語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)五：強(qiáng)調(diào)句、It的用法
一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句
（一）強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型
1、陳述句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：It is/ was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分（通常是主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)）+ that/ who（強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)且主語(yǔ)指人可以用who,當(dāng)然也可以使用that）+ 其它部分。
強(qiáng)調(diào)句式只是把句子中某些詞(被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分)改變位置,所以把強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)(it is/was... that/who)去掉之后,句子一定是完整的
e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.
2、一般疑問(wèn)句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。這是重點(diǎn)
e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?
3、特殊疑問(wèn)句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分（通常是疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分？ 一定要注意,這是出題點(diǎn),也是考點(diǎn),掌握它的方法是多記幾個(gè)這樣的句子,最后一定會(huì)融會(huì)貫通的.
e.g. When and where was it that you were born?
認(rèn)真研究下面的例句.體會(huì)一句話(huà)語(yǔ)法: 強(qiáng)調(diào)句式只是把句子中某些詞
(被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分)改變位置,所以把強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)(it is/was... that/who)
去掉之后,句子一定是完整的
4、強(qiáng)調(diào)句例句：針對(duì)I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.
句子進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。
強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)：It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.
強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.
強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.
強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.
5、注意：構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句的it本身沒(méi)有詞義；強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的連接詞一般只用that, who，即使在強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)也如此，that, who不可省略；強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的時(shí)態(tài)只用兩種，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。原句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，用It was … ，其余的時(shí)態(tài)用It is … 。
（二）not … until … 句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)句 這也是出題點(diǎn)和考點(diǎn),掌握的方法: 多記幾個(gè)這樣的句子,最后一定會(huì)融會(huì)貫通的.
1、句型為：It is/ was not until + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that + 其它部分
e.g. 普通句：He didn’t go to bed until/ till his wife came back.
強(qiáng)調(diào)句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
2、注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，till, until可通用；因?yàn)榫湫椭蠭t is/ was not … 已經(jīng)是否定句了，that后面的從句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。
（三）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)
1、It is/ was … that … 結(jié)構(gòu)不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)，如果需要強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，
用助動(dòng)詞do/ does或did。
e.g. Do sit down. 務(wù)必請(qǐng)坐。
He did write to you last week. 上周他確實(shí)給你寫(xiě)了信。
Do be careful when you cross the street. 過(guò)馬路時(shí)，務(wù)必（千萬(wàn)）要小心??！
2、注意：此種強(qiáng)調(diào)只用do/ does和did ，沒(méi)有別的形式；過(guò)去時(shí)用did ，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形。
二、It的用法
（一）作人稱(chēng)代詞
1、it代替前面（或后面）的單數(shù)名詞或分句等所表示的事物。
e.g. You cannot eat your cake but have it.（it代替前面的cake）
Although we cannot see it, there is air all around us. （it代替后面的air）
They say he has left town, but I don’t believe it.
（it代替前面They…town分句中的情況）
2、代替有生命但不能或不必分陰陽(yáng)性的東西（包括嬰兒）。
e.g. Yesterday we saw a big tree. It was fully twenty metres high.
（it代替前面的tree）
The baby cried because it was hungry. （it代替前面的baby）
3、在某些習(xí)慣說(shuō)法中，可以代替人。
e.g. ---- Someone is knocking at the door, Peter. ---- Who is it? ---- It’s me.
---- Who are singing? ---- It is the children.
---- The light is still on in the lab. It must be the third-year students doing the experiment.
4、it與one的區(qū)別：這兩個(gè)詞都可以代表前面說(shuō)過(guò)的名詞，但it用于同名同物的場(chǎng)合；one則用于同名異物的場(chǎng)合。
e.g. ---- Do you still have the bicycle? ---- No, I have sold it.
---- Is this knife yours? ---- No. It is Xiao Zhang’s. Mine is the one on the desk.
