7選5題型之所以難，主要有幾個原因：第一，該題型主要考查考生的邏輯能力，包括對全文的語言邏輯和句與句之間上下文邏輯關(guān)系的判斷。而這恰恰是熟悉了中文行文邏輯的中國考生所缺少的能力。第二，備選答案中含有兩個干擾選項，這兩個干擾選項在表面上看往往與正確答案有一定的相關(guān)性，這給考生解題帶來很大的困難。第三，文章篇幅較長，解題時間有限(建議在25分鐘之內(nèi)解題)，選錯一題甚至可以造成兩題出錯。
由于該題型在考研英語中出現(xiàn)不久，考生很難找到高質(zhì)量的模擬題來訓(xùn)練，也很難從有限的真題中總結(jié)解題技巧和出題規(guī)律。幸運的是這種題目很早就出現(xiàn)在就BEC(劍橋商務(wù)英語證書)的閱讀的第二部分，雖然考研英語不會涉及太多的商務(wù)專業(yè)知識，但這兩種題型出題的思路和解題規(guī)律有極大的相似性。筆者利用多年教授BEC閱讀總結(jié)的規(guī)律對2006年的7選5真題進(jìn)行巧解，希望對備考2008年考研英語的廣大考生起到拋磚引玉的作用。
在考研的現(xiàn)場如果考生用大量的時間來徹底讀懂文章的意思其實是不現(xiàn)實的，也是沒有必要的，正確的解題思路分為兩步：
1)跳過空格快速通讀全篇，了解文章大意。
2)精讀空格前后兩句，利用各種銜接手段選擇正確的選項填入空格。
解題的關(guān)鍵是能嫻熟地利用各種銜接手段。銜接手段分為三種：詞匯銜接、邏輯銜接、結(jié)構(gòu)銜接。
考研英語7選7解題技巧之用好詞匯銜接
詞匯銜接又可以具體分為三種：代詞、同義詞/近義詞、上下義詞/同一范疇詞對應(yīng)關(guān)系。
1.代詞
英語表達(dá)中代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率極高，代詞的作用無非是指代前面提及的名詞或形容詞概念，巧妙利用這樣的指代關(guān)系和根據(jù)代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)差異可以準(zhǔn)確而快速地解題。
例1：……The new design was well received by the reception staff of the hotel chain._________
正確選項為：They all believe that its introduction has led to a modern ,more professional corporate image and greater confidence among them.
例題分析：選項中的they 是復(fù)數(shù)的人數(shù)代詞主格，對應(yīng)空格前句中的staff，staff是一個集合名詞(全體員工)，是個復(fù)數(shù)概念。代詞中有一類叫不定代詞，常見的有：one, everyone, everybody, each, both, all, many, these, this 等，特別要注意它們所指代的名詞概念的單復(fù)數(shù)性質(zhì)，考生如果對此比較敏感，對解題有很大的幫助。
例2：It is important, therefore, that we should know what people using our stores want of us.__________ During the past two years, we have been working hard to improve the standard of our products in both these areas.
正確選項：Research commissioned by the company shows that, above all else, customers expect fashion and value.
例題分析：空格后句末in both these areas中both這個不定代詞提示考生空格中一定出現(xiàn)兩個并列的名詞概念，即fashion and value。當(dāng)然該題也可通過同義詞對應(yīng)解題：選項中的expect對應(yīng)空格前的want，表“需求”。
2.同義詞/近義詞
英語前言后語之間往往有同義詞、近義詞、近義表達(dá)語甚至相同詞匯的重復(fù)使用，這是我們解題的一個很好的判斷線索。其實就其本質(zhì)而言，上文講的代詞和下文將涉及的上下義詞及同一范疇詞都是特殊的同義/近義詞。
例1：Laura Ashley made a fortune by looking back to past centuries, searching for old designs to decorate a variety of clothes and household furnishings. _____.
正確選項：These traditional products created a huge wave of demand from the States and elsewhere.
例題分析：空格前句中的old和選項中的traditional是近義詞，是很明顯的同義對應(yīng)關(guān)系。
例2：A Norwegian company, Cortex, has patented a cork, made from man-made materials which it claims is superior to the real thing. ________.
