Unit24（第71講—第73講）
2. They are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up the economic growth of the nations in which they are located.
本句中的clear用作動詞，意思是remove （清除），如：
1） Brazil's forests were being cleared at the rate of almost 7，000 square miles a year.（巴西的森林以每年近7，000平方英里的速度被清除。）
2）The children were helping me clear weeds from the garden. （孩子們在幫助我清除花園里的雜草。）
speed up是個常用短語，意思是increase the speed
1）Tom speeded up and overtook his classmates. （湯姆加快了速度，趕上他的同學(xué)們。）
注意speed用在詞組動詞中時，其過去式和過去分詞為speeded， 其他情況下，其過去式和過去分詞為sped.
2） Africa's population growth speeded up. （非洲的人口增長加速。）
3） Bad housing and poverty speed up the breakdown of family life. （惡劣的住房條件和貧困加快了家庭的破裂。）
表示“坐落于某地”時，locate常用在被動語態(tài)中，be located.in which they are located中的they指rainforests， which指nations.
1） The factory is located in the suburb. （那家工廠坐落于郊區(qū)。）
2） The hospital is located in the center of the city. （醫(yī)院坐落于市中心。）
3. According to many scientists， the burning of rainforests is also directly contributing to the so-called greenhouse effect.
contribute to在本句中的意思是help to bring about （促戰(zhàn)，造成）。如：
1） Your suggestion will contribute to solving the problem. （你的建議將有助于解決這個問題。）
2）Carelessness contributed to his errors. （粗心大意造成了他的錯誤。）
so-called用作形容詞，意思是“所謂的”。如：
1） He was deceived by his so-called friend. （他被所謂的朋友騙了。）
2） The so-called Christian even showed no love to his own children. （這個所謂的基督徒連對自己的孩子都沒有愛心。）
effect在句中用作名詞，意思是“效果，效應(yīng)”，在第三單元中我們對名詞effect和動詞affect做過詳細講解，再請看幾個例句。
1） The sound effect of this movie is great. （這部電影的音響效果很棒。）
2） Excessive smoking will have a bad effect on your health. （吸煙過多將會給你的身體帶來不良影響。）
3） Too much rainfall affected the harvest. （過多的雨水影響了收成。）
4）I hope what I have said won't affect your decision. （希望我的話不會影響你的決定。）
4. It is a medicine chest of unlimited potential.
chest可以指胸腔或柜子、箱子，medicine chest是“藥箱”的意思。
potential在句中用作名詞，意思是“潛力”，potential也可用作形容詞，意思是“潛在的”。
1） They are determined to tap their potential to the full. （他們決心充分挖掘自己的潛力。）
2） The aim of this advertisement is to attract potential customers. （這則廣告的目標是吸引潛在的顧客。）
3） You have to know more about the potential demand of the market.（你得對市場上可能達到的需求量有更多的了解。）
5. In today's pharmaceutical market 15 of the 125 drugs derived from plants were discovered in the rainforest. derived from plants是現(xiàn)在分詞短語做定語，相當于被動語態(tài)的定語從句。如：
1） The beer bought from the supermarket is very light. （在超市買的那啤酒口味很淡。）
2） The candy made from cactus tastes strange. （用仙人掌做的糖果味道很怪。）
15 of the 125意思是125中的15.再如two of the three （三個中的兩個）
derive from意思是get from， obtain from， 如：
1） Much of his knowledge is derived from books. （他的許多知識得自書本。）
2） He derived his stories from his experiences in the countryside. （他的故事來自于他在農(nóng)村的經(jīng)歷。）
6. Rare birds and animals that cannot be found anywhere else in the world have been disappearing at the rate of one a year since the turn of the century.
