Lesson Eight A Lesson in Living 1.inedible: not fit to be eaten不可食的,不宜食用的2.swirl :( cause to ) move or flow at varying speeds , with twise and turns 渦旋而動,使打旋。
如:A gust of wind swirled dust about the streets . 陣風(fēng)吹起灰塵彌漫大街。
The snow was swirling in the air .雪花在空中盤旋。
3.…… that would have peeled like a plum if snagged . peel : came off in stips or flakes剝落,脫皮。
如:The wall-paper seems to be peeling off .墻紙看來要剝落了。
4.let alone : without reference to , or considering 更不必說。
如; He doesn‘t have money for food , let alone amusements.他連吃飯的錢都沒有,更甭說娛樂了。
5.incessant : continual, often repeated :不斷的,不停的。
如:incessant chatter 喋喋不休;incessant rain連綿不斷的雨。
6.It would be safe to say that……可以這么說……。
如; It would be safe to say that you would get nowhere if you are so lazy .可以這么說,如果你這樣懶惰,你將一事無成。
7.pick her way:慎行。
另如:pick one‘s words精選詞語;pick flaws找碴;pick and steal小偷小摸;pick and choose挑三揀四。
8.bear in mind: remember 記住。
如:Please bear in mind that we are friends . 請記住,我們是朋友。
9.infuse them with infuse : fill 灌輸。
如:The coach infused the team with enthusiasm .教練給隊(duì)員注入了熱情。
They tried to infuse them with new ideas .他試圖給他們灌輸新思路。
10.My imagination boggled at the punishment I would deserve ……
a. boggle : to overwhelm or bewilder , as with magnitude or complexity吃驚,受驚,心驚肉跳b. deserve: be worthy of ……值得11. it follows that ……(由……推斷)結(jié)果自然是…… .如:From what he said , it follows that he didn‘t like the girl .從他所說的推斷,自然是他不喜歡那女孩。
12. That in those homely sayings was couched the collective wisdom of generations. a.根據(jù)上文* “that”可以理解為in that (即;因?yàn)椋?BR> b. that 后面是倒裝句,正常語序應(yīng)為:The collective…… was couched in those homely sayings. c. homely: simple , unpretentious; commonly known , familiar 樸素的,不華麗的。
如:a homely meal 家常便飯。
d. couch: put( a thought, etc, in words )以某種措詞表達(dá)。
如:They couched criticisms in factful language . 他們用事實(shí)的語言表達(dá)了批評。
13. search…… for the enchantment……: look through a place carefully in order to find something missing; explore or examine in order to discover仔細(xì)尋找。
一般結(jié)構(gòu)為:search + place +(for ) object . 如:He search every drawer for the notebook。 為了找筆記本,他搜遍了每個(gè)抽屜。
I search my memory for his name . 我努力在記憶中尋找他的名字。
14. singled …… out: pick or choose (one ) from others單單挑出。
如:He singled me out for special mention . 他單單特別提到了我。
Why single him out for criticism?為什么就單單批評他?
15. take to : to respond favorably to開始喜歡,迷上。
如:I took to literature long time ago .我很久以前就迷上文學(xué)。
Why did you take to bowling ?你為什么迷上保齡球?