正確選項：I hopes to be making 200 million of its synthetic corks a year by the end of the decade.
例題分析：選項中的synthetic，意為“人工合成的，人造的”，是前句中man-made的同義詞。根據(jù)《大學(xué)英語教學(xué)大綱詞匯表》(高等教育出版社)，synthetic是一個四級詞匯，但在新東方的BEC和考研閱讀課上，筆者竟驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)很多大學(xué)生朋友不認(rèn)識這個低層詞匯。在此，不得不提醒廣大考生：對大綱詞匯全面而熟練的掌握是高效解答這種題型的根本保證。有時候，如果選項中出現(xiàn)空格前后句里相同的詞匯，尤其是實詞(特別是名詞)，這往往是很好的提示。這就是所謂的同詞重復(fù)現(xiàn)象。
例3：These days, Dan Baird runs Front Line Developments, his own computer games business, and has just sold his latest game to the American software giant.____________.“The computer game is now a totally accepted means of entertainment,” she says.
正確選項：She thinks that a lot of people feel that computer games are just a passing fad, but her view is that they are not.
例題分析：空格前后句都出現(xiàn)了computer game，在讀選項的時候很容易注意到這個同詞重復(fù)的解題線索。
3.上下義詞/同一范疇詞
什么是上下義詞和同一范疇詞？舉個例子讀者就明白了。fruit和apple之間就是上下義詞，因為前者包含了后者，或者可以說后者是前者的一個子集。apple 和orange之間則是同一范疇的關(guān)系，都屬于fruit。利用前后句中這樣的特殊的同義關(guān)系常常可以很輕松地解題。
例1：A recently study by American management institute shows that the processing of documents takes up 60% of office works’ time, 40% of labor costs and up to 10% of business income. ______.
正確選項：These figures are hardly surprising since documents convey nine-tenths of all information.
例題分析：選項中的these figurer提示我們前句一定出現(xiàn)了三個或三個以上的數(shù)字，figure/number/data 等都表示“數(shù)字，數(shù)據(jù)”，空格前面出現(xiàn)了三個百分?jǐn)?shù)，屬于數(shù)字的一種，是上下義詞次的關(guān)系。
例2：Certain key products have been subject to a thorough review, most notably menswear , where significant advances have been made in product design and manufacture. ____________.All of these have reported an increase in market share.
正確選項：Other areas where product innovation has been particularly effective are in lingerie, gifts and homeware.
例題分析：空格后句開頭all of these 提示我們空格里面肯定出現(xiàn)三個或三個以上并列的名詞概念，正是選項中的lingerie(女士內(nèi)衣)，gifts(禮品)and homeware(家居用品)，這三個名詞與前句中的menswear(男士服裝)屬于同一范疇類的事物，都是百貨商店里的常見商品類別。從這道例題我們還能得出這樣一個有用的結(jié)論：很多題目的銜接可能不止一個，我們可以從不同的角度來解題或?qū)Υ鸢高M(jìn)行驗證。
考研英語7選7解題技巧之用好邏輯銜接
邏輯銜接根據(jù)前后句之間的邏輯關(guān)系又細(xì)分為：解釋關(guān)系、例證關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、順逆關(guān)系。
1. 解釋關(guān)系
前后句之間含有解釋的邏輯關(guān)系，這樣的邏輯關(guān)系是很隱蔽的。
例題：By 1995, the year she died, the business had grown so much that she had decided to remain involved only in the area of design. ______.
正確選項：The creative side of things was what she had always enjoyed most.
例題分析：design這個詞的中文意思大家肯定很熟悉，但筆者如果提個問題，不知道有多少讀者能回答出來：What is the essential quality(nature) of a successful designer?(一個成功的設(shè)計師的基本素質(zhì)是什么？究竟怎樣的人可以被稱之為設(shè)計師？)答案是：He or she must have original mind.(必須具有創(chuàng)新思維。)選項中的the creative side of things 是對前句中the area of design的好解釋。其實任何語言學(xué)習(xí)的高境界就是對語言所表達(dá)的思想的精確理解，而不是表面的語言現(xiàn)象。筆者留一個簡單的問題給讀者思考：Who can be called entrepreneurs(企業(yè)家)?
