實(shí)用英語(yǔ):關(guān)于實(shí)用英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)之工業(yè)

字號(hào):

1.“達(dá)到”怎么譯?
    “達(dá)到”可用reach或amount to,但amount to 表示幾個(gè)部分相加后得到的總和,和add up to,total,number的意思一樣。
    2.operation一詞的意思
    operation有“運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)”,“操作”,“工作”等意思,因此工廠“投入生產(chǎn)”,鐵路“開(kāi)始通車(chē)”,公司“開(kāi)始營(yíng)業(yè)”等都可能go into/step into/begin operation(s),如:
    the factory went into operation in1992.
    operation還有“經(jīng)營(yíng)”的意思,“經(jīng)營(yíng)機(jī)制”是operation mechanism,“經(jīng)營(yíng)自主”是autonomy in operation.“擴(kuò)大生產(chǎn)/經(jīng)營(yíng)”可用expand operation 表達(dá),如:
    The enterprise expanded its operation into an iron and steel complex.
    3.capacity一詞的意思
    capacity表示生產(chǎn)量,容量或運(yùn)載量,如:
    annual production capacity
    freighters with a total capacity of 100,000 tons
    capacity 也表示人的“能力”,“才干”,“本領(lǐng)”,如:
    not working to capacity意思是“本領(lǐng)沒(méi)有使出來(lái)”,“才干沒(méi)有完全發(fā)揮”。
    4.同義詞、近義詞辨析:
    1)factory, plant, works, mill, complex等:
    factory, plant, works, mill 都是工廠.
    factory 泛指一般工廠,如 food factory, tractor factory
    plant 多指電器業(yè)或機(jī)械制造業(yè),一般用于以下工廠:
    water power plant, machine-building plant, chemical plant。
    works 多用于鋼鐵等重工業(yè),如 iron and steel works, gas works, cement works。
    mill 原意是“磨坊”,現(xiàn)泛指“工廠”,多用于輕工業(yè),尤其是紡織工業(yè),如:
    cotton/textile/silk/woolen mill, lumber/saw mill, steel mill, heavy steel rolling mill
    complex 指“聯(lián)合企業(yè)”,如 chemical complex, iron and steel complex, building complex。
    在現(xiàn)代報(bào)刊中,以上用法大都依照習(xí)慣,有時(shí)沒(méi)有明確界限或區(qū)別。值得注意的是有些詞專指特殊的工廠,如smeltery 冶煉廠、foundry 鑄造廠、tannery制革廠。
    2) equipment, facility:
    equipment 和 facility 都可譯作“設(shè)備”,“器材”,但equipment 是不可熟名詞,指用于某一特殊目的的東西,供給品,裝備等。如:
    a completer of equipment
    an important piece of equipment
    basic kitchen equipment
    stereo equipment
    facility 是可數(shù)名詞,常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。facilities指為一特殊活動(dòng)或目的所提供的種種便利,包括設(shè)備、建筑物和服務(wù)等等。如:
    production facilities
    facilities for study
    facilities for travel
    sports facilities