16. trail off : become gradually weaker and fade away(聲音等)漸漸消失。
如:His voice trailed off into silence .他的聲音慢慢消失,后來什么聲音也沒有了。
Lesson Nine The Trouble with Television 1. A. prominent anchorman warns of TV‘s adverse effect on America’s culture . a. prominent: outstanding, easily seen, important, distinguished突出的,顯著的,重要的,杰出的。
如:a prominent position / writer 顯赫的地位、作家。
acquire / gain prominence 出人頭地。
b. anchorman:(廣播,電視)(新聞、體育等節(jié)目的)主持人。
c. adverse: unfavorable, contrary 不利的,負(fù)面的。
如:adverse circumstances 逆境; adverse effect 負(fù)面影響; a theory adverse to the facts 與事實(shí)相反的理論。
developments adverse to our interests 與我們的利益相反的發(fā)展。
adversary :(競爭中的)對手。
2. if you fit the statistical averages,……假若你處于平均數(shù)……
如;on an (the ) average平均起來,一般來說:On(an) the average, I finish reading a book three weeks .一般而言,我平均三星期讀完一本書。
He smoked about ten cigarettas a day on an average .他平均一天抽十根香煙。
3.(be) exposed to : lay open to使暴露于……
如:Don‘t expose children to ill effects of the Internet .不要讓孩子受因特網(wǎng)的負(fù)面影響。
Her youth and beauty could expose her to danger . 她的年輕美貌可能為她招致危險(xiǎn)。
如;exposure: n . He threatened me with public exposure .他威脅我要把我曝光。
Much exposure to different cultures is part and parcel of education . 大量接觸不同文化是教育的主要組成部分。
4.…… it discourages concentration . discourage(prevent ) sb. from ……使……放棄如;The bad weather discouraged them from going out for the picnic .惡劣的天氣使他們放棄外出野炊的計(jì)劃。
It is discouraging that ……很掃興,……。
dis 加在名詞、形容詞、動詞上,表示否定。
如;able - disable使殘廢; disasociation分離; discharge放電; discontinue中斷; disease疾?。ㄓ伞?不舒適” 轉(zhuǎn)危而來)
5. rewarding: affording satisfaction or valuable experience; affording material gain有價(jià)值的,有益的。
如:a rewarding experience(effort)有益的經(jīng)驗(yàn)(嘗試)。
6. applied effort :拚命努力apply oneself to努力進(jìn)行,致力于。
如:It‘s hard to apply yourself to some dull work . 無聊的工作很難專心致志地干。
He applied himself to serious studies . 他專心致志進(jìn)行嚴(yán)肅的研究。
7. The dullest, the least gifted of(最沒有天賦的)can achieve things that seem miraculous……
a. dull : slow - witted愚鈍的b. miraculous 奇跡般地,不可思議的。另如:work( accomplish )
a miracle 創(chuàng)造一個(gè)奇跡。
8. divert : turn in another direction使轉(zhuǎn)向; amuse, entertain娛樂,消遣。
如:Nothing could divert his attention from his book .沒有什么能轉(zhuǎn)移他讀書的注意力。
The traffic was diverted onto a side road . 交通被引導(dǎo)到旁邊的小路。
9. lead : action of guiding or giving an example 領(lǐng)引,率先。
如:take the lead ; follow sb‘s lead 效法某人; gain the lead占居首位。
10. perpetual : never-ending 永久的。如; perpetual chatter喋喋不休; perpetual motion永恒運(yùn)動。
11. usurp : to seize and hold by force or without legal right篡奪,霸占,強(qiáng)奪篡權(quán)。
如:The assistant began to usurp his boss‘s authority . 助手開始篡奪老板的權(quán)力。
The duke attempted to usurp the throne .公爵試圖篡奪王位。
12. surrender ( oneself) to : to give( oneself) up to some influence , course ,etc.沉溺于;沉迷于。
如:He surrendered to despair ( grief) .他沉溺于絕望(悲傷)。
He surrendered himself to a life of pleasure .他沉迷于享樂。
13.the surest way to do sth. is ……做某事的最可靠的方法是……
如:The surest way to succeed is to work hard.取得成功最可靠的方法是努力工作。
14. to strain the attention of strain : make excessive demands upon使勁用,因過度使用而傷害。
如:strain oneself竭盡全力,勞累過度。
He strained his voice to be heard above the noise 周圍太吵,他強(qiáng)拉嗓子大喊,人們才聽得見他。
He strained every muscle to life the box .他用盡所有力氣舉起箱子。
15. inherent in : existing as a permanent part or quality that cannot be taken out固有的,與生具有的。
如:A love of peace is inherent in human nature . 熱愛和平是人固有的本性。
16. …… had bequeathed to us tables of stone commanding that ……
a. bequeath : hand down, pass on傳給后代; to dispose of property or money by means of will 立遺囑贈與……
如:I bequeath all my worldly goods to my wife .我將我所有的財(cái)產(chǎn)贈與我的妻子。