2. 例證關(guān)系
前后句的某句是為了證明另一句而舉的例子。例證的形式多樣，但就其本質(zhì)而言無非是思維上的形象(例子、類比等)和抽象(觀點)的辯證關(guān)系，用到的思維過程無非就是基本的歸納(從形象到抽象)和推理(從抽象到形象)。
例題：Manager should provide regular feedback to their staff._____.
正確選項：For example, when good work has been done it must be praised.
例題分析：選項是對前句舉了一個十分明顯的例子。
3. 因果關(guān)系
前后句的邏輯是因果關(guān)系，常見的邏輯表達(dá)有：because, for , since, as, the reason is that,result in /from , be due to , be attributed to 等等。還有一些表示因果邏輯關(guān)系的表達(dá)是比較隱蔽的，如：underlie (前者構(gòu)成后者的基礎(chǔ)，實際是前者是因，后者是果)，再如：in response to(前者作為后者的回應(yīng)，即后者是因，前者是果)。希望考生在平日英語學(xué)習(xí)中多作總結(jié)，這對考研各個部分的解題都有好處。
例題：There is no doubt that, in an increasingly competitive trading environment , we are better equipped than ever to compete and to win and we feel increasingly optimistic.______.
正確選項：This is due to our now having a clear strategy with a focus on the customer, product improvement and store refurbishment.
例題分析：選項句中有一個非常重要的形容詞clear，這個詞足以說明該公司的strategy(戰(zhàn)略)是正確的，一家公司有著清晰而正確的戰(zhàn)略思想當(dāng)然會使其蒸蒸日上?？崭袂懊嬉痪湔侵v的該公司躊躇滿志，十分樂觀。空格句開頭的this is due to 反映出這樣的因果邏輯關(guān)系。
4.順逆關(guān)系
英語行文中后句對前句不是順承邏輯關(guān)系就是逆轉(zhuǎn)邏輯關(guān)系，這是顯然的常識。如果空格前后兩句話之間是邏輯上的逆轉(zhuǎn)，則空格處很有可能是個轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯的句子。
例題：Company both large and small have spend large sums of money on improving office computer facilities._________. It seems that business have failed to apply the developments in technology to greater effect.
正確選項：However , this enormous investment has not improved productivity as expected.
例題分析：空格前句作者如果不是正面也至少可以說是中性的描述：公司無論大小都在改進(jìn)自己的辦公室的硬件方面不惜血本投資?？崭窈竺娴囊痪渲杏幸粋€明確的表示負(fù)面評價的詞fail to。如果沒有空格中的這句話，前后兩句的邏輯出現(xiàn)了斷層(logical gap)。所以考生可以在備選項中搜尋轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯的各種表達(dá)法，很快就能找出正確的選項。
總-分結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系
英語文章絕大多數(shù)都是總分結(jié)構(gòu)，無論是全篇的邏輯，還是每一個獨立的意群(一般以自然段的形式出現(xiàn))的邏輯都是總分結(jié)構(gòu)。 利用總句和分句中可能存在的上述各種銜接關(guān)系可以迅速地解題。由于篇幅有限，這里就不舉例說明了。
下面讓我們來用上述總結(jié)的方法巧解2006年真題。
On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville, Ind, home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino, a place where gambling games are played. During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.
He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a “Fun Card”, which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities. For Williams, these activities become what he calls “electronic heroin”.
(41) __________________________. In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat locked at 5 a.m., then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.
In March 1998, a friend of Williams’s got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams’s gamblers. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a “cease admissions” letter. Noting the “medical/psychological” nature of problem gambling behavior, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.
(42) ________________________________________.
The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 20 signs warning, “enjoy the fun and always bet with your head, not over it.” Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless Williams’s suit charged that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling”, intentionally worked to “l(fā)ure” him to “engage in conduct against his will” well.
(43) _________________________________________.
The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling ” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit loss of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.
44._____________________________. Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.
(45) ____________________________.
Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on—you might say addicted to—revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gambler’s dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week, with $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the web’s most profitable business.
(A) Although no such evidence was presented, the casino’s marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.
(B) It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?
(C) By the time he had lost $5,000, he said to himself that if he could get back to even , he would quit , one night he won $5,500 ,but he did not quit.
