exercise 3
insert a or an where necessary:
a.
1. i had very bad night; i didn’t sleep wink (眨眼;打盹).
2. this man has honesty that we all appreciated.
3. mr. brown had vision of new and happier europe.
4. it’s time you had holiday. you haven’t had day off for month.
5. there is hourly service of buses in this route.
6. it is great honour to be invited to such gathering.
7. 1 wouldn’t climb mountain for $ 1, 000! i have horror of heights.
8. children usually learn the difference between right and wrong at early age.
9. i can’t tell you definitely yet. i’ll have word with my wife about it and tell you our decision tomorrow.
10. if boy is not making satisfactory progress at school, his parents should seek advice from his teacher.
b.
1. this is big problem, but not too big problem for us to solve.
2. he had square nose, grey hair and brown skin. she had never seen so handsome man.
3. however great disaster he suffered, john never gave up.
4. many shipwrecked sailor has been rescued by our brave coastguards(海岸警衛(wèi)隊).
5. such urgent need requires prompt action.
6. so urgent need requires prompt action.
7. this is as lovely picture as i have ever seen.
8. i don’t think you realize what serious crisis this is.
9. you can hardly hope to succeed where many greater man has failed.
10. how serious crime had been committed was not realized until much later.
(三)定冠詞 (definite article)
1) 定冠詞的基本特性
實際上所有名詞(專有名詞將另行討論)前都可能用定冠詞the。究竟用不用定冠詞，主要取決于我們所表達的思想。如果我們要給予某個名詞以明確的、限定的、特指的意義，就用the;反之，就不用the。請看下列句子：
12 i love books. put the books on the shelf. butter is not cheap. the butter i bought is not cheap. he went to work by car. he rode to work in the new car. he has gained strength. he has regained the strength he lost. i like music. i like the music composed by the young man.
a) 一般用于帶有修飾語的名詞詞組前，但并非所有帶修飾語的名詞都需要the。例如：
don’t you think georgian houses are absolutely lovely?
stainless steel (不銹鋼器皿) has many uses.
i can’t say i care for modern art.
上面三句中斜體部分的名詞雖然都有修飾語，因沒有明確限定而是泛指一類事物，故不用the。下面三句斜體部分的名詞則表示提到過的，特指的事物，要用the：
the georgian houses have been sold.
the stainless steel was beautiful, but i thought most of the glass (玻璃器皿) they exhibited was rather unimaginative.
they showed a wonderful selection of the impressionists, but the modern art was too limited in its range.
b) 也用于有后置修飾語的名詞詞組前。例如：
the old houses which are most worth visiting are in the imperial city.
the steel of the gun barrels has gone rusty.
the art of the eighteenth century has never been surpassed(超過).
上面三句中的形容詞從句和介詞短語明確了是什么樣的房子(what houses)，什么樣的鋼(what steel)和什么樣的藝術(shù) (what art)，故用the。下面三句同樣有形容詞從句和介詞短語修飾名詞，但是它們只指這些名詞屬于某一類事物，并非特指，故不用the。例如：
houses which fail to satisfy these minimum requirements are to be pulled down.
steel of great strength is needed for the manufacture of guns.
art in the eighteenth century probably played a more important part in people’s lives than it does today.
exercise 4
fill in the blanks with the where necessary:
1. the engineers found that steel was of insufficiently high quality. steel, i suppose, is the most important single product of the modern industrial world.
2. large forests can have an important influence on climate.
forests have all been cut down.
3. nature was probably his chief source of inspiration (靈感，鼓舞).
nature of the problem was such as to arouse his interest.
4. education of little children has been greatly neglected.
public education must be greatly extended.
5. the exploration(探索)of space has become one of the chief topics of science fiction(科幻小說).
space between the table and the wall was just big enough for a small bed.
6. i prefer classical music to pop music.
film wasn’t very good but i liked music.
7. my favourite subject at school was history.
all students should know something about history of their own country.
8. i cannot judge accuracy of your calculations(計算).
in mathematics accuracy is essential.
2) 定冠詞的主要用法
a) 用于單數(shù)名詞前，表示“某一類人或物”，以區(qū)別于其他人或物。例如：
the tiger is a fierce(兇猛的) animal. (相當于a tiger is a fierce animal.或tigers are fierce animals.)
in this tribe the woman goes out hunting and the man stays at home to look after the children.
下面三句中的斜體部分不能互換：
who invented the radio? (指類別)
who had a radio? (指同類中的任何一個)
who manufactured radios?(指這一類中的所有個體)
man 指“人類”時，不用the。例如：
man will conquer nature.
b) 用于指世上獨一無二的東西，如 the moon，the sun，the world等。
c) 用于表示“樂器”的名詞前，但一般不用于表示“體育運動”的名詞前。例如：
can you play the guitar?
i play football every day.
d) 用于某些形容詞前，可表示“一類人”。例如：
the young are impatient;they want changes.
e) 一般不用于表示“疾病”的名詞前。例如：
i’m just recovering from rheumatism(風濕病).
insert a or an where necessary:
a.
