2014年英語專四考試詞匯語法題考前練兵(30)

字號(hào):


    Test Thirty
    近義詞辨析
    choose, select, pick out
    這組詞皆有“選擇”之意。
    choose在這三個(gè)詞中是最常用的,可以表示進(jìn)行一般的“選擇”,有時(shí)也可以表示“決擇”,它較側(cè)重意志和判斷。
    select和pickout 而select和pick out通常指在三者或三者以上中作出選擇。
    select比 pick out 更為正式,select通常指經(jīng)過慎重考慮而作出的選擇select和choose有時(shí)可以通用,主要不同在于:choose往往指以個(gè)人的好惡或?qū)€(gè)人是否合適為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來“選擇”,而select則更加強(qiáng)調(diào)被“選擇”的事物在客觀上的優(yōu)劣。
    choose有“選定之后就要堅(jiān)持從事”的意思,而select則沒有此意,例如在選擇一生的職業(yè)、事業(yè)及愛人等時(shí),只能用choose而不能用select。
    choose一般指在兩者之間作出選擇,有時(shí)也可指在三者之間作出選擇。
    The samples are for you to choose from.這些樣品供你挑選。
    Most of the delegates to the conference are selected from model workers.出席大會(huì)的大多數(shù)人是從工人模范中挑選出來的。
    The couples decide to choose gardening as their profession.這對(duì)夫婦決定選擇園藝作為他們的職業(yè)。
    Mary spent three hours picking out a red skirt at the store.瑪麗花了三個(gè)小時(shí)在店里挑了一條紅裙子。
    全真模擬試題
    1. The committee members resented ?____? themof the meeting.
    A. the president that he did no tell
    B. the president not to inform
    C. the president’s not informing
    D. the president that he failed informing
    2. Nancy hasn’t begun working on her Ph. D. ?____? working on her master’s.
    A. still because she is yet
    B. yet as a result she is still
    C. yet because she is still
    D. still while she is already
    3. The ?____? capacity of the stadium has been enlarged.
    A. sitting B. seat C. seated D. seating
    4. Mr. Cooper gave his money to those whom he considered ?____?.
    A. as most worthy B. as being most worthy
    C. was most worthy D. most worthy
    5. Coal, though ?____? than either oil or gas, is still a finite resource.
    A. much energy more abundant source
    B. the much more energy abundant source
    C. a much more abundant energy source
    D. energy source more abundant
    6. The fuzzy, overstuffed quality of nineteenth?century prose resulted from using ten words ?____? one wouldhave sufficed.
    A. where B. which C. that D. what
    7. I didn’t go to the party last night, because ?____?, I changed my mind.
    A. on a second thought B. by second thoughts
    C. on second thoughts D. on the second thought
    8. I’d get it for you ?____? I could remember who last borrowed it.
    A. except that B. if only
    C. on condition that D. considering whether
    9. In 1890 there were many American cities and towns where part of a day’s school instruction was conducted in languages ?____? English.
