英語寫作常見錯(cuò)誤與分析(一)

字號(hào):

下面我們對(duì)一些在英語寫作中典型的病句實(shí)例逐一加以剖析。
     一。不一致(Disagreements)
     所謂不一致不光指主謂不一致,它還包括了數(shù)的不一致、時(shí)態(tài)不一致及代詞不一致等。
     病句:When one have money, he can do what he want to.
     (人一旦有了錢,他就能想干什么就干什么。)
     剖析:one是單數(shù)第三人稱,因而本句的have應(yīng)改為has;同理,want應(yīng)改為wants。本句是典型的主謂不一致。
     改為:Once one has money, he can do what he wants (to do).
     二。句子不完整(Sentence Fragments)
     在口語中,交際雙方可借助手勢(shì)、語氣、上下文等理解不完整的句子??墒菚嬲Z就不同了,句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整會(huì)令意思表達(dá)不清,這種情況常常發(fā)生在主句寫完以后,筆者又想加些補(bǔ)充說明時(shí)發(fā)生。
     病句:There are many ways to know the society. For example, by TV, radio, newspaper and so on.
     剖析:本句后半部分“For example, by TV, radio, newspaper and so on.”不是一個(gè)完整的句子,僅為一些詞語,不能獨(dú)立成句。
     改為:There are many ways to know society, for example, by TV, radio, and newspaper.
     三。懸垂修飾語(Dangling Modifiers)
     所謂懸垂修飾語是指句首的短語與后面句子的邏輯關(guān)系混亂不清。
     病句1:At the age of ten, my grandfather died.
     剖析:這句中“at the age of ten”只點(diǎn)出“十歲時(shí)”,但沒有說明“誰”十歲時(shí)。按一般推理不可能是my grandfather,如果我們把這個(gè)懸垂修飾語改明確一點(diǎn),全句就不那么令人費(fèi)解了。
     改為:When I was ten, my grandfather died.
     病句2:To do well in college, good grades are essential.
     剖析:句中不定式短語“to do well in college”的邏輯主語不清楚。
     改為:To do well in college, a student needs good grades.
     四。詞性誤用(Misuse of Parts of Speech)
     “詞性誤用”常表現(xiàn)為:介詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞用;形容詞當(dāng)副詞用;名詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞用等。
     病句:None can negative the importance of money.
     剖析:negative是形容詞,誤作動(dòng)詞。
     改為:None can deny the importance of money.