下列病名前一般用a/an：
i have an ache in my head (a pain in the neck).
he has a cold/a fever.
特指時需要用the。例如：
jim has never really got over the malaria(瘧疾)he caught in the east.
f) 一般不用于表示“膳食”的名詞前，但有形容詞修飾時用the。例如：
breakfast is served at eight.
the wedding breakfast was held in her father’s house.
如果泛指，用a/an。例如：
he gave us a good breakfast.
g) bed, church, college, court, hospital, market, prison, school, sea和work等名詞用來指有關(guān)活動時，一般不用冠詞。例如：
it’s time for children to go to bed. (指to sleep)
he goes to church every sunday. (指to pray)
after the crash，seven people were taken to hospital. (指to be cured)
he spent six months in prison. (指to be punished)
after i leave school, i want to go to (a) university. (指to study)
ken is a seaman. he spends most of his life at sea. (指to sail)
注：在美國英語中，通常用a/the hospital，a university。
出于其他目的，如去參觀、訪問這些地方或談到這些地方時，根據(jù)情況用 a 或 the。
例如：
there is a bed in the room.
she was putting clean sheets on the bed.
the workmen went to the church to repair the roof.
tom went to the prison to visit his brother.
i would love to live near the sea.
home 單獨(dú)使用時，無冠詞;有修飾語時，用 the 或 a。例如：
she left home.
we went to the bride’s home.
i don’t have a home to go to in this city.
h) 當(dāng)cinema, theatre, radio等名詞用于表示“看電影、看戲、聽無線電”時，一般要用 the。例如：
we went to the cinema last night.
do you often go to the theatre?
i heard the news on the radio.
television 用于表示“看電視”時不用 the。例如：
i watched the news on television.
指“電視機(jī)”時用the。例如：
can you turn off the television, please?(=the television set)
注：許多固定詞組中的名詞前通常沒有冠詞，需要熟記，如day after day，husband and wife，father and son，lock and key，heaven and hell等。
exercise 5
a.fill in the blanks with a or the where necessary:
1. after lunch, we went for walk by sea.
2. steam-engine was invented before internal combustion engine(內(nèi)燃機(jī)).
3. bat, they say, judges distances by kind of echo-location.
4. he goes to church every sunday; church he usually goes to has seats for over thousand.
5. this is most useful reference book i have on this subject.
6. we have good market in town where we buy our fruit and _______ vegetables.
7. prison in this town is grim-looking building.
8. youngest boy has just started going to school; eldest boy is at college.
9. dead no longer need help. we must concern ourselves with living.
10. john became manager and secretary of the company same time.
b.insert a or the where necessary:
1. horse is noble animal and faithful servant of man.
2. chess is game which requires great skill and patience.
3. the stranger went to school to complain about behaviour(行為)of one of pupils.
4. dinner was good, but i did not enjoy speeches that came after it.
5. an important aspect in developing motivation(動力，促動因素)is setting of goals.
6. —he got bronchitis(支氣管炎) and was taken to hospital. i expect they’ll send him home at end of week.
—have you rung hospital to ask how he is?
7. didn’t you hear that news over radio this morning?
8. flute(長笛) is my favourite instrument.
9. we have very good train service from here to city center and most people go to work by train. you can go by bus, too, of course, but you can’t get season ticket on bus.
10. everywhere man has cut down forests in order to cultivate ground, or to use wood as fuel or as building material.
3) 專用名詞前定冠詞的主要用法
a) 一般不用于單數(shù)人名前，但特指或強(qiáng)調(diào)時需用the。例如：
he’s the mr. smith i saw yesterday.
也可說：
a mr. smith has come here. (=a man called smith has come here.)
復(fù)數(shù)人名前需用the，如the johnsons, the coopers。
b) 不用于“頭銜+人名”前，但有頭銜無人名時需用the，以表示特指。例如：
i saw queen elizabeth when l was in london。
i saw the queen when i was in london.
c) 不用于國家、省市等名詞前，但由短語組成的國名，或以s結(jié)尾的國名前需要用the。例如：
the philippines the netherlands
the united states the united kingdom
注：the ukraine, the congo, the sudan, the hague為例外。
d) 用于表示國籍、民族的名詞前。例如：
the british the chinese
the dutch the english
下列名詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式：
(the) russians (the) italians
(the) arabs (the) scots
c) 用于表示地區(qū)的名詞前。例如：
the middle east the far east
the north of england (但是：northern england)
f) 不用于街道、建筑等名詞前，但有 of 介詞短語修飾時，需用the。例如：
broadway red square
the tower of london the great wall of china
sam lives on l2th street.
they changed the name of sixth avenue to the avenue of americas.
g) 用于河流、海洋、群島、山脈、海峽、海灣名詞前。例如：
the mississippi the atlantic
the philippine islands the andes
the english channel the persian gulf
但不用于單個島嶼、山峰前。例如：
sicily (mount)etna
h) 不用于大學(xué)名稱前，但有 of 介詞短語修飾時，需用the。例如：
yale university oxford university
the university of north carolina
i) 不用于雜志名詞前，但用于報紙名詞前。例如：
newsweek natural history
the daily news the washington post
i have an ache in my head (a pain in the neck).
he has a cold/a fever.