    A. more than B. except C. other than D. except for
    10. The student was delighted to be offered a summer job ?____?.
    A. that rewarded two dollars hourly
    B. that paid two dollars an hour
    C. with two?dollar pay in an hour
    D. with a pay of two?dollar per hour
    11. The news you told me the other day has to be ?____?.
    A. conformed B. confirmed C. informed D. affirmed
    12. Quite a few people watch TV only to ?____? time.
    A. spare B. spend C. waste D. pass
    13. She has only a two?week vacation during the year ?____? that other workers get more time off.
    A. in spite of B. besides
    C. despite D. despite the fact
    14. Some hard plastics can be ?____? metals in manufacturing machine parts.
    A. substituted for B. taken the place of
    C. replaced in D. given way to
    15. I noticed the meals were well ?____? what was charged for him.
    A. worthwhile B. worthy of C. worthy D. worth
    16. He broke the world ?____? for the 200?meter race.
    A. grade B. level C. standard D. record
    17. The accident did very little ?____? to either car.
    A. destruction B. ruin C. damage D. disaster
    18. He rescued the child at the ?____? of his own life.
    A. danger B. risk C. hazard D. edge
    19. The children performed a very ?____? dance for their parents.
    A. gracious B. smart C. graceful D. precise
    20. People improperly dressed will not be ?____? to this hotel.
    A. accepted B. admitted C. permitted D. allowed
    21. My father was ?____? by the neighbors that we were in great danger.
    A. warned B. charged C. accused D. blamed
    22. Jones and Edwards are, ?____?, the producer and director of the movie.
    A. responsively B. respectfully
    C. respectively D. respectably
    23. Peter was ?____? to Ted for not having attended the party.
    A. excusing B. punishing C. apologizing D. pardoning
    24. I cannot read your writing. It is ?____?.
    A. illegible B. legible C. eligible D. ineligible
    25. I’ll try as hard as I can but I don’t think I have much ?____? of winning the game.
    A. luck B. opportunity C. chance D. fortune
    試題答案與解析
    1. C)【句意】委員會(huì)成員對(duì)總統(tǒng)不通知他們參加會(huì)議感到憤怒。
    【難點(diǎn)】resent是及物動(dòng)詞,后面要求接動(dòng)名詞。本句中,動(dòng)名詞前多了一個(gè)邏輯主語,所以要在邏輯主語后加’s才能構(gòu)成正確的語法形式。
    2. C)【句意】南希還沒有開始攻讀博士學(xué)位,因?yàn)樗栽谧x碩士學(xué)位。
    【難點(diǎn)】yet和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式連用;still和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連用。
    3. D)【句意】體育場的座席容量增大了。
    【難點(diǎn)】seating意為“座席排列,席位排列”;seated意為“就座的,坐好了的”;seat意為“座位”;sitting意為“正坐著的”。
    4. D)【句意】庫柏先生把錢給那些他認(rèn)為最值得給的人。
    【難點(diǎn)】在whom引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句中,whom作considered的賓語,considered要求賓語的后面加賓語補(bǔ)足語,這個(gè)賓語補(bǔ)足語一般為形容詞。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,只有D)合乎語法要求。
    5. C)【句意】雖然煤是一種比石油和天然氣都豐富的能源,但它仍然是一種有限的資源。
    【難點(diǎn)】本句考查層迭修飾。energy source為“能源”,前面用abundant修飾,變成“豐富的能源”,后面再加much more變成比較級(jí),與than呼應(yīng)。source為可數(shù)名詞。
    6. A)【句意】十九世紀(jì)散文那種模模糊糊、堆砌詞藻的寫作風(fēng)格源于本來一個(gè)詞就足夠的地方卻用了十個(gè)詞這一現(xiàn)象。
    【難點(diǎn)】where引導(dǎo)一個(gè)表示地點(diǎn)的定語從句。
    7. C)【句意】昨天晚上,我沒去參加晚會(huì),因?yàn)槿己?,我改變了主意?BR>    【難點(diǎn)】on second thoughts意為“進(jìn)一步考慮之后”,是習(xí)慣搭配。
    8. B)【句意】我要是能想起來上次是誰借的,我就把它給你拿來。
    【難點(diǎn)】if only后接虛擬語氣的句子,與題意正相符。
    9. C)【句意】1890年,許多美國城鎮(zhèn)里的學(xué)校都用英語以外的語言進(jìn)行一部分教學(xué)活動(dòng)。
