一、快速閱讀的做題方法
1.推測（prediction）
閱讀正文前，就標題（如果有標題的話）來合理推測資料的大概內(nèi)容，也可在讀了二、三段之后預測下段內(nèi)容。這對快速理解和整體把握文章內(nèi)容以及推測出生詞的詞義范圍有積極的意義。因為英語單詞一詞多義現(xiàn)象太普遍了，一個單詞在不同的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域往往含有不同的意思，甚至有的單詞在同一專業(yè)領(lǐng)域在其意義的具體把握上也有細微的差別。
2.關(guān)鍵詞句（keywordand topicsentences）
在對文章的整體內(nèi)容有了基本認識的基礎上，我們學會抓主要的詞句，找出段落中的主題句，從而正確領(lǐng)會文章的主要內(nèi)容，并注意到是否對自己有利用價值。
3.略讀或瀏覽或跳讀（Skimming）
Skim有掠過的意思，又有從牛奶等液體上撇去的意思，轉(zhuǎn)意為"快速掠過，從中提取容易取得的精華".用于閱讀，或譯為略讀，或譯為泛讀，似乎都未把其細微的意思譯出。而這種讀法卻包含有原詞的所有意思——快速讀過去，取出讀物中關(guān)鍵性的東西。因此，我們可以把這種讀法理解為快速瀏覽課文，領(lǐng)會文章大意。一般而言，通過標題可知道文章的主題。對文章的首段和末段要多加注意，以便發(fā)現(xiàn)作者的觀點。
4.查閱（Scanning）
Scaning的意思是掃讀或查閱，是快讀或速讀的一種。Scan就是通常所說的"掃描".其特點是快，但又要全部掃及。Scan這個詞的詞義似乎矛盾，它既可以理解為"仔細地審視"，也可以理解為"粗略地瀏覽".這種情況倒成了掃讀的絕好證明。從形式上看，掃讀是粗粗地一掃而過，一目十行，但從讀者的注意方面來看，卻又是高度的集中，在快速閱讀中仔細挑出重要的信息。因此，查閱可以理解為迅速找出文章中的有關(guān)事實細節(jié)或某一具體信息；有時要找出某一個單詞或詞組，如人名、地名、日期、價格等；有時要找出文中所述的某一特殊事件，而這一事件可能是由一個詞或短語交代的。若不具備一定的能力，這樣的細節(jié)恐不易發(fā)現(xiàn)。
5.速度變換（Reading rate）
我們要意識到閱讀的速度是不均勻的。也就是說，即使同一個人閱讀同一份材料，但由于閱讀是一種有相當心理負荷的腦力勞動，因此在開始、中途和結(jié)束時的速度不可能一樣。讀物的體裁和難度不一樣，閱讀的速度也不同。我們不要過分焦慮自己的閱讀速度，以免造成不必要的心理壓力。隨著速度的提高，理解的程度都有所降低，所以我們應認識到閱讀文章時的速度是可以調(diào)節(jié)的，只有合適的速度才可能獲得快速準確的閱讀效率。
6.閱讀習慣（Reading Habit）
從主觀上要能克服注意力容易分散即所謂"思想開小差"的毛病，高度集中自己的注意力；從客觀上克服各種無意中形成或由來以久的壞習慣，如搖頭晃腦，抖動雙腿，玩弄紙筆，念念有詞等。這些"小動作"，也會分散注意力、影響思考，降低閱讀速度。
二、快速閱讀難點突破：詞匯難點
1. 利用上下文猜生詞
充分利用上下文給出的線索，有些生詞的意思是可以猜出來的。下面介紹一些基本方法：
（1）利用定義的線索
在生詞出現(xiàn)的上文或下文，有時能找到對它所下的定義或解釋，由此可判斷其定義。
Finally, there is the ghost that enjoys haunting and works mischief on any person. Of the ghosts who wreak malicious mischief, the outstanding example is the poltergeist. This is the prankish spirit known to all countries and every age for what seems to be its defiance of the laws of nature.
Poltergeist的定義非常明顯，就是the ghosts who wreak malicious mischief.
（2）利用同義的線索（常會有and等表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞）
一個生詞出現(xiàn)的上下文中有時會出現(xiàn)與之同義或近義的詞，它往往揭示或解釋了生詞的詞義。In earlier times the peregrine was the nobleman's hawk.
Peregrine很好找到答案，就是一種hawk.肯定我們不知道什么是Peregrine，但我們知道hawk就足夠了，不影響理解。
（3）利用反義的線索（常會有but，although等表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞）
在某一生詞的前面或后面有時會出現(xiàn)它的反義詞或常用來對比的詞語，由它可以推測生詞詞義。Although the process of training a wild bird of prey is complicated, the task took only two months.
Outwardly Bunche remained calm, but inwardly he felt dismayed.
（4）利用常識猜測詞義
有時一句話中盡管有生詞，但我們可以利用已有的知識去判斷生詞的意思。
Aircraft using the base faced the danger of bird strikes - birds' collisions with aircraft.
（5）利用等式或符號猜測生詞
一段話后面有時會給出一些等式或符號，如前面的話中有生詞，由后面的等式或符號可疑猜出生詞的詞義。Aircraft using the base faced the danger of bird strikes - birds' collisions with aircraft.
bird strikes = birds' collisions
總之，利用多種方法猜測生詞詞義，有助于提高閱讀速度和學習興趣，是英語學習者應當掌握的好方法。
2. 通過構(gòu)詞法猜詞
（1）利用復合詞各部分的結(jié)構(gòu)及意義猜詞：
Almost every known means, from scarecrows to fireworks, was used to drive off the bustards.
