六級(jí):改錯(cuò)篇-認(rèn)識(shí)邏輯錯(cuò)誤

字號(hào):

一、 缺漏與贅述
    1 熟悉冠詞的用法。
    2 介詞也是經(jīng)常被漏掉的詞之一。
    3 如果句子中有兩個(gè)主要?jiǎng)釉~,而它們之間并無連詞連接,那么很可能其中的一個(gè)動(dòng)詞前缺了一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞或連接代詞。
    4 注意名詞或動(dòng)詞等的修飾語中是否有兩個(gè)意思相同或相近的詞放在一起,若這樣,則其中的一個(gè)屬于贅詞,或多余的。
    5 注意:如果句子已經(jīng)有了主語,就不能在同一謂語前加上另外的代詞,否則就構(gòu)成了主語重復(fù)。
    二、 易混詞的誤用
    1 從功能即詞性去判斷。比如,一個(gè)句子,在其主語部分后面是句子的謂語部分,也就是說其中必有一個(gè)動(dòng)詞,而介詞后面則應(yīng)該有一個(gè)名詞、代詞、或名詞性詞組。
    2 從詞形判斷 單詞的拼法雖不完全固定,但也有一定的規(guī)律,如大多數(shù)以-tion結(jié)尾的詞都為名詞,而指人的名詞與指物的名詞通常也是有區(qū)別的,如action與actor, economy 與economist等。
    3 從詞意去判斷,特別對(duì)同根異議詞的不同意思及功能要熟記,如like 和alike, live和alive等。
    4 以上判斷都要以對(duì)語義的判斷為基礎(chǔ)
    5 最后還需注意,同根衍生的詞,其意義上不一定相近,有時(shí)甚至相差十萬八千里,如industrial意為“工業(yè)的”,而industrious 則意為“勤勉的,節(jié)儉的”。
    大家一起來做套題練習(xí)一下,做的不對(duì)沒關(guān)系,只要經(jīng)過自己的思考就是好的。
    A great many cities are experiencing difficulties which
    are nothing new in the history of cities, except in their scale.
    Some cities have lost their original purpose and have not found
    new one. And any large or rich city is going to attract poorS1. _____
    immigrants, who flood in, filling with hopes of prosperity S2. _____
    which are then often disappointing. There are backward towns
    on the edge of Bombay or Brasilia, just as though there were S3. _____
    on the edge of seventeenth-century London or early nineteenth-century
    Paris. This is new is the scale. Descriptions S4. _____
    written by eighteenth-century travelers of the poor of Mexico
    City, and the enormous contrasts that was to be found there, S5. _____
    are very dissimilar to descriptions of Mexico City today - the S6. _____
    poor can still be numbered in millions.
    The whole monstrous growth rests on economic prosperity,
    but behind it lies two myths: the myth of the city as a S7. _____
    promised land, that attracts immigrants from rural poverty S8. _____
    and brings it flooding into city centers, and the myth of the S9. _____
    country as a Garden of Eden, which, a few generations late, S10. _____
    sends them flooding out again to the suburbs.
    答案及注解:
    S1 new---a new,one 指代前面出現(xiàn)的可數(shù)名詞時(shí),如果有形容詞修飾,前面應(yīng)該加冠詞。本句意為:一些城市喪失了初衷,卻沒有找到新的方向。
    S2 filling---filled, 主與和動(dòng)詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。實(shí)際上be filled with 表示“充滿……”是一個(gè)固定句型。
    S3 as though---as,just as 表示“正如”,引導(dǎo)的是比較狀語從句。本句并非as though(仿佛,好像)引導(dǎo)的虛擬狀語從句。本句意為:現(xiàn)在孟買和巴西利亞周邊有一些落后的城鎮(zhèn),正如17世紀(jì)倫敦和19世紀(jì)初巴黎周邊也有一些落后的城鎮(zhèn)一樣。
    S4 This---what,This is new is the scale?!★@然不合語法,句意也說不通。連接代詞what 引導(dǎo)主語從句,what同時(shí)還在主語從句中充當(dāng)主語成分。王長(zhǎng)喜 書中將 is the scale 改為 in the scale 是不對(duì)的。
    S5 was---were,that 引導(dǎo)的定語從句的先行詞是表示復(fù)數(shù)意思的contrasts,根據(jù)主謂一致原則 was 應(yīng)改為were.
    S6 dissimilar---similar,用dissimilar上下文語義矛盾,故而改用 similar。
    S7 lies---lie,but 后的分句是個(gè)完全倒裝句,介詞短語behind it 提前,主謂倒裝,因主語是two myths,所以謂語動(dòng)詞lie 不能用單數(shù)形式。
    S8 that---which,that 不能引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句。其實(shí)本句是一個(gè)由and 連接的平行結(jié)構(gòu),在這個(gè)平行結(jié)構(gòu)的后半部分插入了一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語 a few generations late。
    S9 it ---then, bring的賓語指的是immigrants, it 指代immigrants 不恰當(dāng)。
    S10 later---later, 此處是一個(gè)副詞短語做時(shí)間狀語。Late 作為副詞意為“遲,晚”,例如:The bus arrived five minute late. 公共汽車遲到了五分鐘。Later 做副詞則意為“后來,……之后”,例如:Five years later, he became a lawyer. 五年后他成了一名律師。