “ I arrived yesterday.” =Mary said that she had arrived the day before.
b. Alice said, “ I’ve just got a letter from my father.” =Alice said that she had just got a letter from her father.
2.直接引語是一般疑問句, 變成間接引語時, 把一般疑問句變成由if / whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句, 同時將語序改成陳述語序, said變成asked, asked后沒有間接賓語時, 要加一個間接賓語如me / him /her等
a. Jane asked Tom, “ Have you finished writing the report ?” =Jane asked Tom if / whether he had finished writing the report.
b. Jane asked Dick, “ Have you finished writing the report ?” =Jane asked Dick if / whether he had finished writing the report.
3.直接引語是特殊疑問句, 變成間接引語時, 特殊疑問句變成由原疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句, 同時變成陳述語序
a. “What are you doing Jack ?” Mary asked. =Mary asked him what he was doing.
b. They asked him, “ When do you harvest the wheat ?” =They asked him when he harvested the wheat.
c. “When did you leave Shanghai ?” Peter asked me. =Peter asked me when I left Shanghai.
4.直接引語是祈使句, 變成間接引語時, 把祈使句變成一個不定式短語, 同時根據(jù)不同的口氣選用適當(dāng)?shù)闹^語動詞, 構(gòu)成ask / tell / order sb (not) to do sth.的結(jié)構(gòu)
a. “Don’t come late again.” he said. =He told me not to come late again.
b. “Turn the oil over, please.” He said. =He asked me to turn the soil over.
c. The farmer said, “ Don’t grow plants in the same place year after year.” =The farmer told me not to grow plants in the same place year after year.
二.應(yīng)注意的問題: 在直接引語變成間接引語時要注意以下問題
1.人稱代詞, 物主代詞要作相應(yīng)的變化, 這方面的變化與漢語的習(xí)慣完全相同
a. He said, “ I like it very much.” =He said that he liked it very much.
b. He said, “ I have left my book in your room.” =He said he had left his book in my room.
2.時態(tài)的變化: 如果主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時, 直接引語變成間接引語時, 從句的謂語動詞在時態(tài)方面要作相應(yīng)的變化(見下表); 如果主句的謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在時, 從句的時態(tài)無需變化
直接引語間接引語
一般現(xiàn)在時He said, “ I am afraid I can’t finish this work”一般過去時He said that he was afraid he couldn’t finish that work
現(xiàn)在進行時He said, “ I am using the knife.”過去進行時He said that he was using the knife.
現(xiàn)在完成時She said, “ I have not heard from him since May.”過去完成時She said that she had not heard from him since May.
一般過去時He said, “ I came to help you.”過去完成時He said that he had come to help me.
過去完成時He said, “ I had finished my homework before supper.”過去完成時He said that he had finished his homework before supper.
一般將來時Zhou Lan said, “ I will do it after class.”過去將來時Zhou Lan said that she would do it after class.
些指示代詞, 時間狀語, 地點狀語和動詞要做相應(yīng)的變化:
直接引語間接引語
this She said, “ I will come this morning.”thatShe said that she would go that morning.
theseHe said, “ These books are mine.”thoseHe said that those books were his.
nowHe said, “ It is nine o’clock now.”thenHe said that it was nine o’clock then.
todayHe said, “ I haven’t seen her today.”that dayHe said that he hadn’t seen her that day.
yesterdayShe said, “ I went there yesterday.”the day beforeShe said that she had gone there the day before.
tomorrowShe said, “ I will go there tomorrow.”the next / following dayShe said that she would go there the next day.
hereHe said, “ My sister was here three days ago.”thereHe said that his sister had been there three days before.
comeShe said, “ I will come here this evening.”goShe said that she would go there that evening.
agoHe said, “ I went there three days ago.”beforeHe said that he had gone there three days before.
last nightHe said, “ I saw the film last night.”the night beforeHe said that he had seen the film the night before.
next weekHe said, “ The meeting will be held next week.”the next weekHe said that the meeting would be held the next week.
4.直接引語如果是客觀真理, 變?yōu)殚g接引語時, 時態(tài)不變, 如:
a. He said, “ Light travels much faster than sound.” =He said that light travels much faster than sound.
5.如果在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述, here不必改為there, come不必改為go, yesterday / tomorrow等時間狀語也不必改變
《高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)語法專項 疑問句》由英語編輯整理,更多請訪問:https://www.liuxue86.com/english/
高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)語法專項 疑問句
2009-03-18 11:28 來源：互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 作者：佚名 [打印] [評論]
反意疑問句
一.反意疑問句的分類:
1.第一類反意疑問句由兩部分組成, 前一部分作陳述; 后一部分提問, 起證實或反證作用, 或只表示疑問語調(diào)的作用, 其肯定或否定與前一部分相反. 這一類反意疑問句實際上不表示疑問, 也并不一定要求對方回答
a. You haven’t done your homework, have you ?
b. You will be away for long, won’t you ?
