SECTION B SKIMMING AND SCANNING
In this section there are seven passage followed by ten multiple-choice questions. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on your Answer Sheet.
TEXT E First read the question. 51. This letter is intended to ____. A. inform the addressee that he is selected as a candidate for a United States Government graduate award B. require the addressee to do several things so as to partake in the competition for the award C. offer the addressee a trip to Tokyo D. ask the addressee to fill out a application forms of a physical examinations Now go though Text E quickly to answer question 51. THE UNITED STATES EDUCATIONAL COMMISSION IN JAPAN FULBRIGHT HOUSE 15 SHINSAKA-MACHI, AKASAKA, MJINATO-KU, TOKYO November 11, 1954 My dear Mr. Takahashi, This is regard to your candidacy for a 1955-56 United States Government all-expense graduate study award. Following the personal interview which you had with the bi-national Tokyo Regional Screening Committee, your application was selected to be further considered along with the applications of those candidates recommended by the other Regional Committees. This does not mean that you will necessarily be successful in receiving an award, but merely that your application will be receiving further consideration. At this stage in the competition, you are requested to: Fill out the enclosed application forms and bring them with you to the United States Educational Commission in Japan (Fulbright House) in Tokyo on the date of your physical examination (see no: 2 bellow). An instruction sheet for filling out the application documents is attached. For guidance, one of your original applications is also enclosed. Please return this with your other documents. IMPORTANT- The application form must be typewritten. Take a physical examination at Saint Lukes International Hospital, located at 19 Aksashicho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, on November 18. You can receive your examination at your convenience between the hours of 9:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m. on the above date. It is necessary that you receive your physical examination from Dr. Gentaro Kimura of Saint Lukes International Hospital and not from any other physician. A certificate of health form will be furnished at the hospital. If you have any chest X-ray photographs taken within the past three years, you are requested to bring them with you to Saint Lukes International Hospital. For those candidates who must travel to Tokyo, the third-class round trip railway fare will be refunded at the Fulbright office after the physical examination. However, you must bear the expense of the physical examination, which will be 1,600. Upon completion of the physical examination, you must come to the Fulbright House, located at 15 Shinsaka-machi. Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo, to return your completed application forms. I regret that we are giving you such short notice, but please do not ask for exceptions to the above requests and time schedule. Your full cooperation will be greatly appreciated. Wishing you continued success in this completion, I am, Very truly yours, Koji Kobayashi Executive Secretary
51. This letter is intended to ____.
A) inform the addressee that he is selected as a candidate for a United States Government graduate award
B) require the addressee to do several things so as to partake in the competition for the award
C) offer the addressee a trip to Tokyo
D) ask the addressee to fill out a application forms of a physical examinations
TEXT F First read the questions. 52. Most tropical soils have a low organic content because of ____. A. soil erosion by wind and water B. reduced transpiration and precipitation C. the loss of the soils capacity to provide benefits D. reduced absorption of CO2 by depleted plant life Now go through TEXT F quickly to answer question 52. WORLD ECOLOGICAL AREA PROGRAM A PROPOSAL TO SAVE THE WORLDS TROPICAL RAIN FORESTS. The worlds remaining tropical forests are being destroyed so fast that, at current trends, by the end of this century, only the most inaccessible will remain. This terrible tragedy will mean: the destruction of the way of life of the indigenous peoples who inhabit these areas which must lead to their systematic pauperization i.e. to their transformation into a marginal, largely unemployed proletariat leading a miserable and precarious existence in the shanty towns surrounding already drastically over-crowed cities: the disappearance of a considerable proportion of the worlds trees and plant species, many of which have not been identified: the disappearance in the world of much of the worlds remaining wildlife, including large cats such as the tiger and clouded leopard and primates such as the gorilla and orange-tuna: the loss of an inestimable reservoir of genetic resources that could be exploited to provide new foods, medicines, textiles, etc…… and raw materials including bases for fuels which could be of vital importance in a largely unforeseeable future: soil erosion by wind and water —— as most tropical soils have a low organic content and may become little more than dust, while others become brick-like late rite once they are deprived of their tree cover —— in any cases leading to eventual desertification: massively increased run-off to rivers and, in particular, when their beds have been raised following erosion form the mountains above, to floods in the surrounding plains —— since only a fraction of the rainwater that can be stored around the root system of a tropical forest can be related in the eroded soils of bare mountainsides: reduced transpiration and hence precipitation, with a further reduction in water availability: increase in the CO2 released into the atmosphere but reduced absorption of C02 by depleted plant life with climatic consequences that are likely to be detrimental to world food production: the loss of the soils capacity to provide timber and other benefits on a more realistic but sustainable basis: an aesthetic and scientific loss of unparalleled dimensions. What, we might ask, will the countries who are cutting down their forests obtain in exchange? The answer is foreign currency largely to pug for imported consumer products that only a minority can afford and raw materials required for industrial development, which occurring as it must, in decreasingly propitious conditions, seem doomed to be short-lived.
52. Most tropical soils have a low organic content because of ____.
A) soil erosion by wind and water
B) reduced transpiration and precipitation
C) the loss of the soil's capacity to provide benefits
D) reduced absorption of CO2 by depleted plant life
In this section there are seven passage followed by ten multiple-choice questions. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on your Answer Sheet.