句中的else是形容詞，常接在不定代詞的后面，表示“其他的，別的”，如：
1） Is there anything else I can do for you？（我還能為你做些別的事嗎？）
2） Did anybody else know this？ （有其他人知道這件事嗎？）
3） He didn't go anywhere else. （他沒去其他地方。）
one a year意思是“每年一種”。這種表達方式在英語中很常用，如：
1） Take the medicine three times a day. （每日三次服這種藥。）
2） They met three times a week. （他們每周見三次。）
3） He finishes 5 books a month. （他一個月讀完五本書。）
當時間狀語用since引導(dǎo)時，句子中的時態(tài)常用完成時。如：
1） He has been living here since he came to Nanjing 5 years ago. （自從他五年前來到南京，他就一直住在這兒。）
2） They haven't seen each other since last May. （自去年五月起，他們一直沒見過面。）
turn在句中做名詞，意思是“轉(zhuǎn)折點”。since the turn of the century意思是“自本世紀初（或上世紀末）?！?BR> 1） He hasn't written home since the turn of the year. （自去年底以來他還未給家里寫過信。）
2） At the turn of the two centuries， they had many hearty wishes for their family.（在兩個世紀交替之時，他們對家人有許多衷心的祝愿。）
7. In the face of all these facts， it seems senseless for countries to continue destroying their rainforests.
介詞短語in the face of 意思是“面對”。如：
1） They didn't give up in the face of adversity. （面對逆境，他們沒有放棄。）
1）He kept his head in the face of flattery. （面對奉承，他保持鎮(zhèn)靜。）
it seems senseless for sb. to do sth. （對于某人來說做某事是愚蠢的）
it是形式主語，動詞不定式真正的主語。這種句式我們已多次碰到過。如：
1） It is important for us to get into contact with them as soon as possible.（我們盡快與他們?nèi)〉寐?lián)系是很重要的。）
2） It seems useless for you to argue further with him. （你再跟他爭辯下去似乎是毫無意義的。）
在動詞continue的后面既可以用動詞不定式也可以用動名詞，意思都是“不間斷地做某事”。如：
1） It is necessary for us to continue to learn things in life. （我們在生活中不斷學(xué)習(xí)是必要的。）
2） He continued doing his homework. （他繼續(xù)做家庭作業(yè)。）
8. …the government often have no choice but to turn a blind eye.
have no choice but to do sth. （別無選擇，只能…），如：
1） I had no choice but to take the last train to go home. （我別無選擇，只能乘末班火車回家。）
2）They had no choice but to accept the term. （他們別無選擇，只能接受這個條件。）
turn a blind eye （to sth.） （對…視而不見），類似的表達不有turn a deaf ear to sth.，如：
1）He turned a blind eye to the messy room （他對凌亂的房間視而不見。）
2）The manager turned a deaf ear to the customers' complaints about the poor service.（顧客報怨服務(wù)太差，經(jīng)理對此置若罔聞。）
9. …which they badly need to pay off their foreign debts and purchase foreign equipment and other goods.
badly在本句中用作副詞，意思是extremely.如：
1） I am badly in need of advice. （我急需建議。）
2） We need the money badly. （我們非常需要這筆錢。）
pay off的意思是pay all that is owed （清償）。如：
1） It book him 6 years to pay off the debt.（他花了六年時間才還清那筆債。）
2） He won't be able to pay off a home all his life. （他一輩子也不能付清購買住房所下的錢。）
equipment是不可數(shù)名詞，不可在其后加s.
goods是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，意思是“商品；貨物”。
10. …h(huán)ow to select trees worth exporting and to cut only those trees down while leaving the rest， so that the basic make up of the forest would not be disturbed.
形容詞worth后面通常接動名詞或名詞。如：
1） This book is worth reading. （這本書值得一讀。）
2） The equipment is worth 10，000 dollars. （這臺設(shè)備值一萬美元。）
請注意區(qū)別worth，worthy和worthwhile：
1） be worth + n. = be worthy of + n.
This matter is worth consideration.
This matter is worthy of consideration.
2） be worth doing = be worthy of being done
to be done
This matter is worth considering.
This matter is worthy of being considered.
to be considered.