Scarecrows=scare + crow （嚇唬+烏鴉=稻草人）
（2）利用詞根詞綴猜詞：
詞根：英語單詞常見詞根總結(jié)
ag,act 做，驅(qū)動 agent代理人 active活動的，積極的
agr 農(nóng)田 agriculture農(nóng)業(yè) agrarian田地的
am 愛，親愛 amicable友善的 amiable和藹可親的
anim 心靈，精神，生命 animal動物 animate有生命的
ann，enn 年 annual一年的 centennial一世紀的
astro 星 astronomy天文學 astronaut宇宙航行員
audi 聽 audience聽眾 audible聽得見的
bell 戰(zhàn)爭 rebellion反叛，反抗 bellicose好戰(zhàn)的
bio 生命，生物 biology生物學 antibiotic抗生的,抗生素
brev 短 brevity 簡短 abbreviate縮短，節(jié)略
cede 走 precedent先行的，在前的 precede先行
cent 百 centimeter厘米 centigrade百分度的
center,centr 中心 concentrate集中 centrifugal離心力的
cide,cis 殺，切 suicide自殺 bactericide殺菌劑
claim,clam 叫喊 exclaim驚叫 proclaim宣布，宣告
clar 清楚，明白 declare表明，聲明 clarify講清楚
clud，clos 關(guān)閉 close關(guān)閉 exclude排斥
cogn 知道 recognize承認 cognitive認識的
cord 心 cordial衷心的 core核心
cosm 宇宙，世界 osmic宇宙的 cosmos宇宙
cred 相信 credibility可信 credit信任
cur,cours 跑 ccurrence出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生 current流通的
cycl 圓，環(huán) bicycle自行車 cyclone旋風
di 日 diary日記 diarist記日記者
dict 說 predict預言 indicate表示
duc,duct 引導 conduct指導 induce引誘
ed 吃 edible可吃的 edacity貪吃
fact 做，制 factory工廠 manufacture制造，加工
fer 帶,拿 transfer轉(zhuǎn)移 ferry渡船
flu 流 fluent流利的 influenza流行性感冒
form 形式，外形 transform改變 formula公式
fract,frag破，折 fraction碎片 fragile易碎的
fus 傾，注，溶化 fusion熔解 effuse瀉出
gen 起源 generate使產(chǎn)生 genetic遺傳的
geo 地球，土地 geography地理 geology地質(zhì)學
grad 步，走，級 gradual逐步的 graduate畢業(yè)
gram 寫，記錄 diagram圖表 program節(jié)目單，方案
graph 寫,畫，記錄 photograph照像 autograph親筆，手稿
gress 行走 progress進步 retrogress后退
hap 機會，運氣，偶發(fā) happen發(fā)生 mishap災禍
hospit 客人 hospital醫(yī)院 hospitable好客的，殷勤的
insul 島 peninsula半島 insulation隔絕，孤立
hydra 水 hydraulic水利的 hydrant消防栓
ject 投，擲，拋 eject射出 project投射
junct 連接，結(jié)合 conjunction連接詞 adjunct附屬物
lect,leg,lig 挑選，采集 lect 選舉 selection選舉 eligible合格的，合適的
lev 舉，升 elevator電梯 lever杠桿
liber 自由 liberate解放 liberalist自由主義的
lingu 語言 linguist語言學家 bilingual兩種語言的
liter 文字，字母 literate識字的 literature文學
loc 地方 local當?shù)氐?locate使座落于
log 詞，語言，講演 dialogue對話 logic邏輯
loqu 說話 eloquent雄辯的 colloquial口語的，會話的
manu 手 manuscript手稿 manual手的，用手的
medi 中間 medium中等的 mediation居中調(diào)解
memor 記憶，記住的 memory記憶 memorial紀念日，紀念物
milit 兵 military軍事的 militant戰(zhàn)斗性的
min 少，小 inority少數(shù) diminish減少，減小
mob,mot,mov 移動 mobile活動的 motion運動 immovable不可移動的
mort 死亡 mortal終有一死的 mortician承辦殯葬的人
nov 新 novel小說 novelty新奇
numer 數(shù) numeral數(shù)字的 numerous為數(shù)眾多的
oper 工作 operate操作 cooperate合作
opt 視線，光線 optic視力的 optics光學
path 感情，苦楚，疾病 sympathy同情 pathetic可憐的
pel 推，逐，驅(qū) expel驅(qū)逐 repel擊退，反擊，抵抗
pend,pen 懸掛 depend依靠 pendent懸空的
phon 聲音 microphone擴音器 telephone電話
plen 滿，全 plenty充足，大量 plentitude豐富，充足
pon,pos 放置 postpone推遲 position位置
popul 人民 population人口 popular人民的，大眾的
port 搬運，帶 portable可攜帶的 porter搬運工人
prim 第一，首要 primary初的 primitive原始的
psych 精神 psychology心理學 psychic精神的
pur 清，純，凈 purify使純凈 depurate使凈化
rect 正，直 erect直立的 correct改正
rid,ris 笑 ridicule嘲笑 derision笑柄，嘲笑
rupt 破 rupture破裂，裂開 interrupt中斷
scend,scens,scent 爬 ascend上，升 descent下降
sci 知道 science科學 conscious有知覺的
sens,sent 感覺 sensation感覺 sentiment感情
sol 太陽 solar太陽的 parasol陽傘
spec 看 spectacle光景，景象 prospect展望
spir 呼吸，生命 conspire共謀 inspire吸氣，鼓舞
tact,tang,tag 接觸 intact未接觸的 tangible可接觸的
tail 切，割 tailor裁縫 retail零售
tain,ten,tin 保持，握，容納 contain容納 obtain取得,sustain支持
tect 掩，蓋 detect偵察 發(fā)覺,detective偵探的
tele 遠 telescope望遠鏡 telegram電報
tend,tens,tent 伸 extend伸開，擴展 extensive廣闊的
text 編織 textile紡織的 texture組織，結(jié)構(gòu)
therm 熱 thermal熱的 thermometer溫度計
tor,tort 扭，扭轉(zhuǎn) orsion扭轉(zhuǎn) distortion歪曲
tract 拖，拉，吸引 attract吸引 attractive有吸引力的
un,uni 一 unite統(tǒng)一，聯(lián)合 union聯(lián)合，工會
ut 用 utility有用 utilize利用
vac,van 空，空虛 vacation假期 vanity空虛，虛榮
vari 變化 various各樣的 variant變異的，不同的
