2007考研英語核心詞匯辨析6

字號(hào):

invaluable, valueless
    invaluable a.無價(jià)的,非常寶貴的,相當(dāng)于priceless.
    Your help in moving the big refrigerator was invaluable.你幫忙搬那個(gè)大冰箱,你的幫助是可貴的。
    valueless a.沒有價(jià)值的,相當(dāng)于worthless.
    That bracelet is a cheap, valueless piece of jewelry.那個(gè)手鐲是一件便宜的、不值錢的首飾。
    jealous, envious
    jealous a.妒忌的,暗含有憎惡與不好的感情。
    He gets jealous when other man talks to his girlfriend.當(dāng)別的男人和他的女朋友說話時(shí)間],他會(huì)很嫉妒。
    envious a.羨慕的,強(qiáng)調(diào)攀比心理所造成的羨慕。
    He is envious of my new car and wants one like it.他很羨慕我的新車,也想要一輛同樣的。
    judicial, judicious
    這是一組形近易混詞。
    judicial a.司法的,法律的,法庭的。
    The judicial system settles arguments between people.司法系統(tǒng)解決人與人之間的爭(zhēng)端。
    judicious a.果斷的,明智的,是個(gè)正式用語。
    He made a judicious decision to save money for his old age.他做了一個(gè)明智的決定,要為他的晚年攢錢。
    minor, inferior, secondary, subordinate
    這一組形容詞都有"次等"的意思。
    minor a較少的,較小的,較次要的,常含有輕微的但并非不重要的意思。
    We agreed on everything in the contract, even minor points.我們對(duì)合同中的一切問題,甚至是細(xì)枝末節(jié)都達(dá)成了一致。
    inferior a.次等的,較劣的,差的,當(dāng)"下級(jí)"講時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)職位的高低;當(dāng)"次等"講時(shí),指素質(zhì)、質(zhì)量等的低劣。
    Most wine from Switzerland is inferior to wine from France.產(chǎn)于瑞士的葡萄酒多數(shù)要比法國(guó)的差。
    secondary a.第二等的,次要的,強(qiáng)調(diào)在重要性或順序上處于第二位。
    My job is of secondary importance to my health.我的工作比起身體來說不那么重要。
    subordinate a.次要的,從屬的,下級(jí)的,強(qiáng)調(diào)主次地位或支配和隸屬的關(guān)系。
    He was always friendly to his subordinate officers.她對(duì)下級(jí)官員一向和藹可親。
    opt, apt
    這是一對(duì)形近易混詞。
    opt v.選擇,抉擇,后接for.
    She opted for a winter vacation, instead of one in summer.她選擇了在冬天休假而不是夏天。
    apt a.易于……的,(后接to);恰當(dāng)?shù)?,貼切的。
    She is apt to make mistakes if you pressure her too much.如果你給她施加的壓力過大,她就很容易出錯(cuò)。
    rational, reasonable
    rational a.理性的,區(qū)別于無理性;理智的,區(qū)別于感情用事的。
    The rational thing to do was to take the sick man to a doctor.理智的做法是送病人去看醫(yī)生。
    reasonable a.有道理的,公平合理的,或指人講道理的。
    That man works very hard, so it is reasonable for him to ask for more money.那個(gè)人工作努力,所以他要求加薪是合情合理的。
    refrain, restrain, constrain
    refrain v.抑制,禁止,強(qiáng)調(diào)抑制一種沖動(dòng),是正式用語,為不及物動(dòng)詞,后接介詞from.
    Students refrain from smoking in the classroom.學(xué)生們克制住不在教師抽煙。
    restrain v.抑制,約束,指通過管束阻止某事發(fā)生,是及物動(dòng)詞,其習(xí)慣用法是restrain sb. (sth.) from doing.