3） It is worthwhile doing sth.
to do sth.
It is worthwhile to consider the matter.
considering the matter.
make-up在句中用作名詞，意思是“組成，構(gòu)造”。如：
1） He didn't know the make-up of the mineral. （他不知道這種礦物質(zhì)的構(gòu)成。）
2） The make-up of Chinese characters is hard for many foreigners. （對許多外國人來說漢字的構(gòu)造很難。）
make-up還可以表示“化妝”、“虛構(gòu)”、“補考”。
11. Last but not least， …
本句的意思是the last point but not the least important one （后一點，但并不是不重要的點。）
本課主要短語及表達
1. at such a rate
2. speed up
3. be located
4. be allowed to
5. according to
6. contribute to
7. derive from
8. continue doing
9. in the face of
10. continue doing
11. stop sb. from doing sth.
12. cut down
13. turn a blind eye
14. pay off
15. regard…as
16. make a living
17. be worth doing
18. make…into…
19. on the spot
20. in addition to
Text B life in the tundra
短語表達
1. be known as
China is known as one of the four ancient civilizations.
She is known as a great singer.
2. adapt to
It is hard for him to adapt to the food and climate there.
He is well adapted to the harsh environment.
3. threat to
Heart diseases are major threats to life.
Darkness is a threat to him.
4. to some degree
I agree with you to some degree.
To some degree he hated his work.
5. as if by magic
His face turned green as if by magic.
The sun appeared after the rain as if by magic.
6. give birth to
Mrs. Brown gave birth to a baby girl last week.
The summer sun gives birth to many species of arctic plants.
7. in search of
The whole family was out in search of the lost pet dog.
All his life he has been in search of the meaning of life.
8. migrate to
Many birds migrate to the south in winter.
He migrated from Canada to the United States when he was 30.
9. in turn
We drove to the beach last week. The two of us took the wheel in turn.
Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.
10. result in
His carelessness resulted in the accident.
Deforestation will result in disastrous ecological changes.
2. They are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up the economic growth of the nations in which they are located.
本句中的clear用作動詞，意思是remove （清除），如：
1） Brazil's forests were being cleared at the rate of almost 7，000 square miles a year.（巴西的森林以每年近7，000平方英里的速度被清除。）
2）The children were helping me clear weeds from the garden. （孩子們在幫助我清除花園里的雜草。）
speed up是個常用短語，意思是increase the speed
1）Tom speeded up and overtook his classmates. （湯姆加快了速度，趕上他的同學(xué)們。）
注意speed用在詞組動詞中時，其過去式和過去分詞為speeded， 其他情況下，其過去式和過去分詞為sped.
2） Africa's population growth speeded up. （非洲的人口增長加速。）
3） Bad housing and poverty speed up the breakdown of family life. （惡劣的住房條件和貧困加快了家庭的破裂。）
表示“坐落于某地”時，locate常用在被動語態(tài)中，be located.in which they are located中的they指rainforests， which指nations.
1） The factory is located in the suburb. （那家工廠坐落于郊區(qū)。）
2） The hospital is located in the center of the city. （醫(yī)院坐落于市中心。）
3. According to many scientists， the burning of rainforests is also directly contributing to the so-called greenhouse effect.
contribute to在本句中的意思是help to bring about （促戰(zhàn)，造成）。如：
1） Your suggestion will contribute to solving the problem. （你的建議將有助于解決這個問題。）
2）Carelessness contributed to his errors. （粗心大意造成了他的錯誤。）
so-called用作形容詞，意思是“所謂的”。如：
1） He was deceived by his so-called friend. （他被所謂的朋友騙了。）
2） The so-called Christian even showed no love to his own children. （這個所謂的基督徒連對自己的孩子都沒有愛心。）