ven 來 intervene干預，介入 prevent防止
vert,vers 轉(zhuǎn) adverse相反的 convert轉(zhuǎn)換
vid,vis 看見 evident明顯的 visible可見的
vit,viv 生活，生存 vital生命的 survival幸存
volv 滾動 revolve旋轉(zhuǎn) involve卷入
wis,wit 知道 wisdom智慧 witty機敏的
表示否定的詞綴：
http://bbs.for68.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=16&ID=8909&page=1
三、考試題型分析
Yes
1、同義表達：
2、原意轉(zhuǎn)化；
3、根據(jù)原文概括或歸納而成的。
No
1、題目與原文直接相反；
2、原文是多個條件并列，題目是其中一個條件；
3、主觀感覺與理論實際；
4、原文和題目中使用了表示不同范圍、頻率、程度的詞；
例如：partially-mostly,
Sometimes-often
Some-a lot of
Occasionally-surely
Not Given
1、題目中的某些內(nèi)容在原文中沒有提及；
2、題目中的范圍小于原文的范圍，也就是更具體；
3、原文是可能性，題目是必然性；
四、實例分析
Mind Games
Seven ways to make your brain better, faster, smarter
1. Move It
Quick-what's the No. 1 thing you can do for your brain's health? Differential calculus, you say? Chess? Chaos theory? Nope, the best brain sharpener may be … sneakers? Yup. Once they're on your feet, you can pump up your heart rate. "The best advice I can give to keep your brain healthy and young is aerobic exercise," says Donald Stuss, PhD, a neuropsychologist and director of the Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care in Toronto. [1]
Mark McDaniel, PhD, professor of psychology at Washington University in St. Louis, agrees, but adds, "I would suggest a combined program of aerobics and weight training. Studies show the best outcomes for those engaged in both types of exercise."
As we age, our brain cells, called neurons, lose the tree-branch-like connections between them. These connections, or synapses（觸突）, are essential to thought. Quite literally, over time, our brains lose their heft（重量）. Perhaps the most striking brain research today is the strong evidence we now have that "exercise may forestall（組織） some kinds of mental decline," notes McDaniel. It may even restore memory. Myriad animal studies have shown that, among other brain benefits, aerobic exercise increases capillary（毛細血管） development in the brain, meaning more blood supply, more nutrients and-a big requirement for brain health-more oxygen.
The preeminent exercise and brain health researcher in humans is Arthur Kramer at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. In a dozen studies over the past few years, with titles such as "Aerobic Fitness Reduces Brain Tissue Loss in Aging Humans," Kramer and his colleagues have proved two critical findings: Fit people have sharper brains, and people who are out of shape, but then get into shape, sharpen up their brains. This second finding is vital. There's no question that working out makes you smarter, and it does so, Kramer notes, at all stages of life. Just as important, exercise staves off（驅(qū)散） heart disease, obesity, diabetes and other maladies that increase the risk of brain problems as we age.
2. Feed It
Another path to a better brain is through your stomach. We've all heard about antioxidants（抗氧化劑） as cancer fighters. Eating foods that contain these molecules（分子）, which neutralize（壓制） harmful free radicals, may be especially good for your brain too. Free radicals have nothing to do with Berkeley politics and everything to do with breaking down the neurons（神經(jīng)元） in our brains. Many colorful fruits and vegetables are packed with antioxidants, as are some beans, whole grains, nuts and spices.
More important, though, is overall nutrition. In concert with a good workout routine, you should eat right to avoid the diseases that modern flesh is heir to. High blood pressure, diabetes, obesity and high cholesterol all make life tough on your brain, says Carol Greenwood, PhD, a geriatric（衰老） research scientist at the University of Toronto.
