2012年04月17日 01時(shí)16分，《2011英語(yǔ):2012小升初英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)：動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)》由出國(guó)留學(xué)網(wǎng)liuxue86.com英語(yǔ)編輯整理.
語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的接受者為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
1）若賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是不帶to 的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，該不定式前要加"to"。此類動(dòng)詞為感官動(dòng)詞。
feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, mak英語(yǔ)e, observe, see, notice, watch
The teacher made me go out of the classroom.
--> I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).
We saw him play football on the playground.
--> He was seen to play football on the playground.
2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be +過(guò)去分詞，構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.
過(guò)去完成時(shí)
1） 概念：表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去
----|-------|-----|---->其構(gòu)成是had +過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。
那時(shí)以前 那時(shí)現(xiàn)在
2） 用法
a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 狀語(yǔ)從句
在過(guò)去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在先，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示"原本…，未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
典型例題
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, leftB，were writing, has left C. had written, had leftD. were writing, had left
答案D. "把書忘在辦公室"發(fā)生在"去取書"這一過(guò)去的動(dòng)作之前，因此"忘了書"這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去的過(guò)去，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。句中when表示的是時(shí)間的一點(diǎn)，表示在"同學(xué)們正忙于……"這一背景下，when所引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。因此
前一句應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
注意：had no … when還沒(méi)等…… 就……
had no sooner… than剛…… 就……
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的接受者為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
1）若賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是不帶to 的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，該不定式前要加"to"。此類動(dòng)詞為感官動(dòng)詞。
feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, mak英語(yǔ)e, observe, see, notice, watch
The teacher made me go out of the classroom.
--> I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).
We saw him play football on the playground.
--> He was seen to play football on the playground.
2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be +過(guò)去分詞，構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.
過(guò)去完成時(shí)
1） 概念：表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去
----|-------|-----|---->其構(gòu)成是had +過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。
那時(shí)以前 那時(shí)現(xiàn)在
2） 用法
a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 狀語(yǔ)從句
在過(guò)去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在先，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示"原本…，未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
典型例題
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, leftB，were writing, has left C. had written, had leftD. were writing, had left
答案D. "把書忘在辦公室"發(fā)生在"去取書"這一過(guò)去的動(dòng)作之前，因此"忘了書"這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去的過(guò)去，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。句中when表示的是時(shí)間的一點(diǎn)，表示在"同學(xué)們正忙于……"這一背景下，when所引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。因此
前一句應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
注意：had no … when還沒(méi)等…… 就……
had no sooner… than剛…… 就……
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.