Lesson Nine
The Trouble with Television
1. A. prominent anchorman warns of TV‘s adverse effect on America’s culture .
a. prominent : outstanding , easily seen , important , distinguished 突出的,顯著的,重要的,杰出的。
如:a prominent position / writer顯赫的地位、作家。
acquire / gain prominence 出人頭地。
b. anchorman : (廣播,電視)(新聞、體育等節(jié)目的)主持人。
c. adverse : unfavorable , contrary 不利的,負(fù)面的。
如:adverse circumstances逆境; adverse effect負(fù)面影響; a theory adverse to the facts與事實(shí)相反的理論。
developments adverse to our interests與我們的利益相反的發(fā)展。
adversary :(競爭中的)對手。
2. if you fit the statistical averages , ……假若你處于平均數(shù)……
如;on an (the) average 平均起來,一般來說:
On (an) the average , I finish reading a book three weeks .一般而言,我平均三星期讀完一本書。
He smoked about ten cigarettas a day on an average . 他平均一天抽十根香煙。
3. (be) exposed to : lay open to 使暴露于……
如:Don‘t expose children to ill effects of the Internet .不要讓孩子受因特網(wǎng)的負(fù)面影響。
Her youth and beauty could expose her to danger .她的年輕美貌可能為她招致危險。
如;exposure : n .
He threatened me with public exposure .他威脅我要把我曝光。
Much exposure to different cultures is part and parcel of education .大量接觸不同文化是教育的主要組成部分。
4. …… it discourages concentration .
discourage (prevent) sb. from ……使……放棄
如;The bad weather discouraged them from going out for the picnic .惡劣的天氣使他們放棄外出野炊的計劃。
It is discouraging that ……很掃興,……。
dis 加在名詞、形容詞、動詞上,表示否定。
如;able - disable使殘廢; disasociation分離; discharge放電; discontinue中斷; disease疾病(由“不舒適”轉(zhuǎn)危而來)
5. rewarding : affording satisfaction or valuable experience ; affording material gain有價值的,有益的。
如:a rewarding experience (effort)有益的經(jīng)驗(yàn)(嘗試)。
6. applied effort :拚命努力
apply oneself to 努力進(jìn)行,致力于。
如:It‘s hard to apply yourself to some dull work .無聊的工作很難專心致志地干。
He applied himself to serious studies .他專心致志進(jìn)行嚴(yán)肅的研究。
7. The dullest , the least gifted of (最沒有天賦的)can achieve things that seem miraculous ……
a. dull : slow - witted 愚鈍的
b. miraculous 奇跡般地,不可思議的。另如:work ( accomplish ) a miracle創(chuàng)造一個奇跡。
8. divert : turn in another direction使轉(zhuǎn)向; amuse , entertain娛樂,消遣。
如:Nothing could divert his attention from his book .沒有什么能轉(zhuǎn)移他讀書的注意力。
The traffic was diverted onto a side road . 交通被引導(dǎo)到旁邊的小路。
9. lead : action of guiding or giving an example 領(lǐng)引,率先。
如:take the lead; follow sb‘s lead效法某人; gain the lead占居首位。
10. perpetual : never-ending永久的。如; perpetual chatter喋喋不休; perpetual motion 永恒運(yùn)動。
11. usurp : to seize and hold by force or without legal right 篡奪,霸占,強(qiáng)奪篡權(quán)。
如:The assistant began to usurp his boss‘s authority .助手開始篡奪老板的權(quán)力。
The duke attempted to usurp the throne . 公爵試圖篡奪王位。
12. surrender ( oneself ) to : to give ( oneself ) up to some influence , course , etc.沉溺于;沉迷于。
如:He surrendered to despair ( grief ) .他沉溺于絕望(悲傷)。
He surrendered himself to a life of pleasure . 他沉迷于享樂。
13.the surest way to do sth. is ……做某事的最可靠的方法是……
如:The surest way to succeed is to work hard.取得成功最可靠的方法是努力工作。
14. to strain the attention of
strain : make excessive demands upon使勁用,因過度使用而傷害。
如:strain oneself竭盡全力,勞累過度。
He strained his voice to be heard above the noise周圍太吵,他強(qiáng)拉嗓子大喊,人們才聽得見他。