If your diet is heavy, then you're probably also heavy. The same weight that burdens your legs on the stairs also burdens your brain for the witty reply or quick problem solving. The best things you can eat for your body, Greenwood notes, are also the best things you can eat for your brain. Your brain is in your body, after all. Greenwood's recommendation is to follow the dietary guidelines from the American Diabetes Association. [2]
3. Speed It Up
Sorry to say, our brains naturally start slowing down at the cruelly young age of 30 （yes, 30）. It used to be thought that this couldn't be helped, but a barrage of new studies show that people of any age can train their brains to be faster and, in effect, younger. "Your brain is a learning machine," says Michael Merzenich, PhD, a neuroscientist at the University of California, San Francisco. Given the right tools, we can train our brains to act like they did when we were younger. All that's required is dedicated practice: exercises for the mind. [3]
Merzenich has developed a computer-based training regimen（養(yǎng)生法） to speed up how the brain processes information. Since much of the data we receive comes through speech, the Brain Fitness Program works with language and hearing to improve both speed and accuracy. Over the course of your training, the program starts asking you to distinguish sounds （between "dog" and "bog," for instance） at an increasingly faster rate. It's a bit like a tennis instructor, says Merzenich, shooting balls at you faster and faster over the course of the summer to keep you challenged. Though you may have started out slow, by Labor Day you're pretty nimble.
Similarly, Nintendo was inspired by the research of a Japanese doctor to develop a handheld game called Brain Age: Train Your Brain in Minutes a Day, which has sold more than two million copies in Japan. [10] No software out there has yet been approved by the FDA as a treatment for cognitive impairment, but an increasing number of reputable scientific studies suggest that programs like Merzenich's could help slow down typical brain aging, or even treat dementia（癡呆）. The biggest finding in brain research in the last ten years is that the brain at any age is highly adaptable, or "plastic," as neurologists put it. If you ask your brain to learn, it will learn. And it may speed up in the process.
To keep your brain young and supple, you can purchase software like Merzenich's, or you can do one of a million new activities that challenge and excite you: playing Ping-Pong or contract bridge（橋牌）, doing jigsaw puzzles, learning a new language or the tango, taking accordion lessons, building a kit airplane, mastering bonsai（盆景） technique, discovering the subtleties of beer-brewing and, sure, relearning differential calculus.
"Anything that closely engages your focus and is strongly rewarding," says Merzenich, will kick your brain into learning mode and necessarily notch it up. For his part, Merzenich, 64, has "4,000 hobbies," including a wood shop and a vineyard.
4. Stay Calm
So you may be saying to yourself, I have to sign up right now for Swahili（斯瓦希里語） and calculus and accordion lessons before my brain withers away! Stop! Breathe. Relax. Good.
While challenging your brain is very important, remaining calm is equally so. [4] In a paper on the brain and stress, Jeansok Kim of the University of Washington asserts, in no uncertain terms, that traumatic （創(chuàng)傷）stress is bad for your brain cells. Stress can "disturb cognitive processes such as learning and memory, and consequently limit the quality of human life," writes Kim.
One example is a part of the brain called the hippocampus（海馬體）, which is a primary locus of memory formation, but which can be seriously debilitated by chronic stress. Of course, physical exercise is always a great destressor, [9] as are calmer activities like yoga and meditation. And when you line up your mental calisthenics（運動） （your Swahili and swing lessons）, make sure you can stay loose and have fun.
5. Give It a Rest
Perhaps the most extreme example of the mental power of staying calm is the creative benefit of sleep. [5] Next time you're working on a complex problem, whether it be a calculus proof or choosing the right car for your family, it really pays to "sleep on it." [8] Researchers at Harvard Medical School have looked at the conditions under which people come up with creative solutions. In a study involving math problems, they found that a good night's rest doubled participants' chances of finding a creative solution to the problems the next day. The sleeping brain, they theorize, is vastly capable of synthesizing（綜合，合成） complex information.
6. Laugh a Little
Humor stimulates the parts of our brain that use the "feel good" chemical messenger dopamine（多巴胺）. That puts laughter in the category of activities you want to do over and over again, such as eating chocolate or having sex.
Laughter is pleasurable, perhaps even "addictive," to the brain.
But can humor make us smarter? The jury is still out and more studies are needed, but the initial results are encouraging. [6] Look for a feature on exciting new research about humor and intelligence in the September issue of Reader's Digest.
7. Get Better with Age
In our youth-obsessed culture, no one's suggesting a revision to the Constitution allowing 20-year-olds to run for President. The age requirement remains at 35. You've heard about the wisdom and judgment of older people? Scientists are starting to understand how wisdom works on a neurological level.
When you are older, explains Merzenich, "you have recorded in your brain millions and millions of little social scenarios and facts" that you can call upon at any time. Furthermore, he notes, "you are a much better synthesizer and integrator of that information."
Older people are better at solving problems, because identified a lack of relationships with friends and family as a risk factor for cognitive decline. The study, which followed people over age 65 for four years, found that the probability of maintaining good cognitive function was highest among people who socialized often and had strong social ties; the probability of losing cognitive function was highest among people who had the least contact.
As Barry Gordon, a neurologist at The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and author of Intelligent Memory: Improve the Memory That Makes You Smarter, puts it, "It's nice to know some things get better with age."
Questions:
1. The No. 1 thing you can do for your brain's health is aerobic exercise. [T]
2. The dietary guidelines from the American Diabetes Association will help you to keep fit. [N]
3. Our brains naturally start slowing down at the cruelly young age of 30, and that cannot be helped. [F]
4. Remaining calm is as important as challenging your brain.[T]
5. Sleeping is probably the best way of staying calm. [T]
6. Humor can make us smarter. [F]
7. Wisdom and judgment are accumulated with age. [T]
8. Next time you're working on a complex problem, whether it be a calculus proof or choosing the right car for your family, it is really worth "sleeping on it".
9. Of course, physical exercise is always great to reduce stress.
10. Nintendo developed a handheld game called Brain Age: Train Your Brain in Minutes a Day, which has sold more than two million copies in Japan.