effect在句中用作名詞，意思是“效果，效應(yīng)”，在第三單元中我們對名詞effect和動詞affect做過詳細講解，再請看幾個例句。
1） The sound effect of this movie is great. （這部電影的音響效果很棒。）
2） Excessive smoking will have a bad effect on your health. （吸煙過多將會給你的身體帶來不良影響。）
3） Too much rainfall affected the harvest. （過多的雨水影響了收成。）
4）I hope what I have said won't affect your decision. （希望我的話不會影響你的決定。）
4. It is a medicine chest of unlimited potential.
chest可以指胸腔或柜子、箱子，medicine chest是“藥箱”的意思。
potential在句中用作名詞，意思是“潛力”，potential也可用作形容詞，意思是“潛在的”。
1） They are determined to tap their potential to the full. （他們決心充分挖掘自己的潛力。）
2） The aim of this advertisement is to attract potential customers. （這則廣告的目標是吸引潛在的顧客。）
3） You have to know more about the potential demand of the market.（你得對市場上可能達到的需求量有更多的了解。）
5. In today's pharmaceutical market 15 of the 125 drugs derived from plants were discovered in the rainforest. derived from plants是現(xiàn)在分詞短語做定語，相當于被動語態(tài)的定語從句。如：
1） The beer bought from the supermarket is very light. （在超市買的那啤酒口味很淡。）
2） The candy made from cactus tastes strange. （用仙人掌做的糖果味道很怪。）
15 of the 125意思是125中的15.再如two of the three （三個中的兩個）
derive from意思是get from， obtain from， 如：
1） Much of his knowledge is derived from books. （他的許多知識得自書本。）
2） He derived his stories from his experiences in the countryside. （他的故事來自于他在農(nóng)村的經(jīng)歷。）
6. Rare birds and animals that cannot be found anywhere else in the world have been disappearing at the rate of one a year since the turn of the century.
句中的else是形容詞，常接在不定代詞的后面，表示“其他的，別的”，如：
1） Is there anything else I can do for you？（我還能為你做些別的事嗎？）
2） Did anybody else know this？ （有其他人知道這件事嗎？）
3） He didn't go anywhere else. （他沒去其他地方。）
one a year意思是“每年一種”。這種表達方式在英語中很常用，如：
1） Take the medicine three times a day. （每日三次服這種藥。）
2） They met three times a week. （他們每周見三次。）
3） He finishes 5 books a month. （他一個月讀完五本書。）
當時間狀語用since引導(dǎo)時，句子中的時態(tài)常用完成時。如：
1） He has been living here since he came to Nanjing 5 years ago. （自從他五年前來到南京，他就一直住在這兒。）
2） They haven't seen each other since last May. （自去年五月起，他們一直沒見過面。）
turn在句中做名詞，意思是“轉(zhuǎn)折點”。since the turn of the century意思是“自本世紀初（或上世紀末）?！?BR> 1） He hasn't written home since the turn of the year. （自去年底以來他還未給家里寫過信。）
2） At the turn of the two centuries， they had many hearty wishes for their family.（在兩個世紀交替之時，他們對家人有許多衷心的祝愿。）
7. In the face of all these facts， it seems senseless for countries to continue destroying their rainforests.
介詞短語in the face of 意思是“面對”。如：
1） They didn't give up in the face of adversity. （面對逆境，他們沒有放棄。）
1）He kept his head in the face of flattery. （面對奉承，他保持鎮(zhèn)靜。）
it seems senseless for sb. to do sth. （對于某人來說做某事是愚蠢的）
it是形式主語，動詞不定式真正的主語。這種句式我們已多次碰到過。如：
1） It is important for us to get into contact with them as soon as possible.（我們盡快與他們?nèi)〉寐?lián)系是很重要的。）
2） It seems useless for you to argue further with him. （你再跟他爭辯下去似乎是毫無意義的。）
在動詞continue的后面既可以用動詞不定式也可以用動名詞，意思都是“不間斷地做某事”。如：
1） It is necessary for us to continue to learn things in life. （我們在生活中不斷學(xué)習(xí)是必要的。）
2） He continued doing his homework. （他繼續(xù)做家庭作業(yè)。）
8. …the government often have no choice but to turn a blind eye.
