Python簡單技巧和常用參考

    python文件支持中文
    # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
    執(zhí)行shell命令
    from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
    def run_cmd(cmd):
    #Popen call wrapper.return (code, stdout, stderr)
    child = Popen(cmd, stdin = PIPE, stdout = PIPE, stderr = PIPE, shell = True)
    out, err = child.communicate()
    ret = child.wait()
    return (ret, out, err)
    獲取當(dāng)前python腳本文件所在路徑
    import os
    os.path.split(os.path.realpath(__file__))[0]
    json模塊 import的問題
    try :
    import json
    except :
    import simplejson as json
    使用json工具格式化json
    #python 2.7以下
    echo ＼'{＼"hello＼":1}＼' | python -m simplejson.tool
    #python 2.7及以上
    echo ＼'{＼"hello＼":1}＼' | python -m json.tool
    一般調(diào)用步驟
    Py_Initialize(); //初始化Python環(huán)境
    PyImport_ImportModule("test"); // 載入python模塊
    PyObject_GetAttrString(g_pModule,"test1"); //獲得相應(yīng)Python函數(shù)的PyObject
    PyObject_CallFunction(test1,"i,s",2,e); //調(diào)用Python相應(yīng)的函數(shù)
    Py_Finalize(); //結(jié)束
    C語言的示例代碼
    #include <python2.7/Python.h>
    int main(){
    PyObject * g_pModule = NULL;
    Py_Initialize(); //使用python之前，要調(diào)用Py_Initialize();這個(gè)函數(shù)進(jìn)行初始化
    if (!Py_IsInitialized())
    {
    printf("init error＼n");
    return -1;
    }
    PyRun_SimpleString("import sys");
    PyRun_SimpleString("sys.path.append('./')");
    g_pModule =PyImport_ImportModule("mytest");//這里是要調(diào)用的文件名,我們這里是當(dāng)前目錄下test.py
    if (!g_pModule) {
    printf("Cant open python file!＼n");
    return -2;
    }
    PyObject * test1 = PyObject_GetAttrString(g_pModule,"test1");//這里是要調(diào)用的函數(shù)名
    PyObject *objResult = PyObject_CallFunction(test1,"i,s",2,e);//調(diào)用函數(shù)
    if (!objResult){
    printf("invoke function fail＼n");
    }
    PyObject * test2= PyObject_GetAttrString(g_pModule,"test2");//這里是要調(diào)用的函數(shù)名
    objResult = PyObject_CallFunction(test2,"i",2);//調(diào)用函數(shù)
    char * x = PyString_AsString(objResult);
    printf("%s＼n",x);
    Py_Finalize();//調(diào)用Py_Finalize，這個(gè)跟Py_Initialize相對(duì)應(yīng)的。
    }
    Python程序mytest.py
    def test1(s,str):
    print s+str
    return 0
    def test2(s):
    return s
    C程序的編譯方法
    #假設(shè)我們的python編譯的時(shí)候安裝在/opt/python里，那么我們可以用這樣的命令來編譯程序
    $gcc -I/opt/python/include -L/opt/python/lib/ -lpython2.7 test.c
    注意: 這里要求python編譯的時(shí)候，需要有動(dòng)態(tài)鏈接庫即加上--enable-shared
    ./configure --prefix=/opt/python --enable-shared