特指時需要用the。例如：
jim has never really got over the malaria(瘧疾)he caught in the east.
f) 一般不用于表示“膳食”的名詞前，但有形容詞修飾時用the。例如：
breakfast is served at eight.
the wedding breakfast was held in her father’s house.
如果泛指，用a/an。例如：
he gave us a good breakfast.
g) bed, church, college, court, hospital, market, prison, school, sea和work等名詞用來指有關(guān)活動時，一般不用冠詞。例如：
it’s time for children to go to bed. (指to sleep)
he goes to church every sunday. (指to pray)
after the crash，seven people were taken to hospital. (指to be cured)
he spent six months in prison. (指to be punished)
after i leave school, i want to go to (a) university. (指to study)
ken is a seaman. he spends most of his life at sea. (指to sail)
注：在美國英語中，通常用a/the hospital，a university。
出于其他目的，如去參觀、訪問這些地方或談到這些地方時，根據(jù)情況用 a 或 the。
例如：
there is a bed in the room.
she was putting clean sheets on the bed.
the workmen went to the church to repair the roof.
tom went to the prison to visit his brother.
i would love to live near the sea.
home 單獨(dú)使用時，無冠詞;有修飾語時，用 the 或 a。例如：
she left home.
we went to the bride’s home.
i don’t have a home to go to in this city.
h) 當(dāng)cinema, theatre, radio等名詞用于表示“看電影、看戲、聽無線電”時，一般要用 the。例如：
we went to the cinema last night.
do you often go to the theatre?
i heard the news on the radio.
television 用于表示“看電視”時不用 the。例如：
i watched the news on television.
指“電視機(jī)”時用the。例如：
can you turn off the television, please?(=the television set)
注：許多固定詞組中的名詞前通常沒有冠詞，需要熟記，如day after day，husband and wife，father and son，lock and key，heaven and hell等。
exercise 5
a.fill in the blanks with a or the where necessary:
1. after lunch, we went for walk by sea.
2. steam-engine was invented before internal combustion engine(內(nèi)燃機(jī)).
3. bat, they say, judges distances by kind of echo-location.
4. he goes to church every sunday; church he usually goes to has seats for over thousand.
5. this is most useful reference book i have on this subject.
6. we have good market in town where we buy our fruit and _______ vegetables.
7. prison in this town is grim-looking building.
8. youngest boy has just started going to school; eldest boy is at college.
9. dead no longer need help. we must concern ourselves with living.
10. john became manager and secretary of the company same time.
b.insert a or the where necessary:
1. horse is noble animal and faithful servant of man.
2. chess is game which requires great skill and patience.
3. the stranger went to school to complain about behaviour(行為)of one of pupils.
4. dinner was good, but i did not enjoy speeches that came after it.
5. an important aspect in developing motivation(動力，促動因素)is setting of goals.
6. —he got bronchitis(支氣管炎) and was taken to hospital. i expect they’ll send him home at end of week.
—have you rung hospital to ask how he is?
7. didn’t you hear that news over radio this morning?
8. flute(長笛) is my favourite instrument.
9. we have very good train service from here to city center and most people go to work by train. you can go by bus, too, of course, but you can’t get season ticket on bus.
10. everywhere man has cut down forests in order to cultivate ground, or to use wood as fuel or as building material.
3) 專用名詞前定冠詞的主要用法
a) 一般不用于單數(shù)人名前，但特指或強(qiáng)調(diào)時需用the。例如：
he’s the mr. smith i saw yesterday.
也可說：
a mr. smith has come here. (=a man called smith has come here.)
復(fù)數(shù)人名前需用the，如the johnsons, the coopers。
b) 不用于“頭銜+人名”前，但有頭銜無人名時需用the，以表示特指。例如：
i saw queen elizabeth when l was in london。
i saw the queen when i was in london.
c) 不用于國家、省市等名詞前，但由短語組成的國名，或以s結(jié)尾的國名前需要用the。例如：
the philippines the netherlands
the united states the united kingdom
注：the ukraine, the congo, the sudan, the hague為例外。
d) 用于表示國籍、民族的名詞前。例如：
the british the chinese
the dutch the english
下列名詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式：
(the) russians (the) italians
(the) arabs (the) scots
c) 用于表示地區(qū)的名詞前。例如：
the middle east the far east
the north of england (但是：northern england)
f) 不用于街道、建筑等名詞前，但有 of 介詞短語修飾時，需用the。例如：
broadway red square
the tower of london the great wall of china
sam lives on l2th street.
they changed the name of sixth avenue to the avenue of americas.
g) 用于河流、海洋、群島、山脈、海峽、海灣名詞前。例如：
the mississippi the atlantic
the philippine islands the andes
the english channel the persian gulf
但不用于單個島嶼、山峰前。例如：
sicily (mount)etna
h) 不用于大學(xué)名稱前，但有 of 介詞短語修飾時，需用the。例如：
yale university oxford university
the university of north carolina
i) 不用于雜志名詞前，但用于報紙名詞前。例如：
newsweek natural history
the daily news the washington post