One age bequeaths its civilization to the next .一個(gè)時(shí)代將其文明留給下一個(gè)時(shí)代。
b. tablets of stone 石碑。
17. package : vt. to combine or offer as a single unit 把作為整體提出或推銷。adj.一攬子。
如:a package tour由旅行社代辦一切的旅行;package deal整批交易。
18. pervade : become spread throughout all parts of彌漫如:The smell of coffee pervaded the air . 咖啡的氣味彌漫在空中。
Practical ideas pervaded the whole land . 整個(gè)國家彌漫著實(shí)際的思想。
19. it tends to make things ultimately boring and dismissable ……
a. ultimate : furthest or farthest 最遠(yuǎn)的。如: an ultimate destination最終目的地。
decisive, conclusive 決定性的。如: the ultimate authority 最終權(quán)威。 final, total總數(shù)。
如: the ultimate cost最終成本。
b. dismiss: put aside from consideration 驅(qū)除。
如:He dismissed the idea for it was just too impractical . 他排除了這個(gè)觀點(diǎn),因?yàn)槟翘缓蠈?shí)際了。
20. a substitute for……: a person or thing serving in place of another替代。
如:Guess work is no substitute for investigation . 猜測不能代替調(diào)查。
A substitute was sent in when one of the star players was injured . 一位主角受傷了,就派來了一位替身。
substitute for:代替。
如:Who will substitute for you if you are ill?如果你病了,誰替你?
21. ( come ) fall short of: to fail to reach a standard, level, etc. 沒達(dá)到,趕不上。
如:His income may fall short of his needs .他的收入達(dá)不到他的需求。
The result fell short of our expectations . 結(jié)果大失我們所望。
22. wholesale : in large amounts or on a large scale 大量地,不分青紅皂白地。
如:The company fired people wholesale last year .公司去年大規(guī)模裁員。
wholesale 批發(fā) - retail 零售。
如:A gust of wind swirled dust about the streets . 陣風(fēng)吹起灰塵彌漫大街。
The snow was swirling in the air .雪花在空中盤旋。
3.…… that would have peeled like a plum if snagged . peel : came off in stips or flakes剝落,脫皮。
如:The wall-paper seems to be peeling off .墻紙看來要剝落了。
4.let alone : without reference to , or considering 更不必說。
如; He doesn‘t have money for food , let alone amusements.他連吃飯的錢都沒有,更甭說娛樂了。
5.incessant : continual, often repeated :不斷的,不停的。
如:incessant chatter 喋喋不休;incessant rain連綿不斷的雨。
6.It would be safe to say that……可以這么說……。
如; It would be safe to say that you would get nowhere if you are so lazy .可以這么說,如果你這樣懶惰,你將一事無成。
7.pick her way:慎行。
另如:pick one‘s words精選詞語;pick flaws找碴;pick and steal小偷小摸;pick and choose挑三揀四。
8.bear in mind: remember 記住。
如:Please bear in mind that we are friends . 請記住,我們是朋友。
9.infuse them with infuse : fill 灌輸。
如:The coach infused the team with enthusiasm .教練給隊(duì)員注入了熱情。
They tried to infuse them with new ideas .他試圖給他們灌輸新思路。
10.My imagination boggled at the punishment I would deserve ……
a. boggle : to overwhelm or bewilder , as with magnitude or complexity吃驚,受驚,心驚肉跳b. deserve: be worthy of ……值得11. it follows that ……(由……推斷)結(jié)果自然是…… .如:From what he said , it follows that he didn‘t like the girl .從他所說的推斷,自然是他不喜歡那女孩。
12. That in those homely sayings was couched the collective wisdom of generations. a.根據(jù)上文* “that”可以理解為in that (即;因?yàn)椋?BR> b. that 后面是倒裝句,正常語序應(yīng)為:The collective…… was couched in those homely sayings. c. homely: simple , unpretentious; commonly known , familiar 樸素的,不華麗的。
如:a homely meal 家常便飯。
d. couch: put( a thought, etc, in words )以某種措詞表達(dá)。
如:They couched criticisms in factful language . 他們用事實(shí)的語言表達(dá)了批評。
13. search…… for the enchantment……: look through a place carefully in order to find something missing; explore or examine in order to discover仔細(xì)尋找。
一般結(jié)構(gòu)為:search + place +(for ) object . 如:He search every drawer for the notebook。 為了找筆記本,他搜遍了每個(gè)抽屜。
I search my memory for his name . 我努力在記憶中尋找他的名字。
14. singled …… out: pick or choose (one ) from others單單挑出。
如:He singled me out for special mention . 他單單特別提到了我。
Why single him out for criticism?為什么就單單批評他?