    She restrains her dog by walking him on a leash.溜狗時(shí),她牽著狗來限制它的活動(dòng)。
    constrain v.強(qiáng)迫,力勸,是及物動(dòng)詞。
    A law constrains the government from spending more money than it takes in.法律限制政府開支大于收入。
    respectable, respectful, respective
    這是一組形近易混詞。
    respectable a.值得尊敬的,有好名聲的。
    They are respectable people who are liked and trusted in their town.他們?cè)诩亦l(xiāng)是受人們敬愛和信任的人。
    respectful a.尊敬他人的,恭敬的。
    Students and teachers should have a respectful attitude toward each other.師生應(yīng)該相互彬彬有禮。
    respective a.單個(gè)的,分別的。
    revolve, evolve, involve
    revolve v.旋轉(zhuǎn),轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。
    The room began to revolve , then he fainted.屋子開始旋轉(zhuǎn),然后他就昏倒了。
    evolve v.發(fā)展,演變。
    Agriculture evolved slowly over thousands of years.幾千年來,農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展得很緩慢。
    involve v.需要,包含;使卷入,牽涉。
    Getting a driver's licence involves learning how to drive, studying the rules of the road, and taking a test.要得到駕駛執(zhí)照需要學(xué)習(xí)開車,學(xué)習(xí)交通規(guī)則,還要經(jīng)過考試。
    sanction, sanitation
    sanction n.認(rèn)可,準(zhǔn)許,批準(zhǔn)。
    I need my parents' sanction to stay out late.我晚回家需要得到父母的批準(zhǔn)。
    sanitation n.公共衛(wèi)生,環(huán)境衛(wèi)生,衛(wèi)生設(shè)備。
    Strict sanitation is used in businesses such as barber shops and restaurants.在理發(fā)店和餐館等營(yíng)業(yè)場(chǎng)所執(zhí)行嚴(yán)格的公共衛(wèi)生制度。
    scenery, scene, view, landscape
    這一組名詞都有"景色"的意思。
    scenery n.風(fēng)景,景色,舞臺(tái)布景,強(qiáng)調(diào)從美的角度看,某個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)的總體外貌。
    Each year, we spend our vacation in the mountains and enjoy the scenery.我們每年到山區(qū)渡假,并欣賞那里的風(fēng)景。
    scene n.指從遠(yuǎn)處看到的某一具體景色、景象,也可以指人物的活動(dòng)場(chǎng)面;(犯罪的)地點(diǎn),現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。
    They stood gazing the happy scene of children playing in the park.他們站在那里,注視著孩子們?cè)诠珗@里玩耍的場(chǎng)景。
    view n.指從遠(yuǎn)處或窗戶看到的視野范圍內(nèi)的風(fēng)景;觀點(diǎn),看法。
    Our house has a view of the park.我們的房子可以看到公園的景色。
    landscape n. (自然的)風(fēng)景,景色;風(fēng)景畫。
    The landscape seen from the mountains is green and beautiful.站在群山之巔看到的是一片美麗的綠色。
    sensible, sensitive, sentimental, sensational
    這是一組形近易混詞。
    sensible a.有知覺的,可感知的;明智的。
    The patient was speechless but still sensible.病人雖然不能說話但仍然有知覺。
    sensitive a.敏感的,靈敏的。
    This film is sensitive to light.這種膠片對(duì)光很敏感。
    sentimental a.多愁善感的,感傷的。
    The novel has scenes full of love and loss; it is so sentimental!小說有多處場(chǎng)景充滿愛情的悲歡離合,真是感傷??!
    sensational a.聳人聽聞的,令人激動(dòng)的。
    I read a sensational story about a ten-year-old mother.我聽到一則聳人聽聞的故事:十歲女孩做媽媽。
    technological, technical
    這是一組形近易混詞。
    technological a.技術(shù)上的。
    a major technological breakthrough主要技術(shù)性突破
    technical a.技術(shù)的,工藝(學(xué))的;專門的,深?yuàn)W的。The banker made some technical points about the economy in his speech.銀行家在他的關(guān)于經(jīng)濟(jì)的演說中提出了幾個(gè)很專業(yè)的論點(diǎn)。
    transaction, transition, transmission, transformation, transfer
    這是一組在考研和CET-6中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的形近易混詞。
    transaction n.交易行為,處理。
    Transactions of shares on the stock exchange were up today.今天證券交易所的股票成交額上升了。
    transition n. (從一種情況到另一種的)過渡,更替。
    The transition from high school to college can be difficult for students.對(duì)于學(xué)生來說,從中學(xué)到大學(xué)的過渡會(huì)是困難的。
    transmission n.傳播(比如疾?。?;廣播。
    The transmission of germs can occur by contact, breathing, and eating.細(xì)菌通過接觸、呼吸和飲食傳播。
    transformation n. (外觀或性質(zhì)的)改變,改觀,轉(zhuǎn)變。
    His character seems to have undergone a complete transformation since his marrige.他結(jié)婚之后性格判若兩人。
    transfer n.轉(zhuǎn)移,轉(zhuǎn)讓;(工作的)調(diào)動(dòng);(旅途中的)換乘,改變路線。
    The club's goalkeeper isn't happy here, and has asked a transfer.這個(gè)足球俱樂部的守門員在此過得不愉快,已經(jīng)要求轉(zhuǎn)會(huì)到其他俱樂部。