1.推測（prediction）
閱讀正文前，就標題（如果有標題的話）來合理推測資料的大概內(nèi)容，也可在讀了二、三段之后預測下段內(nèi)容。這對快速理解和整體把握文章內(nèi)容以及推測出生詞的詞義范圍有積極的意義。因為英語單詞一詞多義現(xiàn)象太普遍了，一個單詞在不同的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域往往含有不同的意思，甚至有的單詞在同一專業(yè)領(lǐng)域在其意義的具體把握上也有細微的差別。
2.關(guān)鍵詞句（keywordand topicsentences）
在對文章的整體內(nèi)容有了基本認識的基礎上，我們學會抓主要的詞句，找出段落中的主題句，從而正確領(lǐng)會文章的主要內(nèi)容，并注意到是否對自己有利用價值。
3.略讀或瀏覽或跳讀（Skimming）
Skim有掠過的意思，又有從牛奶等液體上撇去的意思，轉(zhuǎn)意為"快速掠過，從中提取容易取得的精華".用于閱讀，或譯為略讀，或譯為泛讀，似乎都未把其細微的意思譯出。而這種讀法卻包含有原詞的所有意思——快速讀過去，取出讀物中關(guān)鍵性的東西。因此，我們可以把這種讀法理解為快速瀏覽課文，領(lǐng)會文章大意。一般而言，通過標題可知道文章的主題。對文章的首段和末段要多加注意，以便發(fā)現(xiàn)作者的觀點。
4.查閱（Scanning）
Scaning的意思是掃讀或查閱，是快讀或速讀的一種。Scan就是通常所說的"掃描".其特點是快，但又要全部掃及。Scan這個詞的詞義似乎矛盾，它既可以理解為"仔細地審視"，也可以理解為"粗略地瀏覽".這種情況倒成了掃讀的絕好證明。從形式上看，掃讀是粗粗地一掃而過，一目十行，但從讀者的注意方面來看，卻又是高度的集中，在快速閱讀中仔細挑出重要的信息。因此，查閱可以理解為迅速找出文章中的有關(guān)事實細節(jié)或某一具體信息；有時要找出某一個單詞或詞組，如人名、地名、日期、價格等；有時要找出文中所述的某一特殊事件，而這一事件可能是由一個詞或短語交代的。若不具備一定的能力，這樣的細節(jié)恐不易發(fā)現(xiàn)。
5.速度變換（Reading rate）
我們要意識到閱讀的速度是不均勻的。也就是說，即使同一個人閱讀同一份材料，但由于閱讀是一種有相當心理負荷的腦力勞動，因此在開始、中途和結(jié)束時的速度不可能一樣。讀物的體裁和難度不一樣，閱讀的速度也不同。我們不要過分焦慮自己的閱讀速度，以免造成不必要的心理壓力。隨著速度的提高，理解的程度都有所降低，所以我們應認識到閱讀文章時的速度是可以調(diào)節(jié)的，只有合適的速度才可能獲得快速準確的閱讀效率。
6.閱讀習慣（Reading Habit）
從主觀上要能克服注意力容易分散即所謂"思想開小差"的毛病，高度集中自己的注意力；從客觀上克服各種無意中形成或由來以久的壞習慣，如搖頭晃腦，抖動雙腿，玩弄紙筆，念念有詞等。這些"小動作"，也會分散注意力、影響思考，降低閱讀速度。
二、快速閱讀難點突破：詞匯難點
1. 利用上下文猜生詞
充分利用上下文給出的線索，有些生詞的意思是可以猜出來的。下面介紹一些基本方法：
（1）利用定義的線索
在生詞出現(xiàn)的上文或下文，有時能找到對它所下的定義或解釋，由此可判斷其定義。
Finally, there is the ghost that enjoys haunting and works mischief on any person. Of the ghosts who wreak malicious mischief, the outstanding example is the poltergeist. This is the prankish spirit known to all countries and every age for what seems to be its defiance of the laws of nature.
Poltergeist的定義非常明顯，就是the ghosts who wreak malicious mischief.
（2）利用同義的線索（常會有and等表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞）
一個生詞出現(xiàn)的上下文中有時會出現(xiàn)與之同義或近義的詞，它往往揭示或解釋了生詞的詞義。In earlier times the peregrine was the nobleman's hawk.
Peregrine很好找到答案，就是一種hawk.肯定我們不知道什么是Peregrine，但我們知道hawk就足夠了，不影響理解。
（3）利用反義的線索（常會有but，although等表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞）
在某一生詞的前面或后面有時會出現(xiàn)它的反義詞或常用來對比的詞語，由它可以推測生詞詞義。Although the process of training a wild bird of prey is complicated, the task took only two months.
Outwardly Bunche remained calm, but inwardly he felt dismayed.
（4）利用常識猜測詞義
有時一句話中盡管有生詞，但我們可以利用已有的知識去判斷生詞的意思。
Aircraft using the base faced the danger of bird strikes - birds' collisions with aircraft.
（5）利用等式或符號猜測生詞
一段話后面有時會給出一些等式或符號，如前面的話中有生詞，由后面的等式或符號可疑猜出生詞的詞義。Aircraft using the base faced the danger of bird strikes - birds' collisions with aircraft.
bird strikes = birds' collisions
總之，利用多種方法猜測生詞詞義，有助于提高閱讀速度和學習興趣，是英語學習者應當掌握的好方法。
2. 通過構(gòu)詞法猜詞
（1）利用復合詞各部分的結(jié)構(gòu)及意義猜詞：
Almost every known means, from scarecrows to fireworks, was used to drive off the bustards.