have no choice but to do sth. （別無選擇，只能…），如：
1） I had no choice but to take the last train to go home. （我別無選擇，只能乘末班火車回家。）
2）They had no choice but to accept the term. （他們別無選擇，只能接受這個條件。）
turn a blind eye （to sth.） （對…視而不見），類似的表達不有turn a deaf ear to sth.，如：
1）He turned a blind eye to the messy room （他對凌亂的房間視而不見。）
2）The manager turned a deaf ear to the customers' complaints about the poor service.（顧客報怨服務(wù)太差，經(jīng)理對此置若罔聞。）
9. …which they badly need to pay off their foreign debts and purchase foreign equipment and other goods.
badly在本句中用作副詞，意思是extremely.如：
1） I am badly in need of advice. （我急需建議。）
2） We need the money badly. （我們非常需要這筆錢。）
pay off的意思是pay all that is owed （清償）。如：
1） It book him 6 years to pay off the debt.（他花了六年時間才還清那筆債。）
2） He won't be able to pay off a home all his life. （他一輩子也不能付清購買住房所下的錢。）
equipment是不可數(shù)名詞，不可在其后加s.
goods是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，意思是“商品；貨物”。
10. …h(huán)ow to select trees worth exporting and to cut only those trees down while leaving the rest， so that the basic make up of the forest would not be disturbed.
形容詞worth后面通常接動名詞或名詞。如：
1） This book is worth reading. （這本書值得一讀。）
2） The equipment is worth 10，000 dollars. （這臺設(shè)備值一萬美元。）
請注意區(qū)別worth，worthy和worthwhile：
1） be worth + n. = be worthy of + n.
This matter is worth consideration.
This matter is worthy of consideration.
2） be worth doing = be worthy of being done
to be done
This matter is worth considering.
This matter is worthy of being considered.
to be considered.
3） It is worthwhile doing sth.
to do sth.
It is worthwhile to consider the matter.
considering the matter.
make-up在句中用作名詞，意思是“組成，構(gòu)造”。如：
1） He didn't know the make-up of the mineral. （他不知道這種礦物質(zhì)的構(gòu)成。）
2） The make-up of Chinese characters is hard for many foreigners. （對許多外國人來說漢字的構(gòu)造很難。）
make-up還可以表示“化妝”、“虛構(gòu)”、“補考”。
11. Last but not least， …
本句的意思是the last point but not the least important one （后一點，但并不是不重要的點。）
本課主要短語及表達
1. at such a rate
2. speed up
3. be located
4. be allowed to
5. according to
6. contribute to
7. derive from
8. continue doing
9. in the face of
10. continue doing
11. stop sb. from doing sth.
12. cut down
13. turn a blind eye
14. pay off
15. regard…as
16. make a living
17. be worth doing
18. make…into…
19. on the spot
20. in addition to
Text B life in the tundra
短語表達
1. be known as
China is known as one of the four ancient civilizations.
She is known as a great singer.
2. adapt to
It is hard for him to adapt to the food and climate there.
He is well adapted to the harsh environment.
3. threat to
Heart diseases are major threats to life.
Darkness is a threat to him.
4. to some degree
I agree with you to some degree.
To some degree he hated his work.
5. as if by magic
His face turned green as if by magic.
The sun appeared after the rain as if by magic.
6. give birth to
Mrs. Brown gave birth to a baby girl last week.
The summer sun gives birth to many species of arctic plants.
7. in search of
The whole family was out in search of the lost pet dog.
All his life he has been in search of the meaning of life.
8. migrate to
Many birds migrate to the south in winter.
He migrated from Canada to the United States when he was 30.
9. in turn
We drove to the beach last week. The two of us took the wheel in turn.
Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.
10. result in
His carelessness resulted in the accident.
Deforestation will result in disastrous ecological changes.