3/英文長(zhǎng)句成分復(fù)雜需要作邏輯性的變動(dòng),以符合中文句法。例如:
(30) The management's reputation fell still further when it refused to accept the suggestion of the Labour Union that an increase in the salary of the workers was a precondition for the settlement of the current dispute.(勞工聯(lián)合會(huì)建議增加工人的薪水作為解決當(dāng)前糾紛的先決條件,但管理層拒絕接受這建議,結(jié)果它的聲望再度下降。)
總而言之,直譯和意譯各有所長(zhǎng),可以直譯就直譯,不可直譯時(shí)就采用意譯,甚至雙管齊下,兩者兼施。有些慣用語的英譯就要先直譯后意譯,才能兼顧到譯文的表層結(jié)構(gòu)和原文的深層意思。例如:
(31) 不勞而獲 (Reap without sowing → Profit by others' toil.)
(32) 飲水思源 (When you drink the water, think of its source → never forget where one's happiness comes.)
(33) 種瓜得瓜,種豆得豆 (Plant melons and get melons, sow beans and get beans → You reap what you have sown.)
(34) 真金不怕火 (True gold fears no fire→ A person of integrity can stand severe tests.)
最后,看看下列兩名翻譯大師在紅樓夢(mèng)中的一小段有關(guān)林黛玉講話的譯文。前者是霍克斯(Hawkes)教授的意譯版本;后者是楊憲益教授和戴乃迭(Gladys Yang)的直譯文:
(35)黛玉說:你說你會(huì)過目成誦,難道我就不能一目十行了!
(霍克斯:“You needn't imagine you are the only one with a good memory,”said Dai-yu naughtily.
“I suppose I'm allowed to remember lines too if I like.”)
(楊憲益,戴乃迭:“You boast that you can memorise a passage with one reading. Why can't I learn ten lines at one glance?”
你們覺得那一段譯文比較貼切,比較有韻味呢?
從上面35個(gè)例子不難看出中英對(duì)譯時(shí)雖然可以字字直譯,但由于兩種語言差異處處,翻譯時(shí)必須在譯文上作些調(diào)整或變動(dòng),才不會(huì)有“翻譯腔”,才可以使辛辛苦苦,絞盡腦汁的翻譯作品達(dá)到“信”和“達(dá)”的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),進(jìn)而朝向“雅”的巔峰境界邁步;雖不易至,心向往之
(30) The management's reputation fell still further when it refused to accept the suggestion of the Labour Union that an increase in the salary of the workers was a precondition for the settlement of the current dispute.(勞工聯(lián)合會(huì)建議增加工人的薪水作為解決當(dāng)前糾紛的先決條件,但管理層拒絕接受這建議,結(jié)果它的聲望再度下降。)
總而言之,直譯和意譯各有所長(zhǎng),可以直譯就直譯,不可直譯時(shí)就采用意譯,甚至雙管齊下,兩者兼施。有些慣用語的英譯就要先直譯后意譯,才能兼顧到譯文的表層結(jié)構(gòu)和原文的深層意思。例如:
(31) 不勞而獲 (Reap without sowing → Profit by others' toil.)
(32) 飲水思源 (When you drink the water, think of its source → never forget where one's happiness comes.)
(33) 種瓜得瓜,種豆得豆 (Plant melons and get melons, sow beans and get beans → You reap what you have sown.)
(34) 真金不怕火 (True gold fears no fire→ A person of integrity can stand severe tests.)
最后,看看下列兩名翻譯大師在紅樓夢(mèng)中的一小段有關(guān)林黛玉講話的譯文。前者是霍克斯(Hawkes)教授的意譯版本;后者是楊憲益教授和戴乃迭(Gladys Yang)的直譯文:
(35)黛玉說:你說你會(huì)過目成誦,難道我就不能一目十行了!
(霍克斯:“You needn't imagine you are the only one with a good memory,”said Dai-yu naughtily.
“I suppose I'm allowed to remember lines too if I like.”)
(楊憲益,戴乃迭:“You boast that you can memorise a passage with one reading. Why can't I learn ten lines at one glance?”
你們覺得那一段譯文比較貼切,比較有韻味呢?
從上面35個(gè)例子不難看出中英對(duì)譯時(shí)雖然可以字字直譯,但由于兩種語言差異處處,翻譯時(shí)必須在譯文上作些調(diào)整或變動(dòng),才不會(huì)有“翻譯腔”,才可以使辛辛苦苦,絞盡腦汁的翻譯作品達(dá)到“信”和“達(dá)”的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),進(jìn)而朝向“雅”的巔峰境界邁步;雖不易至,心向往之