He strained every muscle to life the box . 他用盡所有力氣舉起箱子。
15. inherent in : existing as a permanent part or quality that cannot be taken out固有的,與生具有的。
如:A love of peace is inherent in human nature .熱愛和平是人固有的本性。
16. …… had bequeathed to us tables of stone commanding that ……
a. bequeath : hand down , pass on傳給后代; to dispose of property or money by means of will立遺囑贈與……
如:I bequeath all my worldly goods to my wife .我將我所有的財產(chǎn)贈與我的妻子。
One age bequeaths its civilization to the next . 一個時代將其文明留給下一個時代。
b. tablets of stone 石碑。
17. package : vt. to combine or offer as a single unit 把作為整體提出或推銷。adj. 一攬子。
如:a package tour由旅行社代辦一切的旅行;
package deal 整批交易。
18. pervade : become spread throughout all parts of彌漫
如:The smell of coffee pervaded the air .咖啡的氣味彌漫在空中。
Practical ideas pervaded the whole land . 整個國家彌漫著實(shí)際的思想。
19. it tends to make things ultimately boring and dismissable ……
a. ultimate : furthest or farthest最遠(yuǎn)的。如: an ultimate destination最終目的地。 decisive , conclusive決定性的。如: the ultimate authority最終權(quán)威。 final , total總數(shù)。如: the ultimate cost 最終成本。
b. dismiss : put aside from consideration 驅(qū)除。
如:He dismissed the idea for it was just too impractical .他排除了這個觀點(diǎn),因?yàn)槟翘缓蠈?shí)際了。
20. a substitute for …… : a person or thing serving in place of another 替代。
如:Guess work is no substitute for investigation .猜測不能代替調(diào)查。
A substitute was sent in when one of the star players was injured . 一位主角受傷了,就派來了一位替身。
substitute for :代替。
如:Who will substitute for you if you are ill ? 如果你病了,誰替你?
21. ( come ) fall short of : to fail to reach a standard , level , etc. 沒達(dá)到,趕不上。
如:His income may fall short of his needs .他的收入達(dá)不到他的需求。
The result fell short of our expectations . 結(jié)果大失我們所望。
22. wholesale : in large amounts or on a large scale 大量地,不分青紅皂白地。
如:The company fired people wholesale last year .公司去年大規(guī)模裁員。
wholesale批發(fā) - retail零售。
The Trouble with Television
1. A. prominent anchorman warns of TV‘s adverse effect on America’s culture .
a. prominent : outstanding , easily seen , important , distinguished 突出的,顯著的,重要的,杰出的。
如:a prominent position / writer顯赫的地位、作家。
acquire / gain prominence 出人頭地。
b. anchorman : (廣播,電視)(新聞、體育等節(jié)目的)主持人。
c. adverse : unfavorable , contrary 不利的,負(fù)面的。
如:adverse circumstances逆境; adverse effect負(fù)面影響; a theory adverse to the facts與事實(shí)相反的理論。
developments adverse to our interests與我們的利益相反的發(fā)展。
adversary :(競爭中的)對手。
2. if you fit the statistical averages , ……假若你處于平均數(shù)……
如;on an (the) average 平均起來,一般來說:
On (an) the average , I finish reading a book three weeks .一般而言,我平均三星期讀完一本書。
He smoked about ten cigarettas a day on an average . 他平均一天抽十根香煙。
3. (be) exposed to : lay open to 使暴露于……
如:Don‘t expose children to ill effects of the Internet .不要讓孩子受因特網(wǎng)的負(fù)面影響。
Her youth and beauty could expose her to danger .她的年輕美貌可能為她招致危險。
如;exposure : n .
He threatened me with public exposure .他威脅我要把我曝光。
Much exposure to different cultures is part and parcel of education .大量接觸不同文化是教育的主要組成部分。
4. …… it discourages concentration .