5、it與that的區(qū)別：兩詞都可代替某一特定名詞，但that指同一類(lèi)，并非同一個(gè)。
e.g. The climate of South China is mild（溫和的）; I like it very much.（it指the climate of South China）
The climate of South China is much better than that of Japan.（that指the climate）
（二）作無(wú)人稱(chēng)代詞
it作無(wú)人稱(chēng)代詞時(shí)，除了句中找不到它所代表的詞語(yǔ)外，另一個(gè)特點(diǎn)是它后面的內(nèi)容都是表示天氣、時(shí)間、距離、度量衡及情況等。
It is fine (rainy, windy, etc.).
It is noon.
It is a half hour’s walk to the factory.
It is eighteen square metres in area.
What does it matter?
（三）作強(qiáng)調(diào)詞，構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)
用以幫助改變句子結(jié)構(gòu)，使句子的某一成分受到強(qiáng)調(diào)?！癐t is (was) + 所強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分 + that (who) + 其它成分?！痹谶@個(gè)句型中，it本身沒(méi)有詞義。詳見(jiàn)“一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句”。
（四）引導(dǎo)詞it作形式主語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)）
為了使句子平衡，常采用形式主語(yǔ)（或賓語(yǔ)）it ，而把真正的主語(yǔ)（或賓語(yǔ)）置于句子后面。通常引導(dǎo)詞it與它所代替的句子成分中間要夾有某些詞。
e.g. It takes half an hour to go there on foot.
（It與to go there on foot之間夾有takes half an hour四個(gè)詞）
We thought it strange that Mr Smith did not come last night.
（it與that從句中間夾有 strange）
但有時(shí)it與所替代部分之間并不夾有其它詞。
e.g. You may depend on it that they will support you.（因?yàn)榻樵~on之后一般不直接接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。注意：it不是多余的，不能當(dāng)作錯(cuò)句）
補(bǔ)充: I like it here. 句中l(wèi)ike是及物動(dòng)詞(什么是及物動(dòng)詞,就是可以直接加上賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞),后面必須加一賓語(yǔ),而here是副詞,不能作賓語(yǔ)(大家想一想,前面我們說(shuō)過(guò)什么可以做賓語(yǔ)來(lái)的.名詞!)這時(shí)為了使句子語(yǔ)法正確,使用一個(gè)虛擬的賓語(yǔ): it. 上面說(shuō)的是理論,掌握起來(lái)非常簡(jiǎn)單喲.把它背下來(lái): I like it here.
檢測(cè)練習(xí)
1. My bike is missing. I can’t find ____ anywhere.
A. one B. ones C. it D. that
2. ---- Who’s that? ---- ____ Professor Li.
A. That’s B. It’s C. He’s D. This’s
3. ____ was Jane that I saw in the library this morning.
A. It B. He C. She D. That
4. ---- Have you ever seen a whale alive? ---- Yes, I’ve seen ____.
A. that B. it C. such D. one
5. The color of my coat is different from ____ of yours.
A. this B. that C. it D. one
6. ____ will do you good to do some exercise every morning.
A. It B. There C. Those D. You
7. We think ____ our duty to pay taxes to our government.
A. that B. this C. its D. it
8. The climate of Shanghai is better than ____ of Nanjing.
A. that B. it C. which D. what
9. ____ four years since I joined the Army.
A. There was B. There is C. It was D. It is
10. How long ____ to finish the work?
A. you’ll take B. you’ll take it C. will it take you D. will take you
11. It was through Xiao Li ____ I got to know Xiao Wang.
A. who B. whom C. how D. that
12. It was in the rice fields ____ we had our league meeting.
A. where B. that C. in which D. on which
13. It was on October 1st ____ new China was founded.
A. which B. when C. as D. that
14. Was it because he was ill ____ he asked for leave?
A. and B. that C. that’s D. so
15. Mary speaks in a low voice; ____ is difficult to know what she is saying.
A. it B. that C. so D. she
16. It was ____ I met Mr Green in Shanghai.
A. many years that B. many years before
C. many years ago that D. many years when
17. ____ is not everybody ____ can draw so well.