15. take to : to respond favorably to開始喜歡,迷上。
如:I took to literature long time ago .我很久以前就迷上文學(xué)。
Why did you take to bowling ?你為什么迷上保齡球?
16. trail off : become gradually weaker and fade away(聲音等)漸漸消失。
如:His voice trailed off into silence .他的聲音慢慢消失,后來什么聲音也沒有了。
Lesson Nine The Trouble with Television 1. A. prominent anchorman warns of TV‘s adverse effect on America’s culture . a. prominent: outstanding, easily seen, important, distinguished突出的,顯著的,重要的,杰出的。
如:a prominent position / writer 顯赫的地位、作家。
acquire / gain prominence 出人頭地。
b. anchorman:(廣播,電視)(新聞、體育等節(jié)目的)主持人。
c. adverse: unfavorable, contrary 不利的,負(fù)面的。
如:adverse circumstances 逆境; adverse effect 負(fù)面影響; a theory adverse to the facts 與事實(shí)相反的理論。
developments adverse to our interests 與我們的利益相反的發(fā)展。
adversary :(競爭中的)對手。
2. if you fit the statistical averages,……假若你處于平均數(shù)……
如;on an (the ) average平均起來,一般來說:On(an) the average, I finish reading a book three weeks .一般而言,我平均三星期讀完一本書。
He smoked about ten cigarettas a day on an average .他平均一天抽十根香煙。
3.(be) exposed to : lay open to使暴露于……
如:Don‘t expose children to ill effects of the Internet .不要讓孩子受因特網(wǎng)的負(fù)面影響。
Her youth and beauty could expose her to danger . 她的年輕美貌可能為她招致危險(xiǎn)。
如;exposure: n . He threatened me with public exposure .他威脅我要把我曝光。
Much exposure to different cultures is part and parcel of education . 大量接觸不同文化是教育的主要組成部分。
4.…… it discourages concentration . discourage(prevent ) sb. from ……使……放棄如;The bad weather discouraged them from going out for the picnic .惡劣的天氣使他們放棄外出野炊的計(jì)劃。
It is discouraging that ……很掃興,……。
dis 加在名詞、形容詞、動詞上,表示否定。
如;able - disable使殘廢; disasociation分離; discharge放電; discontinue中斷; disease疾?。ㄓ伞?不舒適” 轉(zhuǎn)危而來)
5. rewarding: affording satisfaction or valuable experience; affording material gain有價(jià)值的,有益的。
如:a rewarding experience(effort)有益的經(jīng)驗(yàn)(嘗試)。
6. applied effort :拚命努力apply oneself to努力進(jìn)行,致力于。
如:It‘s hard to apply yourself to some dull work . 無聊的工作很難專心致志地干。
He applied himself to serious studies . 他專心致志進(jìn)行嚴(yán)肅的研究。
7. The dullest, the least gifted of(最沒有天賦的)can achieve things that seem miraculous……
a. dull : slow - witted愚鈍的b. miraculous 奇跡般地,不可思議的。另如:work( accomplish )
a miracle 創(chuàng)造一個(gè)奇跡。
8. divert : turn in another direction使轉(zhuǎn)向; amuse, entertain娛樂,消遣。
如:Nothing could divert his attention from his book .沒有什么能轉(zhuǎn)移他讀書的注意力。
The traffic was diverted onto a side road . 交通被引導(dǎo)到旁邊的小路。
9. lead : action of guiding or giving an example 領(lǐng)引,率先。
如:take the lead ; follow sb‘s lead 效法某人; gain the lead占居首位。
10. perpetual : never-ending 永久的。如; perpetual chatter喋喋不休; perpetual motion永恒運(yùn)動。