TEXT E First read the question. 51. This letter is intended to ____. A. inform the addressee that he is selected as a candidate for a United States Government graduate award B. require the addressee to do several things so as to partake in the competition for the award C. offer the addressee a trip to Tokyo D. ask the addressee to fill out a application forms of a physical examinations Now go though Text E quickly to answer question 51. THE UNITED STATES EDUCATIONAL COMMISSION IN JAPAN FULBRIGHT HOUSE 15 SHINSAKA-MACHI, AKASAKA, MJINATO-KU, TOKYO November 11, 1954 My dear Mr. Takahashi, This is regard to your candidacy for a 1955-56 United States Government all-expense graduate study award. Following the personal interview which you had with the bi-national Tokyo Regional Screening Committee, your application was selected to be further considered along with the applications of those candidates recommended by the other Regional Committees. This does not mean that you will necessarily be successful in receiving an award, but merely that your application will be receiving further consideration. At this stage in the competition, you are requested to: Fill out the enclosed application forms and bring them with you to the United States Educational Commission in Japan (Fulbright House) in Tokyo on the date of your physical examination (see no: 2 bellow). An instruction sheet for filling out the application documents is attached. For guidance, one of your original applications is also enclosed. Please return this with your other documents. IMPORTANT- The application form must be typewritten. Take a physical examination at Saint Lukes International Hospital, located at 19 Aksashicho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, on November 18. You can receive your examination at your convenience between the hours of 9:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m. on the above date. It is necessary that you receive your physical examination from Dr. Gentaro Kimura of Saint Lukes International Hospital and not from any other physician. A certificate of health form will be furnished at the hospital. If you have any chest X-ray photographs taken within the past three years, you are requested to bring them with you to Saint Lukes International Hospital. For those candidates who must travel to Tokyo, the third-class round trip railway fare will be refunded at the Fulbright office after the physical examination. However, you must bear the expense of the physical examination, which will be 1,600. Upon completion of the physical examination, you must come to the Fulbright House, located at 15 Shinsaka-machi. Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo, to return your completed application forms. I regret that we are giving you such short notice, but please do not ask for exceptions to the above requests and time schedule. Your full cooperation will be greatly appreciated. Wishing you continued success in this completion, I am, Very truly yours, Koji Kobayashi Executive Secretary
51. This letter is intended to ____.
A) inform the addressee that he is selected as a candidate for a United States Government graduate award
B) require the addressee to do several things so as to partake in the competition for the award
C) offer the addressee a trip to Tokyo
D) ask the addressee to fill out a application forms of a physical examinations
TEXT F First read the questions. 52. Most tropical soils have a low organic content because of ____. A. soil erosion by wind and water B. reduced transpiration and precipitation C. the loss of the soils capacity to provide benefits D. reduced absorption of CO2 by depleted plant life Now go through TEXT F quickly to answer question 52. WORLD ECOLOGICAL AREA PROGRAM A PROPOSAL TO SAVE THE WORLDS TROPICAL RAIN FORESTS. The worlds remaining tropical forests are being destroyed so fast that, at current trends, by the end of this century, only the most inaccessible will remain. This terrible tragedy will mean: the destruction of the way of life of the indigenous peoples who inhabit these areas which must lead to their systematic pauperization i.e. to their transformation into a marginal, largely unemployed proletariat leading a miserable and precarious existence in the shanty towns surrounding already drastically over-crowed cities: the disappearance of a considerable proportion of the worlds trees and plant species, many of which have not been identified: the disappearance in the world of much of the worlds remaining wildlife, including large cats such as the tiger and clouded leopard and primates such as the gorilla and orange-tuna: the loss of an inestimable reservoir of genetic resources that could be exploited to provide new foods, medicines, textiles, etc…… and raw materials including bases for fuels which could be of vital importance in a largely unforeseeable future: soil erosion by wind and water —— as most tropical soils have a low organic content and may become little more than dust, while others become brick-like late rite once they are deprived of their tree cover —— in any cases leading to eventual desertification: massively increased run-off to rivers and, in particular, when their beds have been raised following erosion form the mountains above, to floods in the surrounding plains —— since only a fraction of the rainwater that can be stored around the root system of a tropical forest can be related in the eroded soils of bare mountainsides: reduced transpiration and hence precipitation, with a further reduction in water availability: increase in the CO2 released into the atmosphere but reduced absorption of C02 by depleted plant life with climatic consequences that are likely to be detrimental to world food production: the loss of the soils capacity to provide timber and other benefits on a more realistic but sustainable basis: an aesthetic and scientific loss of unparalleled dimensions. What, we might ask, will the countries who are cutting down their forests obtain in exchange? The answer is foreign currency largely to pug for imported consumer products that only a minority can afford and raw materials required for industrial development, which occurring as it must, in decreasingly propitious conditions, seem doomed to be short-lived.
52. Most tropical soils have a low organic content because of ____.
A) soil erosion by wind and water
B) reduced transpiration and precipitation
C) the loss of the soil's capacity to provide benefits
D) reduced absorption of CO2 by depleted plant life