A. It, all B. It, that C. There, who D. There, that
18. So ____ that no fish can live in it.
A. shallow is the lake B. the lake is shallow
C. shallow the lake is D. is the lake shallow
1~5 CBADB 6~10 ADADC 11~15 DBDBA 16~18 CBA
一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句
（一）強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型
1、陳述句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：It is/ was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分（通常是主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)）+ that/ who（強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)且主語(yǔ)指人可以用who,當(dāng)然也可以使用that）+ 其它部分。
強(qiáng)調(diào)句式只是把句子中某些詞(被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分)改變位置,所以把強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)(it is/was... that/who)去掉之后,句子一定是完整的
e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.
2、一般疑問(wèn)句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。這是重點(diǎn)
e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?
3、特殊疑問(wèn)句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分（通常是疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分？ 一定要注意,這是出題點(diǎn),也是考點(diǎn),掌握它的方法是多記幾個(gè)這樣的句子,最后一定會(huì)融會(huì)貫通的.
e.g. When and where was it that you were born?
認(rèn)真研究下面的例句.體會(huì)一句話(huà)語(yǔ)法: 強(qiáng)調(diào)句式只是把句子中某些詞
(被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分)改變位置,所以把強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)(it is/was... that/who)
去掉之后,句子一定是完整的
4、強(qiáng)調(diào)句例句：針對(duì)I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.
句子進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。
強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)：It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.
強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.
強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.
強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.
5、注意：構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句的it本身沒(méi)有詞義；強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的連接詞一般只用that, who，即使在強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)也如此，that, who不可省略；強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的時(shí)態(tài)只用兩種，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。原句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，用It was … ，其余的時(shí)態(tài)用It is … 。
（二）not … until … 句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)句 這也是出題點(diǎn)和考點(diǎn),掌握的方法: 多記幾個(gè)這樣的句子,最后一定會(huì)融會(huì)貫通的.
1、句型為：It is/ was not until + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that + 其它部分
e.g. 普通句：He didn’t go to bed until/ till his wife came back.
強(qiáng)調(diào)句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
2、注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，till, until可通用；因?yàn)榫湫椭蠭t is/ was not … 已經(jīng)是否定句了，that后面的從句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。
（三）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)
1、It is/ was … that … 結(jié)構(gòu)不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)，如果需要強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，
用助動(dòng)詞do/ does或did。
e.g. Do sit down. 務(wù)必請(qǐng)坐。
He did write to you last week. 上周他確實(shí)給你寫(xiě)了信。
Do be careful when you cross the street. 過(guò)馬路時(shí)，務(wù)必（千萬(wàn)）要小心??！
2、注意：此種強(qiáng)調(diào)只用do/ does和did ，沒(méi)有別的形式；過(guò)去時(shí)用did ，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形。
二、It的用法
（一）作人稱(chēng)代詞
1、it代替前面（或后面）的單數(shù)名詞或分句等所表示的事物。
e.g. You cannot eat your cake but have it.（it代替前面的cake）
Although we cannot see it, there is air all around us. （it代替后面的air）
They say he has left town, but I don’t believe it.
（it代替前面They…town分句中的情況）
2、代替有生命但不能或不必分陰陽(yáng)性的東西（包括嬰兒）。
e.g. Yesterday we saw a big tree. It was fully twenty metres high.
（it代替前面的tree）
The baby cried because it was hungry. （it代替前面的baby）
3、在某些習(xí)慣說(shuō)法中，可以代替人。
e.g. ---- Someone is knocking at the door, Peter. ---- Who is it? ---- It’s me.
---- Who are singing? ---- It is the children.
---- The light is still on in the lab. It must be the third-year students doing the experiment.
4、it與one的區(qū)別：這兩個(gè)詞都可以代表前面說(shuō)過(guò)的名詞，但it用于同名同物的場(chǎng)合；one則用于同名異物的場(chǎng)合。
e.g. ---- Do you still have the bicycle? ---- No, I have sold it.
---- Is this knife yours? ---- No. It is Xiao Zhang’s. Mine is the one on the desk.
