改錯(cuò)形式和做題規(guī)則
改錯(cuò)形式有以下三類：
1、錯(cuò)詞（words mistaken）。在標(biāo)有題號(hào)的一行中有一詞在詞法、搭配或詞義等方面有錯(cuò)誤，要
求考生找出錯(cuò)誤并換上正確的詞（change a word），這類錯(cuò)誤在所有錯(cuò)誤中占絕大多數(shù)。
2、缺詞（words missing）。在標(biāo)有題號(hào)的一行的任何位置缺了一詞，要求考生按語(yǔ)法、搭配或上
下文語(yǔ)義的需要找出缺詞的位置并補(bǔ)上所缺的詞（insert a word）。
3、多詞（words redundant）。在標(biāo)有題號(hào)的一行中有一詞按語(yǔ)法、搭配或上下文語(yǔ)義要求純屬多
余，要求考生認(rèn)定該多余的詞并劃去（cross out a word）。
做題示例
短文共有10 處錯(cuò)誤，但究竟哪一行多一詞，哪一行缺一詞或錯(cuò)一詞，則沒(méi)有任何規(guī)律和標(biāo)記。歷年
考題的統(tǒng)計(jì)資料表明，絕大多數(shù)改錯(cuò)設(shè)計(jì)為錯(cuò)詞一類。其主要原因除了命題因素外，更由于這類錯(cuò)誤形式
難度較大，并更能考查考生的實(shí)際語(yǔ)言駕馭能力。
改錯(cuò)規(guī)則：不論是錯(cuò)詞，缺詞或多詞，考生在改錯(cuò)時(shí)只能動(dòng)一個(gè)詞。除了掌握一些應(yīng)試技巧外，考生
應(yīng)在自身語(yǔ)言基本功，尤其是語(yǔ)言的準(zhǔn)確使用方面提高自己。具體來(lái)看，改錯(cuò)題的主要錯(cuò)誤類型有主謂不
一致、時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤、連接詞誤用、形容詞與副詞錯(cuò)誤、反義詞誤用、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤、關(guān)系代詞錯(cuò)誤、
介詞錯(cuò)誤、缺漏和贅述、句子結(jié)構(gòu)等等。
模擬訓(xùn)練（二）
The European Union had approved a number of
genetically modified crops until late 1998. But growing
public concern over its supposed environmental and health ___1___
risks led several EU countries to demand a moratorium（暫
時(shí)禁止）on imports of any new GM produce. By late 1999
there were enough such country to block any approvals ___2___
of GM produce. Last year, America filed a complaint at the
WTO about the moratorium, argue that it was an illegal ___3___
trade barrier because there was no scientific base for it. ___4___
As more studies have been completed on the effects of
GM crops, the greens’ case against them has weakened.
Much evidence has emerged of health risks from eating them. ___5___
And, overall, the studies have shown that the environmental
effects on modified crops are not always as serious as the ___6___
greens claim.. Nevertheless, environmentalists continue to find
fault of such studies and argue that they are inconclusive. ___7___
While Americans seem to be happy enough consume ___8___
food made from GM crops, opinion polls continue to show
that European consumers dislike the idea. Europeans seem to
be taking the attitude which, since there remains the slightest ___9___
possibility of adverse consequences and since it is clear how ___10___
they, as consumers, benefit from GM crops, they would rather
not run the risk.
答案及解析:
1. its -> their
此處的代詞指代的是前面的genetically modified crops（轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)作物）為復(fù)數(shù)，所以要改為their。
2. country -> countries
such country是指前面要求暫停進(jìn)口轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的一些歐盟國(guó)家，是復(fù)數(shù)，所以要改為countries。
3. argue -> arguing
整句話的謂語(yǔ)是上行的filed。在英語(yǔ)里，一個(gè)句子不能在沒(méi)有連詞的情況下有多個(gè)謂語(yǔ)，所以此處要將argue改為arguing，用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)
4. base -> basis
Base意為“基礎(chǔ)，基地”，basis (for) 意為“基礎(chǔ)，根據(jù)”，原句表達(dá)“科學(xué)根據(jù)”只能為scientific basis，而scientific base意為“科學(xué)基地”。此處還應(yīng)該注意不能受base on（基于）這個(gè)短語(yǔ)的影響而將for改為on。
5. Much -> Little
根據(jù)后一句the studies have shown that the environmental effects of modified crops are not always as serious as the greens claim可知，并沒(méi)有什么證據(jù)表明吃轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)作物有損健康，所以要把Much改為L(zhǎng)ittle。
6. on -> of
本句的意思是：“研究表明，改良后的農(nóng)作物對(duì)環(huán)境造成的后果并沒(méi)有像環(huán)保主義者所稱的那樣嚴(yán)重。”effect on意為“對(duì)…有影響”，effect of意為“….的后果（影響）”，所以應(yīng)該將on改為of。
7. of -> with
find fault with是固定搭配，意為“批評(píng)，挑剔，對(duì)…吹毛求疵”。
8. consume前加to
此處是be happy to do，意為“很高興做…，很滿意做…”。
9. which -> that
這里take the attitude that…是同位語(yǔ)從句，中間since there……from GM crops是插入成分，真正的的同位語(yǔ)句子是后面的they would rather not run the risk.
