Test Twenty-Five
近義詞辨析
source, origin, root, resource
這組詞均含有“打破”或“擠碎”的意思。
source和origin
都表示某事的“起源，開端”。source原指河流的源頭，其引申義可用來(lái)指某事物的最初來(lái)源或出處，在指非物質(zhì)或無(wú)形的事物時(shí)尤其如此。source還常指消息等的“來(lái)源，出處”。?origin常譯為“起源，發(fā)源，起因”，指導(dǎo)致某事物最后出現(xiàn)或形成的因素，或某事物在遙遠(yuǎn)的空間以外或久遠(yuǎn)的年代以前的最初形態(tài)，常表示某種歷史文化現(xiàn)象、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣的“起源”，有時(shí)可譯為“起因”。
root的意義是“根源，起因”，它強(qiáng)調(diào)導(dǎo)致某事物最終出現(xiàn)的最初的、最根本的、最重要的原因，由此所產(chǎn)生的現(xiàn)象或事物常成為一種外觀的產(chǎn)物。
resource
主要指一個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)可以取用的“資源，財(cái)力，資產(chǎn)”，一般以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。resource也可指人在處理問(wèn)題時(shí)所表現(xiàn)出的“才智，機(jī)敏”，此時(shí)resource為不可數(shù)名詞。
Literature is a source of endless pleasure to many thousands.文學(xué)是很多人快樂的無(wú)盡源泉。
Do you know the origin of the custom of giving presents at Christmas?你知道在圣誕節(jié)互贈(zèng)禮品這一風(fēng)俗的來(lái)源嗎?
The root of the question lay in the seizure of the land of Ireland by the English ruling class.這個(gè)問(wèn)題的根源在于英國(guó)統(tǒng)治階級(jí)對(duì)愛爾蘭土地的攫取。
The mortgage is a drain on our financial resources.償還抵押貸款是我們財(cái)務(wù)上的一大負(fù)擔(dān)。
ordinary, mediocre, commonplace
這組詞均含有“平常的，普通的”的意思。
ordinary
意為“普通的，通常的”，使用范圍較廣，也有“平淡”之意，但不含貶義。
mediocre
意思是“平常，平庸的”，表示事物既不很好，也不很壞，但比所期望的差，隱含“二流”之意。如放在副詞only或just后，則加重其貶義。
commonplace
意為“平常的，平凡的”，強(qiáng)調(diào)期望與事實(shí)差距懸殊，常用作貶義。
It is an ordinary summer day.這是個(gè)平常的夏日。
He is a person of mediocre abilities.他是平庸之才。
He’s not at all exciting. In fact, he’s really rather commonplace.他毫不出奇，實(shí)際上平庸得很。
全真模擬試題
1.?____?, he is always modest.
A. With all his profound knowledge
B. Because of all his profound knowledge?
C. With his all profound knowledge
D. For his profound knowledge
2. His honesty is ?____? ; nobody can doubt it.
A. in question B. out of question
C. beside the question D. without question
3. When cooking a delicious dish, this kind of spice ?____? into account.
A. must be taken B. was taken
C. had been taken D. would have been taken
4. It was not until he took up fishing that he ?____? to relax.
A. had been beginning B. began
C. had begun D. beginning
5. Not only you but also I ?____? mistaken on this point.
A. are B. were C. have D. am
6. Twenty pounds ?____? enough for such a poor family spend for a month.
A. were B. being C. have been D. was
7. The president of the college, together with the deans, ?____? planning a conference for the purpose of laying down a series of regulations.
A. were B. are C. Is D. will
8. Many a person ?____? at the gate of the department store.
A. is standing B. are standing
C. have been standing D. have stood
9. “I got to my office on time.”“What if your car?____?”?