2.第二類反意疑問句也由兩部分組成, 前一部分作肯定的陳述, 用肯定形式, 后一部分提問也用肯定形式, 表示說話人對第一部分的陳述的真實性有所懷疑, 請對方加以證實
a. He teaches English, does he ?
二.應(yīng)注意的問題:
1.疑問部分的主語與陳述部分的主語的對應(yīng):
①.陳述部分是there be結(jié)構(gòu)時, 疑問部分用be(not) ther提問
a. There is no doubt about it, is there ?
b. There are hundreds of students on the playground, aren’t there ?
②.陳述部分的主語是everyone, someone, anyone, no one等表示人的不定代詞時, 疑問部分主語多用they, 也可用he
a. Everyone knows his job, doesn’t he ? / Everyone knows their jobs, don’t they ?
③.陳述部分的主語是everything, nothing, something等表示物的不定代詞時, 疑問部分的主語用it.
a. Everything goes very well, doesn’t it ?
④.陳述部分的主語是each時, 如果強調(diào)單個, 疑問部分的主語用單數(shù)代詞; 如果強調(diào)全體, 疑問部分的主語用復(fù)數(shù)代詞
a. Each of the students has his own desk, doesn’t he ?
b. Each of the students passed the exam, didn’t they ?
c. Each of the pens has a red cap, doesn’t it ?
⑤.陳述部分的主語是不定式, 動名詞, 詞組或從句時, 疑問部分的主語用it
a. To drive a car is not easy, is it ?
b. Seeing is believing, isn’t it ?
c. That you are leaving soon is true, isn’t it ?
⑥.陳述部分的主語是this , that, these, those時, 疑問部分的主語要用it 或they
a. This is very important, isn’t it ?
b. These are the books you bought yesterday, aren’t they ?
2.疑問部分的不完全動詞與陳述部分的不完全動詞的對應(yīng):
①.陳述部分沒有不完全動詞(即謂語中只有實義動詞)時, 疑問部分用do的某形式來提問
a. He likes English very much, doesn’t he ?
b. He went to the cinema last Sunday, didn’t he ?
c. You have learned English for eight years, haven’t you ?
②.陳述部分的謂語是used to do(過去經(jīng)常)時, 疑問部分既可用used, 也可用did提問
a. He used to live in London, usedn’t / didn’t he ?
③.若在陳述部分將need / dare / have作為不完全動詞使用, 則疑問部分仍用need / dare / have提問; 若在陳述部分將need / dare / have作為實義動詞來用, 則疑問部分用do的某一形式提問
a. We need to do it right now, don’t we ?
b. We needn’t do it right now, need we ?
c. You have finished your homework, haven’t you ?
d. You have a computer of you own, don’t you ?
④.陳述部分有must表示 “一定是, 肯定是”的推測意義時, 疑問部分不用must提問, 而要根據(jù)must所表示的時間, 用do / be的某一形式來提問, 具體對應(yīng)情況見下表:
陳述部分謂語形式
含義
疑問部分用來提問的不完全動詞
must do / be
一般情況或現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)
do, am / is / are
must be doing
正在發(fā)生的情況
am / is / are
must have done
過去發(fā)生的情況
did
a. He must be a student in this school, isn’t he ?
b. You must be tired, aren’t you ?
c. They must be doing their lessons right now, aren’t they ?
d. You must have met him at the party yesterday, didn’t you ?
⑤.陳述部分有must表示“有必要”時, 疑問部分用needn’t提問
a. You must go home right now, needn’t you ?
3.其他問題:
①.陳述部分謂語出現(xiàn)有否定詞綴的動詞時, 疑問部分仍用否定結(jié)構(gòu)
a. He is unfit for his office, isn’t he ?
②.陳述部分含有no, never, hardly, seldom, few, little, nowhere, nothing等否定詞或半否定詞時, 疑問部分要用肯定形式
a. He hardly knows English, does he ?
③.陳述部分的主語是I時, 疑問部分中否定常用aren’t I.
a. I am your friend, aren’t I ?
④.陳述部分是I ( don’t ) think / believe / suppose / expect that….(即“否定轉(zhuǎn)移句”)時, 疑問部分要根據(jù)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句來作
a. I think he can finish the work, can’t he ?
b. I don’t think he can finish the work, can he ?
陳述部分謂語形式含義疑問部分用來提問的不完全動詞
must do / be一般情況或現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)do, am / is / are
must be doing正在發(fā)生的情況am / is / are
must have done過去發(fā)生的情況did
a. He must be a student in this school, isn’t he ?
b. You must be tired, aren’t you ?
c. They must be doing their lessons right now, aren’t they ?
d. You must have met him at the party yesterday, didn’t you ?
⑤.陳述部分有must表示“有必要”時, 疑問部分用needn’t提問
a. You must go home right now, needn’t you ?
3.其他問題:
①.陳述部分謂語出現(xiàn)有否定詞綴的動詞時, 疑問部分仍用否定結(jié)構(gòu)
a. He is unfit for his office, isn’t he ?