1. i had very bad night; i didn’t sleep wink (眨眼;打盹).
2. this man has honesty that we all appreciated.
3. mr. brown had vision of new and happier europe.
4. it’s time you had holiday. you haven’t had day off for month.
5. there is hourly service of buses in this route.
6. it is great honour to be invited to such gathering.
7. 1 wouldn’t climb mountain for $ 1, 000! i have horror of heights.
8. children usually learn the difference between right and wrong at early age.
9. i can’t tell you definitely yet. i’ll have word with my wife about it and tell you our decision tomorrow.
10. if boy is not making satisfactory progress at school, his parents should seek advice from his teacher.
b.
1. this is big problem, but not too big problem for us to solve.
2. he had square nose, grey hair and brown skin. she had never seen so handsome man.
3. however great disaster he suffered, john never gave up.
4. many shipwrecked sailor has been rescued by our brave coastguards(海岸警衛(wèi)隊).
5. such urgent need requires prompt action.
6. so urgent need requires prompt action.
7. this is as lovely picture as i have ever seen.
8. i don’t think you realize what serious crisis this is.
9. you can hardly hope to succeed where many greater man has failed.
10. how serious crime had been committed was not realized until much later.
(三)定冠詞 (definite article)
1) 定冠詞的基本特性
實際上所有名詞(專有名詞將另行討論)前都可能用定冠詞the。究竟用不用定冠詞，主要取決于我們所表達的思想。如果我們要給予某個名詞以明確的、限定的、特指的意義，就用the;反之，就不用the。請看下列句子：
12 i love books. put the books on the shelf. butter is not cheap. the butter i bought is not cheap. he went to work by car. he rode to work in the new car. he has gained strength. he has regained the strength he lost. i like music. i like the music composed by the young man.
a) 一般用于帶有修飾語的名詞詞組前，但并非所有帶修飾語的名詞都需要the。例如：
don’t you think georgian houses are absolutely lovely?
stainless steel (不銹鋼器皿) has many uses.
i can’t say i care for modern art.
上面三句中斜體部分的名詞雖然都有修飾語，因沒有明確限定而是泛指一類事物，故不用the。下面三句斜體部分的名詞則表示提到過的，特指的事物，要用the：
the georgian houses have been sold.
the stainless steel was beautiful, but i thought most of the glass (玻璃器皿) they exhibited was rather unimaginative.
they showed a wonderful selection of the impressionists, but the modern art was too limited in its range.
b) 也用于有后置修飾語的名詞詞組前。例如：
the old houses which are most worth visiting are in the imperial city.
the steel of the gun barrels has gone rusty.
the art of the eighteenth century has never been surpassed(超過).
上面三句中的形容詞從句和介詞短語明確了是什么樣的房子(what houses)，什么樣的鋼(what steel)和什么樣的藝術(shù) (what art)，故用the。下面三句同樣有形容詞從句和介詞短語修飾名詞，但是它們只指這些名詞屬于某一類事物，并非特指，故不用the。例如：
houses which fail to satisfy these minimum requirements are to be pulled down.
steel of great strength is needed for the manufacture of guns.
art in the eighteenth century probably played a more important part in people’s lives than it does today.
exercise 4
fill in the blanks with the where necessary:
1. the engineers found that steel was of insufficiently high quality. steel, i suppose, is the most important single product of the modern industrial world.
2. large forests can have an important influence on climate.
forests have all been cut down.
3. nature was probably his chief source of inspiration (靈感，鼓舞).
nature of the problem was such as to arouse his interest.
4. education of little children has been greatly neglected.
public education must be greatly extended.
5. the exploration(探索)of space has become one of the chief topics of science fiction(科幻小說).
space between the table and the wall was just big enough for a small bed.
6. i prefer classical music to pop music.
film wasn’t very good but i liked music.
7. my favourite subject at school was history.
all students should know something about history of their own country.
8. i cannot judge accuracy of your calculations(計算).
in mathematics accuracy is essential.
2) 定冠詞的主要用法
a) 用于單數(shù)名詞前，表示“某一類人或物”，以區(qū)別于其他人或物。例如：
the tiger is a fierce(兇猛的) animal. (相當于a tiger is a fierce animal.或tigers are fierce animals.)
in this tribe the woman goes out hunting and the man stays at home to look after the children.
下面三句中的斜體部分不能互換：
who invented the radio? (指類別)
who had a radio? (指同類中的任何一個)
who manufactured radios?(指這一類中的所有個體)
man 指“人類”時，不用the。例如：
man will conquer nature.
b) 用于指世上獨一無二的東西，如 the moon，the sun，the world等。
c) 用于表示“樂器”的名詞前，但一般不用于表示“體育運動”的名詞前。例如：
can you play the guitar?
i play football every day.
d) 用于某些形容詞前，可表示“一類人”。例如：
the young are impatient;they want changes.
e) 一般不用于表示“疾病”的名詞前。例如：
i’m just recovering from rheumatism(風濕病).