discourage (prevent) sb. from ……使……放棄
如;The bad weather discouraged them from going out for the picnic .惡劣的天氣使他們放棄外出野炊的計劃。
It is discouraging that ……很掃興,……。
dis 加在名詞、形容詞、動詞上,表示否定。
如;able - disable使殘廢; disasociation分離; discharge放電; discontinue中斷; disease疾病(由“不舒適”轉(zhuǎn)危而來)
5. rewarding : affording satisfaction or valuable experience ; affording material gain有價值的,有益的。
如:a rewarding experience (effort)有益的經(jīng)驗(yàn)(嘗試)。
6. applied effort :拚命努力
apply oneself to 努力進(jìn)行,致力于。
如:It‘s hard to apply yourself to some dull work .無聊的工作很難專心致志地干。
He applied himself to serious studies .他專心致志進(jìn)行嚴(yán)肅的研究。
7. The dullest , the least gifted of (最沒有天賦的)can achieve things that seem miraculous ……
a. dull : slow - witted 愚鈍的
b. miraculous 奇跡般地,不可思議的。另如:work ( accomplish ) a miracle創(chuàng)造一個奇跡。
8. divert : turn in another direction使轉(zhuǎn)向; amuse , entertain娛樂,消遣。
如:Nothing could divert his attention from his book .沒有什么能轉(zhuǎn)移他讀書的注意力。
The traffic was diverted onto a side road . 交通被引導(dǎo)到旁邊的小路。
9. lead : action of guiding or giving an example 領(lǐng)引,率先。
如:take the lead; follow sb‘s lead效法某人; gain the lead占居首位。
10. perpetual : never-ending永久的。如; perpetual chatter喋喋不休; perpetual motion 永恒運(yùn)動。
11. usurp : to seize and hold by force or without legal right 篡奪,霸占,強(qiáng)奪篡權(quán)。
如:The assistant began to usurp his boss‘s authority .助手開始篡奪老板的權(quán)力。
The duke attempted to usurp the throne . 公爵試圖篡奪王位。
12. surrender ( oneself ) to : to give ( oneself ) up to some influence , course , etc.沉溺于;沉迷于。
如:He surrendered to despair ( grief ) .他沉溺于絕望(悲傷)。
He surrendered himself to a life of pleasure . 他沉迷于享樂。
13.the surest way to do sth. is ……做某事的最可靠的方法是……
如:The surest way to succeed is to work hard.取得成功最可靠的方法是努力工作。
14. to strain the attention of
strain : make excessive demands upon使勁用,因過度使用而傷害。
如:strain oneself竭盡全力,勞累過度。
He strained his voice to be heard above the noise周圍太吵,他強(qiáng)拉嗓子大喊,人們才聽得見他。
He strained every muscle to life the box . 他用盡所有力氣舉起箱子。
15. inherent in : existing as a permanent part or quality that cannot be taken out固有的,與生具有的。
如:A love of peace is inherent in human nature .熱愛和平是人固有的本性。
16. …… had bequeathed to us tables of stone commanding that ……
a. bequeath : hand down , pass on傳給后代; to dispose of property or money by means of will立遺囑贈與……
如:I bequeath all my worldly goods to my wife .我將我所有的財產(chǎn)贈與我的妻子。
One age bequeaths its civilization to the next . 一個時代將其文明留給下一個時代。
b. tablets of stone 石碑。
17. package : vt. to combine or offer as a single unit 把作為整體提出或推銷。adj. 一攬子。
如:a package tour由旅行社代辦一切的旅行;
package deal 整批交易。
18. pervade : become spread throughout all parts of彌漫
如:The smell of coffee pervaded the air .咖啡的氣味彌漫在空中。
Practical ideas pervaded the whole land . 整個國家彌漫著實(shí)際的思想。
19. it tends to make things ultimately boring and dismissable ……
a. ultimate : furthest or farthest最遠(yuǎn)的。如: an ultimate destination最終目的地。 decisive , conclusive決定性的。如: the ultimate authority最終權(quán)威。 final , total總數(shù)。如: the ultimate cost 最終成本。
b. dismiss : put aside from consideration 驅(qū)除。
如:He dismissed the idea for it was just too impractical .他排除了這個觀點(diǎn),因?yàn)槟翘缓蠈?shí)際了。
20. a substitute for …… : a person or thing serving in place of another 替代。
如:Guess work is no substitute for investigation .猜測不能代替調(diào)查。
A substitute was sent in when one of the star players was injured . 一位主角受傷了,就派來了一位替身。
substitute for :代替。
如:Who will substitute for you if you are ill ? 如果你病了,誰替你?
21. ( come ) fall short of : to fail to reach a standard , level , etc. 沒達(dá)到,趕不上。
如:His income may fall short of his needs .他的收入達(dá)不到他的需求。
The result fell short of our expectations . 結(jié)果大失我們所望。
22. wholesale : in large amounts or on a large scale 大量地,不分青紅皂白地。
如:The company fired people wholesale last year .公司去年大規(guī)模裁員。
wholesale批發(fā) - retail零售。