10. clear -> unclear或clear前加not
since 前面的and表示前后語(yǔ)意一致，本句要表達(dá)的意思是：“因?yàn)闅W洲人覺(jué)得仍存在使用轉(zhuǎn)基因食物的不良后果，且作為消費(fèi)者，他們?nèi)绾螐霓D(zhuǎn)基因食物中獲利也不清楚，所以他們不愿意冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
改錯(cuò)形式有以下三類：
1、錯(cuò)詞（words mistaken）。在標(biāo)有題號(hào)的一行中有一詞在詞法、搭配或詞義等方面有錯(cuò)誤，要
求考生找出錯(cuò)誤并換上正確的詞（change a word），這類錯(cuò)誤在所有錯(cuò)誤中占絕大多數(shù)。
2、缺詞（words missing）。在標(biāo)有題號(hào)的一行的任何位置缺了一詞，要求考生按語(yǔ)法、搭配或上
下文語(yǔ)義的需要找出缺詞的位置并補(bǔ)上所缺的詞（insert a word）。
3、多詞（words redundant）。在標(biāo)有題號(hào)的一行中有一詞按語(yǔ)法、搭配或上下文語(yǔ)義要求純屬多
余，要求考生認(rèn)定該多余的詞并劃去（cross out a word）。
做題示例
短文共有10 處錯(cuò)誤，但究竟哪一行多一詞，哪一行缺一詞或錯(cuò)一詞，則沒(méi)有任何規(guī)律和標(biāo)記。歷年
考題的統(tǒng)計(jì)資料表明，絕大多數(shù)改錯(cuò)設(shè)計(jì)為錯(cuò)詞一類。其主要原因除了命題因素外，更由于這類錯(cuò)誤形式
難度較大，并更能考查考生的實(shí)際語(yǔ)言駕馭能力。
改錯(cuò)規(guī)則：不論是錯(cuò)詞，缺詞或多詞，考生在改錯(cuò)時(shí)只能動(dòng)一個(gè)詞。除了掌握一些應(yīng)試技巧外，考生
應(yīng)在自身語(yǔ)言基本功，尤其是語(yǔ)言的準(zhǔn)確使用方面提高自己。具體來(lái)看，改錯(cuò)題的主要錯(cuò)誤類型有主謂不
一致、時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤、連接詞誤用、形容詞與副詞錯(cuò)誤、反義詞誤用、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤、關(guān)系代詞錯(cuò)誤、
介詞錯(cuò)誤、缺漏和贅述、句子結(jié)構(gòu)等等。
模擬訓(xùn)練（二）
The European Union had approved a number of
genetically modified crops until late 1998. But growing
public concern over its supposed environmental and health ___1___
risks led several EU countries to demand a moratorium（暫
時(shí)禁止）on imports of any new GM produce. By late 1999
there were enough such country to block any approvals ___2___
of GM produce. Last year, America filed a complaint at the
WTO about the moratorium, argue that it was an illegal ___3___
trade barrier because there was no scientific base for it. ___4___
As more studies have been completed on the effects of
GM crops, the greens’ case against them has weakened.
Much evidence has emerged of health risks from eating them. ___5___
And, overall, the studies have shown that the environmental
effects on modified crops are not always as serious as the ___6___
greens claim.. Nevertheless, environmentalists continue to find
fault of such studies and argue that they are inconclusive. ___7___
While Americans seem to be happy enough consume ___8___
food made from GM crops, opinion polls continue to show
that European consumers dislike the idea. Europeans seem to
be taking the attitude which, since there remains the slightest ___9___
possibility of adverse consequences and since it is clear how ___10___
they, as consumers, benefit from GM crops, they would rather
not run the risk.
答案及解析:
1. its -> their
此處的代詞指代的是前面的genetically modified crops（轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)作物）為復(fù)數(shù)，所以要改為their。
2. country -> countries
such country是指前面要求暫停進(jìn)口轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的一些歐盟國(guó)家，是復(fù)數(shù)，所以要改為countries。
3. argue -> arguing
整句話的謂語(yǔ)是上行的filed。在英語(yǔ)里，一個(gè)句子不能在沒(méi)有連詞的情況下有多個(gè)謂語(yǔ)，所以此處要將argue改為arguing，用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)
4. base -> basis
Base意為“基礎(chǔ)，基地”，basis (for) 意為“基礎(chǔ)，根據(jù)”，原句表達(dá)“科學(xué)根據(jù)”只能為scientific basis，而scientific base意為“科學(xué)基地”。此處還應(yīng)該注意不能受base on（基于）這個(gè)短語(yǔ)的影響而將for改為on。
5. Much -> Little
根據(jù)后一句the studies have shown that the environmental effects of modified crops are not always as serious as the greens claim可知，并沒(méi)有什么證據(jù)表明吃轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)作物有損健康，所以要把Much改為L(zhǎng)ittle。
6. on -> of
本句的意思是：“研究表明，改良后的農(nóng)作物對(duì)環(huán)境造成的后果并沒(méi)有像環(huán)保主義者所稱的那樣嚴(yán)重。”effect on意為“對(duì)…有影響”，effect of意為“….的后果（影響）”，所以應(yīng)該將on改為of。
7. of -> with
find fault with是固定搭配，意為“批評(píng)，挑剔，對(duì)…吹毛求疵”。
8. consume前加to
此處是be happy to do，意為“很高興做…，很滿意做…”。
9. which -> that
這里take the attitude that…是同位語(yǔ)從句，中間since there……from GM crops是插入成分，真正的的同位語(yǔ)句子是后面的they would rather not run the risk.
10. clear -> unclear或clear前加not
since 前面的and表示前后語(yǔ)意一致，本句要表達(dá)的意思是：“因?yàn)闅W洲人覺(jué)得仍存在使用轉(zhuǎn)基因食物的不良后果，且作為消費(fèi)者，他們?nèi)绾螐霓D(zhuǎn)基因食物中獲利也不清楚，所以他們不愿意冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。