(D) Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.
(E) David Williams’ suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don’t bet on it.
(F) It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier ,sterner generations explained as weakness of will.
(G) The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conductive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?
41題解析
原題空格前后兩句：For Williams, these activities become what he calls “electronic heroin”.
(41) _____________________. In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72,186.
正確選項： (C) By the time he had lost $5,000, he said to himself that if he could get back to even , he would quit , one night he won $5,500 ,but he did not quit.
分析：這是五題中簡單的一道。選項中的$5,000和$5，500與空格中的$21,000和$72,186都是金錢數(shù)字，屬于同一范疇概念，由于其他選項中沒有任何數(shù)字，考生應(yīng)該很快能看出這個答案。另一層對應(yīng)是在邏輯上的，空格所在的選項句和空格后面的一句其實是用具體的事實數(shù)據(jù)在描述David Williams的賭癮越來越大，這正是空格前句中“electronic heroin”(電子海洛因)的解釋，屬于我們前面總結(jié)的解釋型邏輯關(guān)系。
42題解析
原題空格前后兩句：Noting the “medical/psychological” nature of problem gambling behavior, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being. (42) _________________________________________.The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 20 signs warning,“enjoy the fun and always bet with your head, not over it .”
正確選項：(A) Although no such evidence was presented, the casino’s marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.
分析：空格前面一句中的letter一詞和選項中的mailings是同義詞對應(yīng)。第二層對應(yīng)也是同義詞的對應(yīng)：空格前句中的patronizing the casino(光顧*)和選項中entered the casino(進(jìn)入*)其實是相同的意思。
43題解析
原題空格前后兩句：Nevertheless Williams’s suit charged that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling”, intentionally worked to “l(fā)ure” him to “engage in conduct against his will” well. (43) _____________________________________.The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit loss of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.
正確選項：(B) It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?
分析：這道題是很明顯的同詞重復(fù)現(xiàn)象：lure和will重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。
44題解析
原題空格前后兩句：The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit loss of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall. (44)_____________________________. Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.
正確選項：(F) It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier ,sterner generations explained as weakness of will.
分析：此題有多層的對應(yīng)關(guān)系。第一層對應(yīng)為：空格前句的diagnostic(診斷上的),選項中的medicalize(醫(yī)學(xué)化)以及空格后面的physical(身體上的)雖然不是近義詞或同義詞，但很明顯它們屬于同一醫(yī)學(xué)范疇，因此屬于同一范疇詞匯對應(yīng)；第二層對應(yīng)為：選項中的defining as(注意選項中有倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，原結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該是define ……as……)與空格后的reclassifying……as……是近義詞表達(dá)法，都是表示“歸類為，定義為”；第三層對應(yīng)為：選項中的weakness of will ( 意志上的弱點)和空格后句中的character flaws(性格的缺陷)是上下義詞的關(guān)系，前者屬于后者。
45題解析
原題空格前后兩句：Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities. (45)___________________________________________. Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on—you might say addicted to—revenues from wagering.
正確選項：(D) Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.