A. would broken down B. broke down
C. breaks down D. had broken down
10. If the weather had been more favorable, the crops ?____? still better.
A. will be growing B. are growing
C. would have been growing D. would be growing
11. Before the invention of refrigeration, the ?____? of fish and meat was a thorny problem.
A. keeping B. maintaining
C. protection D. preservation
12. A sudden movement caught the pony’s attention and he instantly became ?____? and alert.
A. doubtful B. suspicious
C. suspecting D. hesitating
13. During their first teacher?training year, the students often visited local schools for the ?____? of lessons.
A. investigation B. observation
C. inspection D. observance
14. I’ll be very glad that you agree to?____? this matter.
A. look up B. look for
C. look over D. look into
15. As there was a power cut in the hospital, the surgeon had to ?____? the operation.
A. call for B. call off
C. call on D. call out
16. From ancient times, the valley of the Nile has been made ?____? by the river floods.
A. famous B. deserted C. attractive D. fertile
17. The manager made a far?seeing decision ?____? what she had said.
A. in the light of B. in the course of
C. in favor of D. in the face of
18. Each household ?____? five pounds of meat every month.
A. availed B. allocated
C. was endowed with D. was entitled to
19. All the information we have collected in relation to that case ?______? very little.
A. comes up to B. makes up for
C. stands up for D. adds up to
20. The manager was pleased with increased ?____? from the factory.
A. outcome B. output C. outset D. outlet
21. The curtains were put up only months ago, but they have ?____? badly.
A. shaded B. faded
C. fainted D. withered
22. If you find that chair too hard, I’ll bring you a ?____? .
A. pillow B. mat
C. comforter D. cushion
23. Only the headwaiter has some professional hotel ?____? so the service is rather slow and inefficient.
A. learning B. training
C. teaching D. instructing
24. Fred doesn’t like white coffee, nor does he like to put cream on his strawberries, because he prefers them ?____?.
A. plain B. simple C. natural D. ordinary
25. The economists are not quite optimistic about the economic ?____? for Europe.
A. outlook B. insight C. opinion D. attitude
試題答案與解析
1. A)【句意】他盡管學(xué)識(shí)淵博，但始終很謙遜。
【難點(diǎn)】句型“for all +one’s+名詞或從句”以及“with all (one’s+名詞或從句)”為習(xí)慣性用語(yǔ)，常用來(lái)表示讓步狀語(yǔ)， for all或with all 相當(dāng)于in spite of all，意為“盡管，雖然”。
2. D)【句意】他的誠(chéng)實(shí)是無(wú)可懷疑的，沒有人能懷疑這一點(diǎn)。
【難點(diǎn)】without question 意為“無(wú)可懷疑的”。in question 意為“在考慮中的，在議論中的”。out of question 意為“不成問(wèn)題”。beside the question 無(wú)此搭配。
3. A)【句意】烹飪一道好菜時(shí)，必須考慮使用這種調(diào)料。
【難點(diǎn)】由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)中的a delicious dish 可以看出，此句意在說(shuō)明一個(gè)普遍的事實(shí)，而不是特指烹飪某一道菜，所以無(wú)須使用過(guò)去時(shí)，而只需使用表示普遍情況的一般時(shí)。
4. B)【句意】直到他開始以釣魚為樂，他才開始得到了輕松的休息。
【難點(diǎn)】此句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，所強(qiáng)調(diào)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句部分的動(dòng)作幾乎和主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí)，因而主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用過(guò)去時(shí)便可。
5. D)【句意】不僅你，我也在這點(diǎn)上犯了錯(cuò)誤。
【難點(diǎn)】按照英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法，由not only…but also構(gòu)成的主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)按照就近關(guān)系，因此此句只能選擇D)。
6. D)【句意】二十鎊足夠這樣一個(gè)貧困的家庭花一個(gè)月了。
【難點(diǎn)】表示時(shí)間度量等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常常作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。?7. C)【句意】校長(zhǎng)與系主任正打算召開一次會(huì)議，以制定一系列規(guī)章制度。
【難點(diǎn)】由“together with (as well as, but, including) +名詞”構(gòu)成的介詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾主語(yǔ)的句子，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須與主語(yǔ)保持一致，而無(wú)須考慮以上介詞的賓語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。
8.A)【句意】許多人站在百貨大樓的門前。
【難點(diǎn)】many a +可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式意為“許多…”，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須使用單數(shù)形式。
