備考英語四六級實用基礎(chǔ)知識重點:主謂一致

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     我在這里說的主謂一致并不是指單純的語法現(xiàn)象,而是在寫作中的具體應(yīng)用,這也是我為什么說是實用基礎(chǔ)知識的原因,大家都知道主謂一致的語法點很多,我在這里只總結(jié)了寫作中最常用的幾點:
    (1) 當單數(shù)名詞做主語后接with,together with,as well as,rather than等短語做定語時,謂語動詞形式不受定語的影響,也就是說無論定語中名詞或者代詞是單數(shù)還是復數(shù),謂語動詞只和主語保持一致,在寫作中可經(jīng)常用到這一點??聪旅孢@個例子:
    老師和同學們步行去那里。這句話怎么翻譯呢?我想很多人如果在寫作中想表達這個意思會翻譯成The teacher and his students are going there on foot.這樣的句子顯得有些單調(diào),如果應(yīng)用我們上面說的這個語言點時,可以說:The teacher together with his students is going there on foot.大家可以比較一下這2句話的差別,是不是第2個句子更有“檔次”些呢?但是如果第2個句子的謂語動詞is搞錯,不但提高不了分數(shù),反而弄巧成拙扣了很多分,這一點一定要注意。
    (2) 有些同學想增加文章的亮點,會嘗試使用一些名詞性從句或者非謂語動詞短語做主語,這種情況也要注意謂語動詞的準確使用。名詞性從句或者非謂語動詞短語做主語時往往表達一種抽象概念,謂語動詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式,看下面2句話:Driving cars is easy. To protect the fruits of our country victory is our sacred duty.
    (3) Neither nor,either or,not only but also等句型在寫作種也比較常用,這種句子中的謂語動詞應(yīng)該取決與主語中鄰近部分,看下面這個句子:Not only I but also Tom and Mary are fond of watching TV.
    (4) 在議論文寫作中會經(jīng)常遇到“大量許多”,很多同學只會用many much這種簡單的表達,我把它的短語表達方式總結(jié)一下供大家寫作時使用。
    第一組:A large amount of,large amounts of (只修飾不可數(shù)名詞)
    例句:A large amount of damage was done in a very short time.
    Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.
    第二組:A large number of,large numbers of
    第三組:A lot of,lots of
    第四組:A large quantity of,quantities of.
    第五組 many a ,more than one
    例句:Many a way has been tried.
    More than one example is necessary to make students understand
    this rule clearly.
    如果使用這組表達也要特別注意謂語動詞的形式,many a ,more than one做
    定語修飾主語的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時,雖然表示復數(shù)概念但是謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。
    大家在寫作中可以靈活運用這些表達,為自己的文章添彩!