5、it與that的區(qū)別：兩詞都可代替某一特定名詞，但that指同一類(lèi)，并非同一個(gè)。
e.g. The climate of South China is mild（溫和的）; I like it very much.（it指the climate of South China）
The climate of South China is much better than that of Japan.（that指the climate）
（二）作無(wú)人稱(chēng)代詞
it作無(wú)人稱(chēng)代詞時(shí)，除了句中找不到它所代表的詞語(yǔ)外，另一個(gè)特點(diǎn)是它后面的內(nèi)容都是表示天氣、時(shí)間、距離、度量衡及情況等。
It is fine (rainy, windy, etc.).
It is noon.
It is a half hour’s walk to the factory.
It is eighteen square metres in area.
What does it matter?
（三）作強(qiáng)調(diào)詞，構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)
用以幫助改變句子結(jié)構(gòu)，使句子的某一成分受到強(qiáng)調(diào)?！癐t is (was) + 所強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分 + that (who) + 其它成分?！痹谶@個(gè)句型中，it本身沒(méi)有詞義。詳見(jiàn)“一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句”。
（四）引導(dǎo)詞it作形式主語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)）
為了使句子平衡，常采用形式主語(yǔ)（或賓語(yǔ)）it ，而把真正的主語(yǔ)（或賓語(yǔ)）置于句子后面。通常引導(dǎo)詞it與它所代替的句子成分中間要夾有某些詞。
e.g. It takes half an hour to go there on foot.
（It與to go there on foot之間夾有takes half an hour四個(gè)詞）
We thought it strange that Mr Smith did not come last night.
（it與that從句中間夾有 strange）
但有時(shí)it與所替代部分之間并不夾有其它詞。
e.g. You may depend on it that they will support you.（因?yàn)榻樵~on之后一般不直接接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。注意：it不是多余的，不能當(dāng)作錯(cuò)句）
補(bǔ)充: I like it here. 句中l(wèi)ike是及物動(dòng)詞(什么是及物動(dòng)詞,就是可以直接加上賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞),后面必須加一賓語(yǔ),而here是副詞,不能作賓語(yǔ)(大家想一想,前面我們說(shuō)過(guò)什么可以做賓語(yǔ)來(lái)的.名詞!)這時(shí)為了使句子語(yǔ)法正確,使用一個(gè)虛擬的賓語(yǔ): it. 上面說(shuō)的是理論,掌握起來(lái)非常簡(jiǎn)單喲.把它背下來(lái): I like it here.
檢測(cè)練習(xí)
1. My bike is missing. I can’t find ____ anywhere.
A. one B. ones C. it D. that
2. ---- Who’s that? ---- ____ Professor Li.
A. That’s B. It’s C. He’s D. This’s
3. ____ was Jane that I saw in the library this morning.
A. It B. He C. She D. That
4. ---- Have you ever seen a whale alive? ---- Yes, I’ve seen ____.
A. that B. it C. such D. one
5. The color of my coat is different from ____ of yours.
A. this B. that C. it D. one
6. ____ will do you good to do some exercise every morning.
A. It B. There C. Those D. You
7. We think ____ our duty to pay taxes to our government.
A. that B. this C. its D. it
8. The climate of Shanghai is better than ____ of Nanjing.
A. that B. it C. which D. what
9. ____ four years since I joined the Army.
A. There was B. There is C. It was D. It is
10. How long ____ to finish the work?
A. you’ll take B. you’ll take it C. will it take you D. will take you
11. It was through Xiao Li ____ I got to know Xiao Wang.
A. who B. whom C. how D. that
12. It was in the rice fields ____ we had our league meeting.
A. where B. that C. in which D. on which
13. It was on October 1st ____ new China was founded.
A. which B. when C. as D. that
14. Was it because he was ill ____ he asked for leave?
A. and B. that C. that’s D. so
15. Mary speaks in a low voice; ____ is difficult to know what she is saying.
A. it B. that C. so D. she
16. It was ____ I met Mr Green in Shanghai.
A. many years that B. many years before
C. many years ago that D. many years when
17. ____ is not everybody ____ can draw so well.
A. It, all B. It, that C. There, who D. There, that
18. So ____ that no fish can live in it.
A. shallow is the lake B. the lake is shallow
C. shallow the lake is D. is the lake shallow
1~5 CBADB 6~10 ADADC 11~15 DBDBA 16~18 CBA