Prolonging human life has decreased the dependency load. In all societies ___1___
people are disable or too young or too old to work are dependent on the ___2___
rest of society to provide them. In hunting and gathering cultures old people ___3___
who could keep up might be left behind and die. In times of famine infants ___4___
might be allowed to die because they could not survive when their parents
starved; whereas when their parents survived they could have another child.
In most contemporary societies people feel it a obligation to keep people
live whether or not they can work. There are a great many people who live ___5___
the past age in which they want to work or are able to work; there are rules ___6___
that require people to retire at a certain age. If these people are able to save ___7___
money from their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the Unite
states many people live on social security checks, which are so considerable ___8___
that they must live in near poverty.
Elder people are more liable to become ill than young or middle-aged people; ___9___
therefore they are wealthy or provided with private or government insurance, ___10___
they must often “go on welfare” if they fall seriously ill.
答案及解析:
1. decreased -> increased
根據(jù)下文提示，退休的老年人由工作的壯年人為其提供生活補(bǔ)助，可知此處地意思是“人類壽命的延長(zhǎng)會(huì)增加社會(huì)負(fù)擔(dān)”，所以此處應(yīng)該用increased。
2. people后加who或that
分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，此句出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（系動(dòng)詞）are，故有一個(gè)必是從句。根據(jù)句子的主干可知，前部分are disable or too young or too old to work應(yīng)該是定語(yǔ)從句，且缺少了引導(dǎo)詞，又因?yàn)橄刃性~是people，故加上相應(yīng)的引導(dǎo)詞that或who。
3. provide后加for
此處從句的意思是“沒(méi)有工作能力的人由有工作能力的人來(lái)養(yǎng)活”。provide for sb是“養(yǎng)活某人”的意思。
4. could后加not
根據(jù)上下文理解，此處的意思應(yīng)該是“老年人跟不上時(shí)代步伐，將被棄之不管或死去”。故要在could后加not。
5. live -> alive
這里是詞組keep sb alive。
6. in -> at
此處的意思是“今天還有很多人超過(guò)了能夠工作的年齡…..”。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是age，復(fù)原后的詞組是at the age。故用at which。
7. If -> Unless
意思是“除非人們能位退休后的生活存錢，否則必須由別人來(lái)養(yǎng)活他們”。
8. considerable -> little
根據(jù)上下文的理解，在美國(guó)，許多人靠社會(huì)救濟(jì)生存，這筆錢很少，以至于人們生活在貧困的邊緣。
9. Elder -> Older
elder意為“年齡較長(zhǎng)的；資格老的，地位高的”，older意為“上年紀(jì)的”。此處指的是老年人，故用older。
10. therefore -> unless
意思是“除非他們富有或有政府或私人的保險(xiǎn)，否則生病時(shí)只能依靠救濟(jì)金”。故將therefore改為unless。
people are disable or too young or too old to work are dependent on the ___2___
rest of society to provide them. In hunting and gathering cultures old people ___3___
who could keep up might be left behind and die. In times of famine infants ___4___
might be allowed to die because they could not survive when their parents
starved; whereas when their parents survived they could have another child.
In most contemporary societies people feel it a obligation to keep people
live whether or not they can work. There are a great many people who live ___5___
the past age in which they want to work or are able to work; there are rules ___6___
that require people to retire at a certain age. If these people are able to save ___7___
money from their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the Unite
states many people live on social security checks, which are so considerable ___8___
that they must live in near poverty.
Elder people are more liable to become ill than young or middle-aged people; ___9___
therefore they are wealthy or provided with private or government insurance, ___10___
they must often “go on welfare” if they fall seriously ill.
答案及解析:
1. decreased -> increased
根據(jù)下文提示，退休的老年人由工作的壯年人為其提供生活補(bǔ)助，可知此處地意思是“人類壽命的延長(zhǎng)會(huì)增加社會(huì)負(fù)擔(dān)”，所以此處應(yīng)該用increased。
2. people后加who或that
分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，此句出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（系動(dòng)詞）are，故有一個(gè)必是從句。根據(jù)句子的主干可知，前部分are disable or too young or too old to work應(yīng)該是定語(yǔ)從句，且缺少了引導(dǎo)詞，又因?yàn)橄刃性~是people，故加上相應(yīng)的引導(dǎo)詞that或who。
3. provide后加for
此處從句的意思是“沒(méi)有工作能力的人由有工作能力的人來(lái)養(yǎng)活”。provide for sb是“養(yǎng)活某人”的意思。
4. could后加not
根據(jù)上下文理解，此處的意思應(yīng)該是“老年人跟不上時(shí)代步伐，將被棄之不管或死去”。故要在could后加not。
5. live -> alive
這里是詞組keep sb alive。
6. in -> at
此處的意思是“今天還有很多人超過(guò)了能夠工作的年齡…..”。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是age，復(fù)原后的詞組是at the age。故用at which。
7. If -> Unless
意思是“除非人們能位退休后的生活存錢，否則必須由別人來(lái)養(yǎng)活他們”。
8. considerable -> little
根據(jù)上下文的理解，在美國(guó)，許多人靠社會(huì)救濟(jì)生存，這筆錢很少，以至于人們生活在貧困的邊緣。
9. Elder -> Older
elder意為“年齡較長(zhǎng)的；資格老的，地位高的”，older意為“上年紀(jì)的”。此處指的是老年人，故用older。
10. therefore -> unless
意思是“除非他們富有或有政府或私人的保險(xiǎn)，否則生病時(shí)只能依靠救濟(jì)金”。故將therefore改為unless。