Scarecrows=scare + crow （嚇唬+烏鴉=稻草人）
（2）利用詞根詞綴猜詞：
詞根：英語單詞常見詞根總結(jié)
ag,act 做，驅(qū)動 agent代理人 active活動的，積極的
agr 農(nóng)田 agriculture農(nóng)業(yè) agrarian田地的
am 愛，親愛 amicable友善的 amiable和藹可親的
anim 心靈，精神，生命 animal動物 animate有生命的
ann，enn 年 annual一年的 centennial一世紀的
astro 星 astronomy天文學 astronaut宇宙航行員
audi 聽 audience聽眾 audible聽得見的
bell 戰(zhàn)爭 rebellion反叛，反抗 bellicose好戰(zhàn)的
bio 生命，生物 biology生物學 antibiotic抗生的,抗生素
brev 短 brevity 簡短 abbreviate縮短，節(jié)略
cede 走 precedent先行的，在前的 precede先行
cent 百 centimeter厘米 centigrade百分度的
center,centr 中心 concentrate集中 centrifugal離心力的
cide,cis 殺，切 suicide自殺 bactericide殺菌劑
claim,clam 叫喊 exclaim驚叫 proclaim宣布，宣告
clar 清楚，明白 declare表明，聲明 clarify講清楚
clud，clos 關(guān)閉 close關(guān)閉 exclude排斥
cogn 知道 recognize承認 cognitive認識的
cord 心 cordial衷心的 core核心
cosm 宇宙，世界 osmic宇宙的 cosmos宇宙
cred 相信 credibility可信 credit信任
cur,cours 跑 ccurrence出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生 current流通的
cycl 圓，環(huán) bicycle自行車 cyclone旋風
di 日 diary日記 diarist記日記者
dict 說 predict預言 indicate表示
duc,duct 引導 conduct指導 induce引誘
ed 吃 edible可吃的 edacity貪吃
fact 做，制 factory工廠 manufacture制造，加工
fer 帶,拿 transfer轉(zhuǎn)移 ferry渡船
flu 流 fluent流利的 influenza流行性感冒
form 形式，外形 transform改變 formula公式
fract,frag破，折 fraction碎片 fragile易碎的
fus 傾，注，溶化 fusion熔解 effuse瀉出
gen 起源 generate使產(chǎn)生 genetic遺傳的
geo 地球，土地 geography地理 geology地質(zhì)學
grad 步，走，級 gradual逐步的 graduate畢業(yè)
gram 寫，記錄 diagram圖表 program節(jié)目單，方案
graph 寫,畫，記錄 photograph照像 autograph親筆，手稿
gress 行走 progress進步 retrogress后退
hap 機會，運氣，偶發(fā) happen發(fā)生 mishap災禍
hospit 客人 hospital醫(yī)院 hospitable好客的，殷勤的
insul 島 peninsula半島 insulation隔絕，孤立
hydra 水 hydraulic水利的 hydrant消防栓
ject 投，擲，拋 eject射出 project投射
junct 連接，結(jié)合 conjunction連接詞 adjunct附屬物
lect,leg,lig 挑選，采集 lect 選舉 selection選舉 eligible合格的，合適的
lev 舉，升 elevator電梯 lever杠桿
liber 自由 liberate解放 liberalist自由主義的
lingu 語言 linguist語言學家 bilingual兩種語言的
liter 文字，字母 literate識字的 literature文學
loc 地方 local當?shù)氐?locate使座落于
log 詞，語言，講演 dialogue對話 logic邏輯
loqu 說話 eloquent雄辯的 colloquial口語的，會話的
manu 手 manuscript手稿 manual手的，用手的
medi 中間 medium中等的 mediation居中調(diào)解
memor 記憶，記住的 memory記憶 memorial紀念日，紀念物
milit 兵 military軍事的 militant戰(zhàn)斗性的
min 少，小 inority少數(shù) diminish減少，減小
mob,mot,mov 移動 mobile活動的 motion運動 immovable不可移動的
mort 死亡 mortal終有一死的 mortician承辦殯葬的人
nov 新 novel小說 novelty新奇
numer 數(shù) numeral數(shù)字的 numerous為數(shù)眾多的
oper 工作 operate操作 cooperate合作
opt 視線，光線 optic視力的 optics光學
path 感情，苦楚，疾病 sympathy同情 pathetic可憐的
pel 推，逐，驅(qū) expel驅(qū)逐 repel擊退，反擊，抵抗
pend,pen 懸掛 depend依靠 pendent懸空的
phon 聲音 microphone擴音器 telephone電話
plen 滿，全 plenty充足，大量 plentitude豐富，充足
pon,pos 放置 postpone推遲 position位置
popul 人民 population人口 popular人民的，大眾的
port 搬運，帶 portable可攜帶的 porter搬運工人
prim 第一，首要 primary初的 primitive原始的
psych 精神 psychology心理學 psychic精神的
pur 清，純，凈 purify使純凈 depurate使凈化
rect 正，直 erect直立的 correct改正
rid,ris 笑 ridicule嘲笑 derision笑柄，嘲笑
rupt 破 rupture破裂，裂開 interrupt中斷
scend,scens,scent 爬 ascend上，升 descent下降
sci 知道 science科學 conscious有知覺的
sens,sent 感覺 sensation感覺 sentiment感情
sol 太陽 solar太陽的 parasol陽傘
spec 看 spectacle光景，景象 prospect展望
spir 呼吸，生命 conspire共謀 inspire吸氣，鼓舞
tact,tang,tag 接觸 intact未接觸的 tangible可接觸的
tail 切，割 tailor裁縫 retail零售
tain,ten,tin 保持，握，容納 contain容納 obtain取得,sustain支持
tect 掩，蓋 detect偵察 發(fā)覺,detective偵探的
tele 遠 telescope望遠鏡 telegram電報
tend,tens,tent 伸 extend伸開，擴展 extensive廣闊的
text 編織 textile紡織的 texture組織，結(jié)構(gòu)
therm 熱 thermal熱的 thermometer溫度計
tor,tort 扭，扭轉(zhuǎn) orsion扭轉(zhuǎn) distortion歪曲
tract 拖，拉，吸引 attract吸引 attractive有吸引力的
un,uni 一 unite統(tǒng)一，聯(lián)合 union聯(lián)合，工會
ut 用 utility有用 utilize利用
vac,van 空，空虛 vacation假期 vanity空虛，虛榮
vari 變化 various各樣的 variant變異的，不同的