    【難點(diǎn)】other than意為“…以外的,不同于”;except意為“除了”,常用于否定句,但不用于句首。except for意為“除了”,指不同類事物;more than意為“多于,不僅僅”。
    10. B)【句意】這個(gè)學(xué)生得到一個(gè)暑假勤工儉學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì),每小時(shí)兩美元,他感到十分高興。
    【難點(diǎn)】that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)限制性定語從句,修飾job。two dollars an hour符合語言習(xí)慣,其它幾項(xiàng)不符合語言習(xí)慣。
    11. B)【句意】你那天告訴我的消息有待于進(jìn)一步證實(shí)。
    【難點(diǎn)】confirm意為“證實(shí),確定”;conform意為“遵從,一致,適應(yīng)”;inform意為“通知,告知;報(bào)告”;affirm意為“證實(shí);斷言”,與confirm不同。affirm是將某事肯定
    下來,而confirm是證明一件事的真假。
    12. D)【句意】很多人看電視是為了消磨時(shí)光。
    【難點(diǎn)】pass意為“度過(時(shí)光)”,pass time意為“消磨時(shí)間”;spare意為“騰出;抽出”;spend意為“花(時(shí)間);度過”;waste意為“浪費(fèi),濫用”。
    13. D)【句意】盡管其他工人有更多的時(shí)間休息,而她全年只有二個(gè)星期假期。
    【難點(diǎn)】in spite of等于despite,都是介詞,意為“盡管,雖然”,后接名詞;besides意為“除了”;despite the fact后接that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句,正合題意。
    14. A)【句意】在生產(chǎn)機(jī)器零件時(shí),有些硬塑料可被用來代替金屬。
    【難點(diǎn)】substitute…for…意為“用…代替”;take the place of意為“代替(某人)”;replace意為“代替,取代;接替”;give way to意為“讓步;屈服”。
    15. D)【句意】我注意到這些飯菜很值他所付的錢。
    【難點(diǎn)】worth意為“值得”,后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞;worthwhile意為“值得的;值得做的”;worthy意為“應(yīng)得的”,后常接of。
    16. D)【句意】他打破了200米跑世界記錄。
    【難點(diǎn)】record意為“記錄”;grade意為“(用字母表示的)成績,分?jǐn)?shù)”;level意為“水平,程度”;standard意為“標(biāo)準(zhǔn),水準(zhǔn)”。
    17. C)【句意】那兩輛相撞的小汽車受損不大。
    【難點(diǎn)】damage意為“損害,損失”,用于詞組do damage to 中;destruction意為“破壞;消滅”;ruin意為“滅亡,沒落,毀滅”,disaster意為“災(zāi)難,大禍”。
    18. B)【句意】他冒著生命危險(xiǎn)救了那個(gè)孩子。
    【難點(diǎn)】at the risk of意為“冒…的危險(xiǎn)”,是習(xí)慣搭配;risk是“風(fēng)險(xiǎn),冒險(xiǎn)”;danger是“危險(xiǎn)”;hazard意為“危險(xiǎn),危險(xiǎn)物”,是書面語,后接to;edge意為“邊緣”。
    19. C)【句意】孩子們?yōu)榧议L表演了優(yōu)美的舞蹈。
    【難點(diǎn)】graceful意為“優(yōu)美的,優(yōu)雅的;得體的”;gracious意為“親切的,和藹的;有禮的”;smart意為“漂亮的,時(shí)髦的;巧妙的”;precise意為“準(zhǔn)確的,精確的”。
    20. B)【句意】穿著不得體的人不準(zhǔn)進(jìn)入旅館。
    【難點(diǎn)】admit意為“準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入”;accept意為“接受,接收”;permit意為“準(zhǔn)許”,用于permit sb to do結(jié)構(gòu)中;allow意為“允許”,用于allow sb to do結(jié)構(gòu)中。allow與permit有所不同。allow指給予權(quán)力或特權(quán),或表示不使用權(quán)力來制止;permit表示經(jīng)過同意而準(zhǔn)許或授權(quán),暗指有權(quán)阻止某事發(fā)生。該詞還可指因符合行政法令而允許。
    21. A)【句意】鄰居警告我父親說我們處于危險(xiǎn)之中。
    【難點(diǎn)】warn意為“警告;告誡,提醒”;charge意為“告發(fā),控告”;accuse也是“控告,告發(fā)”;blame意為“責(zé)備;非難;譴責(zé)”。accuse和charge有所不同。accuse直接涉及的行為者為人,常指直接或尖刻的歸罪或指責(zé);charge用于正式語體中,指法庭依法控告,常指犯罪的嚴(yán)重性及指控的正式性。
    22. C)【句意】瓊斯和愛得華分別是這部電影的制片人和導(dǎo)演。
    【難點(diǎn)】respectively意為“各自地,分別地”;responsibly意為“負(fù)責(zé)任地”;respectfully意為“恭敬地”;respectably意為“可觀地”。
    23. C)【句意】彼得正為沒參加那個(gè)晚會(huì)向泰得道歉。
    【難點(diǎn)】apologize意為“道歉”,用于apologize to sb for sth結(jié)構(gòu)中;excuse意為“原諒,寬恕”;punish意為“懲罰”;pardon意為“饒恕;原諒”。excuse與pardon有所不同。excuse指原諒在談話中或交往中出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤行為或犯錯(cuò)誤的人;pardon較為正式,常指對(duì)做錯(cuò)事的人予以寬恕,尤指由國家機(jī)關(guān)按法律正式赦免。
    24. A)【句意】我讀不懂你寫的字,太潦草。
    【難點(diǎn)】illegible意為“(字跡)模糊的,難以辨認(rèn)的,難讀的”;legible意為“(字跡)清楚的,易讀的”;eligible意為“有資格當(dāng)選的,有條件被選中的”;ineligible意為“無資格的;不合格的”。
    25. A)【句意】我將盡我所能,但我想我沒有多少贏得比賽的運(yùn)氣。
    【難點(diǎn)】luck意為“運(yùn)氣,命運(yùn)”;opportunity意為“機(jī)會(huì),時(shí)機(jī)”;chance意為“機(jī)會(huì),可能性”;fortune亦為“運(yùn)氣,時(shí)運(yùn)”。opportunity和chance辨析:opportunity指為做某事提供了開端的機(jī)會(huì),特別是適合于自己愛好、抱負(fù)、目的、愿望的機(jī)會(huì)或前提。chance主要表示幸運(yùn)或偶然的機(jī)會(huì);特別是在否定的表示中,只表示公平或正常的機(jī)會(huì)。