近幾年的高考《考試說明》中,關(guān)于高考英語書面表達(dá)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)第五檔(很好)中有這樣一段話:"應(yīng)用了較多的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯;語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面有些許錯(cuò)誤,但為盡力使用較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級(jí)詞匯所致。"這就是說,學(xué)生僅運(yùn)用基礎(chǔ)的詞匯和基本的句型,不能體現(xiàn)出較強(qiáng)的語言運(yùn)用能力,即使表達(dá)無語法錯(cuò)誤,也不能得高分;相反有些錯(cuò)誤,目的在有意識(shí)地使用復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級(jí)詞匯,也不扣分,仍屬于高檔次。高考把寫作要求提到了這樣一個(gè)高度,有利于反映學(xué)生的水平層次,有利于指導(dǎo)教學(xué)。原來"要點(diǎn)完整,語言無誤,行文連貫,表達(dá)清楚"的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)就落后了。
在平時(shí)的教學(xué)中,訓(xùn)練多的,學(xué)生們也習(xí)慣的是五種基本句型:①主語+謂語;②主語+謂語+賓語;③主語+謂語+間接賓語;④主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語;⑤主語+謂語+賓語+補(bǔ)足語。用這些句型組織的句子單一、無生氣,不能給人一種含金量高的審美享受。客觀形勢(shì)對(duì)我們提出了高難度的要求,我們?cè)鯓硬拍軐?duì)書面表達(dá)進(jìn)行科學(xué)的操作?怎樣才能控制寫作呢?本文擬就這一課題進(jìn)行討論,希望能給學(xué)生以啟迪,調(diào)動(dòng)積極性,開拓思維,培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新精神。
首先,在整篇文章中,避免只使用一兩個(gè)句型,要靈活運(yùn)用各種語法結(jié)構(gòu),使文章有聲有色。
一、改變時(shí)態(tài)
例:The bell is ringing now.(一般)
There goes the bell! (高級(jí))
二、改變語態(tài)
例:People suggest that the conference be put off.(一般)
It is suggested that the conference be put off. (高級(jí))
三、使用不定式
例:He is so kind that he can help me.(一般)
He is so kind as to help me.(高級(jí))
四、使用過去分詞
例:①She walked out of the lab and many students followed her.(一般)
Followed by many students, she walked out of the lab.(高級(jí))
②Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten.(一般)
Once seen, it can never be forgotten.(高級(jí))
五、使用V-ing形式
例:①When he arrives, please give me an e-mail.(一般)
On arriving/his arrival, please give me an e-mail.(高級(jí))
②If the weather permits, I'll come tomorrow.(一般)
I'll come tomorrow, weather permitting.(高級(jí))
六、使用名詞性從句
例:①It disappointed everybody that he didn't turn up.(一般)
The fact that he didn't turn up disappointed everybody.(高級(jí))
②I happened to have met him.(一般)
It happened that I had met him.(高級(jí))
③To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.(一般)
What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things.(高級(jí))
七、使用定語從句
例:The girl is spoken highly of. Her composition was well written.(一般)
The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of.(高級(jí))
八、使用狀語從句
例:①I won't believe what he says.(一般)
No matter what he says, I won't believe.(高級(jí))
②If you come back before six o'clock, you can go out.(一般)
You can go out on condition that(provided that) you come back before six o'clock.(高級(jí))
③If she doesn't agree, what shall we do?(一般)
Supposing that she doesn't agree, what shall we do?(高級(jí))
九、使用虛擬語氣
在平時(shí)的教學(xué)中,訓(xùn)練多的,學(xué)生們也習(xí)慣的是五種基本句型:①主語+謂語;②主語+謂語+賓語;③主語+謂語+間接賓語;④主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語;⑤主語+謂語+賓語+補(bǔ)足語。用這些句型組織的句子單一、無生氣,不能給人一種含金量高的審美享受。客觀形勢(shì)對(duì)我們提出了高難度的要求,我們?cè)鯓硬拍軐?duì)書面表達(dá)進(jìn)行科學(xué)的操作?怎樣才能控制寫作呢?本文擬就這一課題進(jìn)行討論,希望能給學(xué)生以啟迪,調(diào)動(dòng)積極性,開拓思維,培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新精神。
首先,在整篇文章中,避免只使用一兩個(gè)句型,要靈活運(yùn)用各種語法結(jié)構(gòu),使文章有聲有色。
一、改變時(shí)態(tài)
例:The bell is ringing now.(一般)
There goes the bell! (高級(jí))
二、改變語態(tài)
例:People suggest that the conference be put off.(一般)
It is suggested that the conference be put off. (高級(jí))
三、使用不定式
例:He is so kind that he can help me.(一般)
He is so kind as to help me.(高級(jí))
四、使用過去分詞
例:①She walked out of the lab and many students followed her.(一般)
Followed by many students, she walked out of the lab.(高級(jí))
②Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten.(一般)
Once seen, it can never be forgotten.(高級(jí))
五、使用V-ing形式
例:①When he arrives, please give me an e-mail.(一般)
On arriving/his arrival, please give me an e-mail.(高級(jí))
②If the weather permits, I'll come tomorrow.(一般)
I'll come tomorrow, weather permitting.(高級(jí))
六、使用名詞性從句
例:①It disappointed everybody that he didn't turn up.(一般)
The fact that he didn't turn up disappointed everybody.(高級(jí))
②I happened to have met him.(一般)
It happened that I had met him.(高級(jí))
③To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.(一般)
What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things.(高級(jí))
七、使用定語從句
例:The girl is spoken highly of. Her composition was well written.(一般)
The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of.(高級(jí))
八、使用狀語從句
例:①I won't believe what he says.(一般)
No matter what he says, I won't believe.(高級(jí))
②If you come back before six o'clock, you can go out.(一般)
You can go out on condition that(provided that) you come back before six o'clock.(高級(jí))
③If she doesn't agree, what shall we do?(一般)
Supposing that she doesn't agree, what shall we do?(高級(jí))
九、使用虛擬語氣