ven 來 intervene干預，介入 prevent防止
vert,vers 轉(zhuǎn) adverse相反的 convert轉(zhuǎn)換
vid,vis 看見 evident明顯的 visible可見的
vit,viv 生活，生存 vital生命的 survival幸存
volv 滾動 revolve旋轉(zhuǎn) involve卷入
wis,wit 知道 wisdom智慧 witty機敏的
表示否定的詞綴：
http://bbs.for68.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=16&ID=8909&page=1
三、考試題型分析
Yes
1、同義表達：
2、原意轉(zhuǎn)化；
3、根據(jù)原文概括或歸納而成的。
No
1、題目與原文直接相反；
2、原文是多個條件并列，題目是其中一個條件；
3、主觀感覺與理論實際；
4、原文和題目中使用了表示不同范圍、頻率、程度的詞；
例如：partially-mostly,
Sometimes-often
Some-a lot of
Occasionally-surely
Not Given
1、題目中的某些內(nèi)容在原文中沒有提及；
2、題目中的范圍小于原文的范圍，也就是更具體；
3、原文是可能性，題目是必然性；
四、實例分析
Mind Games
Seven ways to make your brain better, faster, smarter
1. Move It
Quick-what's the No. 1 thing you can do for your brain's health? Differential calculus, you say? Chess? Chaos theory? Nope, the best brain sharpener may be … sneakers? Yup. Once they're on your feet, you can pump up your heart rate. "The best advice I can give to keep your brain healthy and young is aerobic exercise," says Donald Stuss, PhD, a neuropsychologist and director of the Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care in Toronto. [1]
Mark McDaniel, PhD, professor of psychology at Washington University in St. Louis, agrees, but adds, "I would suggest a combined program of aerobics and weight training. Studies show the best outcomes for those engaged in both types of exercise."
As we age, our brain cells, called neurons, lose the tree-branch-like connections between them. These connections, or synapses（觸突）, are essential to thought. Quite literally, over time, our brains lose their heft（重量）. Perhaps the most striking brain research today is the strong evidence we now have that "exercise may forestall（組織） some kinds of mental decline," notes McDaniel. It may even restore memory. Myriad animal studies have shown that, among other brain benefits, aerobic exercise increases capillary（毛細血管） development in the brain, meaning more blood supply, more nutrients and-a big requirement for brain health-more oxygen.
The preeminent exercise and brain health researcher in humans is Arthur Kramer at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. In a dozen studies over the past few years, with titles such as "Aerobic Fitness Reduces Brain Tissue Loss in Aging Humans," Kramer and his colleagues have proved two critical findings: Fit people have sharper brains, and people who are out of shape, but then get into shape, sharpen up their brains. This second finding is vital. There's no question that working out makes you smarter, and it does so, Kramer notes, at all stages of life. Just as important, exercise staves off（驅(qū)散） heart disease, obesity, diabetes and other maladies that increase the risk of brain problems as we age.
2. Feed It
Another path to a better brain is through your stomach. We've all heard about antioxidants（抗氧化劑） as cancer fighters. Eating foods that contain these molecules（分子）, which neutralize（壓制） harmful free radicals, may be especially good for your brain too. Free radicals have nothing to do with Berkeley politics and everything to do with breaking down the neurons（神經(jīng)元） in our brains. Many colorful fruits and vegetables are packed with antioxidants, as are some beans, whole grains, nuts and spices.
More important, though, is overall nutrition. In concert with a good workout routine, you should eat right to avoid the diseases that modern flesh is heir to. High blood pressure, diabetes, obesity and high cholesterol all make life tough on your brain, says Carol Greenwood, PhD, a geriatric（衰老） research scientist at the University of Toronto.