②.陳述部分含有no, never, hardly, seldom, few, little, nowhere, nothing等否定詞或半否定詞時, 疑問部分要用肯定形式
a. He hardly knows English, does he ?
③.陳述部分的主語是I時, 疑問部分中否定常用aren’t I.
a. I am your friend, aren’t I ?
④.陳述部分是I ( don’t ) think / believe / suppose / expect that….(即“否定轉(zhuǎn)移句”)時, 疑問部分要根據(jù)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句來作
a. I think he can finish the work, can’t he ?
b. I don’t think he can finish the work, can he ?
第二十章：直接引語與間接引語
一.直接引語與間接引語的轉(zhuǎn)換:
1.直接引語是陳述句, 變成間接引語時將陳述句變成that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
a. Mary said, “ I arrived yesterday.” =Mary said that she had arrived the day before.
b. Alice said, “ I’ve just got a letter from my father.” =Alice said that she had just got a letter from her father.
2.直接引語是一般疑問句, 變成間接引語時, 把一般疑問句變成由if / whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句, 同時將語序改成陳述語序, said變成asked, asked后沒有間接賓語時, 要加一個間接賓語如me / him /her等
a. Jane asked Tom, “ Have you finished writing the report ?” =Jane asked Tom if / whether he had finished writing the report.
b. Jane asked Dick, “ Have you finished writing the report ?” =Jane asked Dick if / whether he had finished writing the report.
3.直接引語是特殊疑問句, 變成間接引語時, 特殊疑問句變成由原疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句, 同時變成陳述語序
a. “What are you doing Jack ?” Mary asked. =Mary asked him what he was doing.
b. They asked him, “ When do you harvest the wheat ?” =They asked him when he harvested the wheat.
c. “When did you leave Shanghai ?” Peter asked me. =Peter asked me when I left Shanghai.
4.直接引語是祈使句, 變成間接引語時, 把祈使句變成一個不定式短語, 同時根據(jù)不同的口氣選用適當(dāng)?shù)闹^語動詞, 構(gòu)成ask / tell / order sb (not) to do sth.的結(jié)構(gòu)
a. “Don’t come late again.” he said. =He told me not to come late again.
b. “Turn the oil over, please.” He said. =He asked me to turn the soil over.
c. The farmer said, “ Don’t grow plants in the same place year after year.” =The farmer told me not to grow plants in the same place year after year.
二.應(yīng)注意的問題: 在直接引語變成間接引語時要注意以下問題
1.人稱代詞, 物主代詞要作相應(yīng)的變化, 這方面的變化與漢語的習(xí)慣完全相同
a. He said, “ I like it very much.” =He said that he liked it very much.
b. He said, “ I have left my book in your room.” =He said he had left his book in my room.
2.時態(tài)的變化: 如果主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時, 直接引語變成間接引語時, 從句的謂語動詞在時態(tài)方面要作相應(yīng)的變化(見下表); 如果主句的謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在時, 從句的時態(tài)無需變化
直接引語間接引語
一般現(xiàn)在時He said, “ I am afraid I can’t finish this work”一般過去時He said that he was afraid he couldn’t finish that work
現(xiàn)在進行時He said, “ I am using the knife.”過去進行時He said that he was using the knife.
現(xiàn)在完成時She said, “ I have not heard from him since May.”過去完成時She said that she had not heard from him since May.
一般過去時He said, “ I came to help you.”過去完成時He said that he had come to help me.
過去完成時He said, “ I had finished my homework before supper.”過去完成時He said that he had finished his homework before supper.
一般將來時Zhou Lan said, “ I will do it after class.”過去將來時Zhou Lan said that she would do it after class.
些指示代詞, 時間狀語, 地點狀語和動詞要做相應(yīng)的變化:
直接引語間接引語
this She said, “ I will come this morning.”thatShe said that she would go that morning.
theseHe said, “ These books are mine.”thoseHe said that those books were his.
nowHe said, “ It is nine o’clock now.”thenHe said that it was nine o’clock then.
todayHe said, “ I haven’t seen her today.”that dayHe said that he hadn’t seen her that day.
yesterdayShe said, “ I went there yesterday.”the day beforeShe said that she had gone there the day before.
tomorrowShe said, “ I will go there tomorrow.”the next / following dayShe said that she would go there the next day.
hereHe said, “ My sister was here three days ago.”thereHe said that his sister had been there three days before.
comeShe said, “ I will come here this evening.”goShe said that she would go there that evening.
agoHe said, “ I went there three days ago.”beforeHe said that he had gone there three days before.
last nightHe said, “ I saw the film last night.”the night beforeHe said that he had seen the film the night before.
next weekHe said, “ The meeting will be held next week.”the next weekHe said that the meeting would be held the next week.
4.直接引語如果是客觀真理, 變?yōu)殚g接引語時, 時態(tài)不變, 如:
a. He said, “ Light travels much faster than sound.” =He said that light travels much faster than sound.
5.如果在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述, here不必改為there, come不必改為go, yesterday / tomorrow等時間狀語也不必改變
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