9. D)【句意】“我按時(shí)到了辦公室。”“假如你的車壞了會(huì)怎么樣?”
【難點(diǎn)】what if 意為“倘使…將會(huì)怎樣”，由其構(gòu)成的虛擬條件句通常用過(guò)去時(shí)表示將來(lái)，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去時(shí)，本句意在表達(dá)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，所以條件句子中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須采用D)。
10. D)【句意】如果那時(shí)天氣更好一點(diǎn)的話，現(xiàn)在莊稼長(zhǎng)得會(huì)更好。
【難點(diǎn)】此句為一錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句。本句中的從句表達(dá)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的一個(gè)假設(shè)，按照常規(guī)虛擬語(yǔ)氣句的要求，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為would have grown，表達(dá)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反;但主句實(shí)際要表達(dá)的是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為would be growing。
11. D)【句意】在冷凍法發(fā)明前，魚和肉的保存是個(gè)棘手的問(wèn)題。
【難點(diǎn)】preservation 意為“保存，防腐”;keeping 意為“保存;保留”，maintaining 意為“維持;保持;使繼續(xù);”protection意為“保護(hù)，防護(hù)”。
12. B)【句意】有東西突然一動(dòng)，引起了小馬的注意，他立刻警覺起來(lái)，變得多疑。
【難點(diǎn)】suspicious 意為“猜疑的，多疑的”，后接of， about ;doubtful 意為“不確知的;懷疑的”，常與about 和of連用; suspecting和hesitating是現(xiàn)在分詞，不合本句句意。
13. B)【句意】學(xué)生實(shí)習(xí)當(dāng)老師的第一年，常常參觀當(dāng)?shù)貙W(xué)校，觀察課是怎么上的。
【難點(diǎn)】observation意為“觀察;監(jiān)視”;investigation 意為“調(diào)查，調(diào)查研究”;inspection 意為“檢閱，檢查”;observance意為“觀察，注意”，不常用。
14. D)【句意】我很高興你同意調(diào)查這件事。
【難點(diǎn)】look into 意為“調(diào)查”;look up 意為“(在詞典，參考書中)查找”; look for 意為“尋找”;look over 意為“查看，參觀”。
15. B)【句意】由于醫(yī)院停電，那位外科醫(yī)生不得不取消手術(shù)。
【難點(diǎn)】call off 意為“取消”;call for 意為“需要，需求”;call on 意為“號(hào)召，呼吁”;call out 意為“召喚…行動(dòng)”。
16. D)【句意】從古代起，尼羅河谷就被泛濫的河水變成一片沃土。
【難點(diǎn)】fertile 意為“肥沃的，富饒的”;famous 意為“出名的”;deserted 意為“無(wú)人居住的，荒廢的”;attractive意為“有吸引力的”。
17. A)【句意】經(jīng)理根據(jù)她說(shuō)的話作了個(gè)有遠(yuǎn)見的決定。
【難點(diǎn)】in the light of 意為“根據(jù)”;in the course of 意為“在…期間，在…過(guò)程中”;in favor of 意為“贊同，支持”;in the face of意為“在…面前，面對(duì)…”。
18. D)【句意】每戶每月只有權(quán)買五磅肉。
【難點(diǎn)】entitle 意為“把權(quán)利給某人”，常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，后接動(dòng)詞不定式或to+動(dòng)名詞;avail 意為“有助于，有用于”;allocate 意為“分配，分派”;endow 意為“賦予;資助，向…捐錢”，后接with。
19. D)【句意】我們搜集到的有關(guān)那個(gè)案件的所有信息幾乎不起任何作用。
【難點(diǎn)】add up to意為“總計(jì)，共達(dá)”，add up to very little 意為“幾乎不起作用”;come up to 意為“等于，比得上;達(dá)到(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等)”;make up for 意為“補(bǔ)償;彌補(bǔ)”;stand up for 意為“支持”。
20. B)【句意】經(jīng)理對(duì)增產(chǎn)感到很滿意。
【難點(diǎn)】output 意為“產(chǎn)量”;outcome意為“結(jié)果;成果”;outset 意為“開始，起初”;outlet 意為“發(fā)泄(情感)，銷路，出口”。
21. B)【句意】窗簾才掛上幾個(gè)月，可現(xiàn)在已嚴(yán)重褪色。
【難點(diǎn)】fade 意為“褪色，衰退，變?nèi)?rdquo;;shade 意為“遮蔽，覆蓋”;faint意為“暈倒，昏厥”; wither 意為“(草木)枯萎;凋謝”。
22. D)【句意】你要是感覺那把椅子太硬，我就給你拿一個(gè)坐墊。
【難點(diǎn)】cushion 意為“墊子，坐墊”;pillow 意為“枕頭;mat意為“席子”;comforter意為“被褥”。
23. B)【句意】只有領(lǐng)班受過(guò)一些專業(yè)酒店培訓(xùn)，所以服務(wù)質(zhì)量特差，工作效率特低。
【難點(diǎn)】training 意為“訓(xùn)練，教育，培訓(xùn)”; learning意為“學(xué)習(xí)”;teaching意為“教學(xué)，講授”;instructing 意為“指導(dǎo)，指令”。
24. A)【句意】弗萊得不喜歡加牛奶的咖啡，也不喜歡在草莓上加奶油，因?yàn)樗矚g清淡的食物。
【難點(diǎn)】plain 意為“(食物等)素凈的，清淡的”; simple 意為“簡(jiǎn)樸的，樸素的”;natural 意為“自然的，天然的”;ordinary 意為“普遍的，慣常的”。
25. A)【句意】經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家對(duì)歐洲的經(jīng)濟(jì)前景不抱樂觀態(tài)度。
【難點(diǎn)】outlook意為“展望，前景”;insight意為“遠(yuǎn)見;洞察力”;opinion 意為“意見，看法，主張”;attitude 意為“態(tài)度，看法”。