If your diet is heavy, then you're probably also heavy. The same weight that burdens your legs on the stairs also burdens your brain for the witty reply or quick problem solving. The best things you can eat for your body, Greenwood notes, are also the best things you can eat for your brain. Your brain is in your body, after all. Greenwood's recommendation is to follow the dietary guidelines from the American Diabetes Association. [2]
3. Speed It Up
Sorry to say, our brains naturally start slowing down at the cruelly young age of 30 （yes, 30）. It used to be thought that this couldn't be helped, but a barrage of new studies show that people of any age can train their brains to be faster and, in effect, younger. "Your brain is a learning machine," says Michael Merzenich, PhD, a neuroscientist at the University of California, San Francisco. Given the right tools, we can train our brains to act like they did when we were younger. All that's required is dedicated practice: exercises for the mind. [3]
Merzenich has developed a computer-based training regimen（養(yǎng)生法） to speed up how the brain processes information. Since much of the data we receive comes through speech, the Brain Fitness Program works with language and hearing to improve both speed and accuracy. Over the course of your training, the program starts asking you to distinguish sounds （between "dog" and "bog," for instance） at an increasingly faster rate. It's a bit like a tennis instructor, says Merzenich, shooting balls at you faster and faster over the course of the summer to keep you challenged. Though you may have started out slow, by Labor Day you're pretty nimble.
Similarly, Nintendo was inspired by the research of a Japanese doctor to develop a handheld game called Brain Age: Train Your Brain in Minutes a Day, which has sold more than two million copies in Japan. [10] No software out there has yet been approved by the FDA as a treatment for cognitive impairment, but an increasing number of reputable scientific studies suggest that programs like Merzenich's could help slow down typical brain aging, or even treat dementia（癡呆）. The biggest finding in brain research in the last ten years is that the brain at any age is highly adaptable, or "plastic," as neurologists put it. If you ask your brain to learn, it will learn. And it may speed up in the process.
To keep your brain young and supple, you can purchase software like Merzenich's, or you can do one of a million new activities that challenge and excite you: playing Ping-Pong or contract bridge（橋牌）, doing jigsaw puzzles, learning a new language or the tango, taking accordion lessons, building a kit airplane, mastering bonsai（盆景） technique, discovering the subtleties of beer-brewing and, sure, relearning differential calculus.
"Anything that closely engages your focus and is strongly rewarding," says Merzenich, will kick your brain into learning mode and necessarily notch it up. For his part, Merzenich, 64, has "4,000 hobbies," including a wood shop and a vineyard.
4. Stay Calm
So you may be saying to yourself, I have to sign up right now for Swahili（斯瓦希里語） and calculus and accordion lessons before my brain withers away! Stop! Breathe. Relax. Good.
While challenging your brain is very important, remaining calm is equally so. [4] In a paper on the brain and stress, Jeansok Kim of the University of Washington asserts, in no uncertain terms, that traumatic （創(chuàng)傷）stress is bad for your brain cells. Stress can "disturb cognitive processes such as learning and memory, and consequently limit the quality of human life," writes Kim.
One example is a part of the brain called the hippocampus（海馬體）, which is a primary locus of memory formation, but which can be seriously debilitated by chronic stress. Of course, physical exercise is always a great destressor, [9] as are calmer activities like yoga and meditation. And when you line up your mental calisthenics（運動） （your Swahili and swing lessons）, make sure you can stay loose and have fun.
5. Give It a Rest
Perhaps the most extreme example of the mental power of staying calm is the creative benefit of sleep. [5] Next time you're working on a complex problem, whether it be a calculus proof or choosing the right car for your family, it really pays to "sleep on it." [8] Researchers at Harvard Medical School have looked at the conditions under which people come up with creative solutions. In a study involving math problems, they found that a good night's rest doubled participants' chances of finding a creative solution to the problems the next day. The sleeping brain, they theorize, is vastly capable of synthesizing（綜合，合成） complex information.
6. Laugh a Little
Humor stimulates the parts of our brain that use the "feel good" chemical messenger dopamine（多巴胺）. That puts laughter in the category of activities you want to do over and over again, such as eating chocolate or having sex.
Laughter is pleasurable, perhaps even "addictive," to the brain.
But can humor make us smarter? The jury is still out and more studies are needed, but the initial results are encouraging. [6] Look for a feature on exciting new research about humor and intelligence in the September issue of Reader's Digest.
7. Get Better with Age
In our youth-obsessed culture, no one's suggesting a revision to the Constitution allowing 20-year-olds to run for President. The age requirement remains at 35. You've heard about the wisdom and judgment of older people? Scientists are starting to understand how wisdom works on a neurological level.
When you are older, explains Merzenich, "you have recorded in your brain millions and millions of little social scenarios and facts" that you can call upon at any time. Furthermore, he notes, "you are a much better synthesizer and integrator of that information."
Older people are better at solving problems, because identified a lack of relationships with friends and family as a risk factor for cognitive decline. The study, which followed people over age 65 for four years, found that the probability of maintaining good cognitive function was highest among people who socialized often and had strong social ties; the probability of losing cognitive function was highest among people who had the least contact.
As Barry Gordon, a neurologist at The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and author of Intelligent Memory: Improve the Memory That Makes You Smarter, puts it, "It's nice to know some things get better with age."
Questions:
1. The No. 1 thing you can do for your brain's health is aerobic exercise. [T]
2. The dietary guidelines from the American Diabetes Association will help you to keep fit. [N]
3. Our brains naturally start slowing down at the cruelly young age of 30, and that cannot be helped. [F]
4. Remaining calm is as important as challenging your brain.[T]
5. Sleeping is probably the best way of staying calm. [T]
6. Humor can make us smarter. [F]
7. Wisdom and judgment are accumulated with age. [T]
8. Next time you're working on a complex problem, whether it be a calculus proof or choosing the right car for your family, it is really worth "sleeping on it".
9. Of course, physical exercise is always great to reduce stress.
10. Nintendo developed a handheld game called Brain Age: Train Your Brain in Minutes a Day, which has sold more than two million copies in Japan.