11. usurp : to seize and hold by force or without legal right篡奪,霸占,強(qiáng)奪篡權(quán)。
如:The assistant began to usurp his boss‘s authority . 助手開始篡奪老板的權(quán)力。
The duke attempted to usurp the throne .公爵試圖篡奪王位。
12. surrender ( oneself) to : to give( oneself) up to some influence , course ,etc.沉溺于;沉迷于。
如:He surrendered to despair ( grief) .他沉溺于絕望(悲傷)。
He surrendered himself to a life of pleasure .他沉迷于享樂。
13.the surest way to do sth. is ……做某事的最可靠的方法是……
如:The surest way to succeed is to work hard.取得成功最可靠的方法是努力工作。
14. to strain the attention of strain : make excessive demands upon使勁用,因過度使用而傷害。
如:strain oneself竭盡全力,勞累過度。
He strained his voice to be heard above the noise 周圍太吵,他強(qiáng)拉嗓子大喊,人們才聽得見他。
He strained every muscle to life the box .他用盡所有力氣舉起箱子。
15. inherent in : existing as a permanent part or quality that cannot be taken out固有的,與生具有的。
如:A love of peace is inherent in human nature . 熱愛和平是人固有的本性。
16. …… had bequeathed to us tables of stone commanding that ……
a. bequeath : hand down, pass on傳給后代; to dispose of property or money by means of will 立遺囑贈與……
如:I bequeath all my worldly goods to my wife .我將我所有的財(cái)產(chǎn)贈與我的妻子。
One age bequeaths its civilization to the next .一個(gè)時(shí)代將其文明留給下一個(gè)時(shí)代。
b. tablets of stone 石碑。
17. package : vt. to combine or offer as a single unit 把作為整體提出或推銷。adj.一攬子。
如:a package tour由旅行社代辦一切的旅行;package deal整批交易。
18. pervade : become spread throughout all parts of彌漫如:The smell of coffee pervaded the air . 咖啡的氣味彌漫在空中。
Practical ideas pervaded the whole land . 整個(gè)國家彌漫著實(shí)際的思想。
19. it tends to make things ultimately boring and dismissable ……
a. ultimate : furthest or farthest 最遠(yuǎn)的。如: an ultimate destination最終目的地。
decisive, conclusive 決定性的。如: the ultimate authority 最終權(quán)威。 final, total總數(shù)。
如: the ultimate cost最終成本。
b. dismiss: put aside from consideration 驅(qū)除。
如:He dismissed the idea for it was just too impractical . 他排除了這個(gè)觀點(diǎn),因?yàn)槟翘缓蠈?shí)際了。
20. a substitute for……: a person or thing serving in place of another替代。
如:Guess work is no substitute for investigation . 猜測不能代替調(diào)查。
A substitute was sent in when one of the star players was injured . 一位主角受傷了,就派來了一位替身。
substitute for:代替。
如:Who will substitute for you if you are ill?如果你病了,誰替你?
21. ( come ) fall short of: to fail to reach a standard, level, etc. 沒達(dá)到,趕不上。
如:His income may fall short of his needs .他的收入達(dá)不到他的需求。
The result fell short of our expectations . 結(jié)果大失我們所望。
22. wholesale : in large amounts or on a large scale 大量地,不分青紅皂白地。
如:The company fired people wholesale last year .公司去年大規(guī)模裁員。
wholesale 批發(fā) - retail 零售。