一、英譯漢中的動(dòng)詞的處理方法
一是常用動(dòng)詞，二是高難動(dòng)詞，三是容易混消的動(dòng)詞，四是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。
(1)常用動(dòng)詞
例：For example，they do not compensate for gross social inequality,and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.
例如，測(cè)試并不能彌補(bǔ)明顯的社會(huì)不公；因此，它們不能說(shuō)明一個(gè)物質(zhì)條件差的年輕人，如果在較好的環(huán)境下成長(zhǎng)的話(huà)，會(huì)有多大才干。
(2)高難動(dòng)詞
例：How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount,reliability,and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.
這些預(yù)測(cè)在多大程度上為后來(lái)的表現(xiàn)所證實(shí)，這取決于所采用信息的數(shù)量、可靠性和適宜性，以及解釋這些信息的技能和才智。
(3)容易混消的動(dòng)詞
例：Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.
人們之所以關(guān)注歷史研究的方法論，主要是因?yàn)槭穼W(xué)界內(nèi)部意見(jiàn)不一，其次是因?yàn)橥饨绮⒉徽J(rèn)為歷史是一門(mén)學(xué)問(wèn)。
(4)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)
例：Furthermore，it is obvious that the strength of a country’’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry,and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.
再者，顯而易見(jiàn)的是一個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力與其工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率密切相關(guān)，而效率的提高則又有賴(lài)于各種科技人員的努力。
二、英譯漢中的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
(1)把非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞直接譯成動(dòng)詞
例：However， the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world’’s more fascinating and delightful aspects.
然而，世界就是如此，完美的體系一般而言是無(wú)法解決世上某些更加引人入勝的課題的。
(2)把非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞直接譯成形容詞
例：The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang， first put forward in the 1920s， to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.
巨大的宇宙云的存在，實(shí)際上是使二十世紀(jì)二十年代首創(chuàng)的大爆炸論得以保持其宇宙起源論的主導(dǎo)地位所不可缺少的。
(3)把非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞直接譯成名詞
例：When that happens， it is not a mistake： it is mankind’’s instinct for moral reasoning in action， an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.
當(dāng)人們產(chǎn)生同情心的時(shí)候并不是一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，這是人類(lèi)用道德觀(guān)念進(jìn)行推理的本能在起作用，這種本能應(yīng)得到鼓勵(lì)，而不應(yīng)遭到嘲弄
(4)把非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞直接譯成謂詞動(dòng)詞
例：Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.
在這些原因中，有些完全是自然而然地來(lái)自社會(huì)需求；另一些則是由于科學(xué)在一定程度上自我加速而產(chǎn)生某些特定發(fā)展的必然結(jié)果。
一是常用動(dòng)詞，二是高難動(dòng)詞，三是容易混消的動(dòng)詞，四是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。
(1)常用動(dòng)詞
例：For example，they do not compensate for gross social inequality,and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.
例如，測(cè)試并不能彌補(bǔ)明顯的社會(huì)不公；因此，它們不能說(shuō)明一個(gè)物質(zhì)條件差的年輕人，如果在較好的環(huán)境下成長(zhǎng)的話(huà)，會(huì)有多大才干。
(2)高難動(dòng)詞
例：How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount,reliability,and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.
這些預(yù)測(cè)在多大程度上為后來(lái)的表現(xiàn)所證實(shí)，這取決于所采用信息的數(shù)量、可靠性和適宜性，以及解釋這些信息的技能和才智。
(3)容易混消的動(dòng)詞
例：Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.
人們之所以關(guān)注歷史研究的方法論，主要是因?yàn)槭穼W(xué)界內(nèi)部意見(jiàn)不一，其次是因?yàn)橥饨绮⒉徽J(rèn)為歷史是一門(mén)學(xué)問(wèn)。
(4)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)
例：Furthermore，it is obvious that the strength of a country’’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry,and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.
再者，顯而易見(jiàn)的是一個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力與其工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率密切相關(guān)，而效率的提高則又有賴(lài)于各種科技人員的努力。
二、英譯漢中的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
(1)把非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞直接譯成動(dòng)詞
例：However， the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world’’s more fascinating and delightful aspects.
然而，世界就是如此，完美的體系一般而言是無(wú)法解決世上某些更加引人入勝的課題的。
(2)把非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞直接譯成形容詞
例：The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang， first put forward in the 1920s， to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.
巨大的宇宙云的存在，實(shí)際上是使二十世紀(jì)二十年代首創(chuàng)的大爆炸論得以保持其宇宙起源論的主導(dǎo)地位所不可缺少的。
(3)把非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞直接譯成名詞
例：When that happens， it is not a mistake： it is mankind’’s instinct for moral reasoning in action， an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.
當(dāng)人們產(chǎn)生同情心的時(shí)候并不是一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，這是人類(lèi)用道德觀(guān)念進(jìn)行推理的本能在起作用，這種本能應(yīng)得到鼓勵(lì)，而不應(yīng)遭到嘲弄
(4)把非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞直接譯成謂詞動(dòng)詞
例：Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.
在這些原因中，有些完全是自然而然地來(lái)自社會(huì)需求；另一些則是由于科學(xué)在一定程度上自我加速而產(chǎn)生某些特定發(fā)展的必然結(jié)果。