分析：此題有兩層對應(yīng)。第一層對應(yīng)是：空格后面的“Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on—you might say addicted to—revenues from wagering.”(44個州發(fā)行各種彩票，29個州開設(shè)*，大多數(shù)州在不同程度上依賴于*收入)是以具體的例子來說明選項中的“Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever”(賭博已經(jīng)成為美國生活中一個司空見慣的現(xiàn)象)，是上文總結(jié)的例證邏輯關(guān)系。第二層對應(yīng)是：空格后句中的revenues(收入)一詞是個專業(yè)術(shù)語，特指國家政府的財政收入。它與空格后的government屬于同一范疇詞匯對應(yīng)關(guān)系。
從以上分析我們不難看出，2006年的考研7選5題型真題的解題要點基本上都是詞匯上的對應(yīng)關(guān)系，其難度遠(yuǎn)不如BEC的真題，考生只要能熟練掌握上文總結(jié)的方法，多做習(xí)題，一定能在考試中從容對應(yīng)，考出理想的成績。假如2008年真題出現(xiàn)的是其他兩種備選題型，考生也可以靈活運用這些方法去巧解，因為這些題型從測試學(xué)的角度講本質(zhì)是相似的。后祝廣大考研學(xué)子2008年考研一路順風(fēng)！
由于該題型在考研英語中出現(xiàn)不久，考生很難找到高質(zhì)量的模擬題來訓(xùn)練，也很難從有限的真題中總結(jié)解題技巧和出題規(guī)律。幸運的是這種題目很早就出現(xiàn)在就BEC(劍橋商務(wù)英語證書)的閱讀的第二部分，雖然考研英語不會涉及太多的商務(wù)專業(yè)知識，但這兩種題型出題的思路和解題規(guī)律有極大的相似性。筆者利用多年教授BEC閱讀總結(jié)的規(guī)律對2006年的7選5真題進(jìn)行巧解，希望對備考2008年考研英語的廣大考生起到拋磚引玉的作用。
在考研的現(xiàn)場如果考生用大量的時間來徹底讀懂文章的意思其實是不現(xiàn)實的，也是沒有必要的，正確的解題思路分為兩步：
1)跳過空格快速通讀全篇，了解文章大意。
2)精讀空格前后兩句，利用各種銜接手段選擇正確的選項填入空格。
解題的關(guān)鍵是能嫻熟地利用各種銜接手段。銜接手段分為三種：詞匯銜接、邏輯銜接、結(jié)構(gòu)銜接。
考研英語7選7解題技巧之用好詞匯銜接
詞匯銜接又可以具體分為三種：代詞、同義詞/近義詞、上下義詞/同一范疇詞對應(yīng)關(guān)系。
1.代詞
英語表達(dá)中代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率極高，代詞的作用無非是指代前面提及的名詞或形容詞概念，巧妙利用這樣的指代關(guān)系和根據(jù)代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)差異可以準(zhǔn)確而快速地解題。
例1：……The new design was well received by the reception staff of the hotel chain._________
正確選項為：They all believe that its introduction has led to a modern ,more professional corporate image and greater confidence among them.
例題分析：選項中的they 是復(fù)數(shù)的人數(shù)代詞主格，對應(yīng)空格前句中的staff，staff是一個集合名詞(全體員工)，是個復(fù)數(shù)概念。代詞中有一類叫不定代詞，常見的有：one, everyone, everybody, each, both, all, many, these, this 等，特別要注意它們所指代的名詞概念的單復(fù)數(shù)性質(zhì)，考生如果對此比較敏感，對解題有很大的幫助。
例2：It is important, therefore, that we should know what people using our stores want of us.__________ During the past two years, we have been working hard to improve the standard of our products in both these areas.
正確選項：Research commissioned by the company shows that, above all else, customers expect fashion and value.
例題分析：空格后句末in both these areas中both這個不定代詞提示考生空格中一定出現(xiàn)兩個并列的名詞概念，即fashion and value。當(dāng)然該題也可通過同義詞對應(yīng)解題：選項中的expect對應(yīng)空格前的want，表“需求”。
2.同義詞/近義詞
英語前言后語之間往往有同義詞、近義詞、近義表達(dá)語甚至相同詞匯的重復(fù)使用，這是我們解題的一個很好的判斷線索。其實就其本質(zhì)而言，上文講的代詞和下文將涉及的上下義詞及同一范疇詞都是特殊的同義/近義詞。
例1：Laura Ashley made a fortune by looking back to past centuries, searching for old designs to decorate a variety of clothes and household furnishings. _____.
正確選項：These traditional products created a huge wave of demand from the States and elsewhere.
例題分析：空格前句中的old和選項中的traditional是近義詞，是很明顯的同義對應(yīng)關(guān)系。
例2：A Norwegian company, Cortex, has patented a cork, made from man-made materials which it claims is superior to the real thing. ________.
正確選項：I hopes to be making 200 million of its synthetic corks a year by the end of the decade.
例題分析：選項中的synthetic，意為“人工合成的，人造的”，是前句中man-made的同義詞。根據(jù)《大學(xué)英語教學(xué)大綱詞匯表》(高等教育出版社)，synthetic是一個四級詞匯，但在新東方的BEC和考研閱讀課上，筆者竟驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)很多大學(xué)生朋友不認(rèn)識這個低層詞匯。在此，不得不提醒廣大考生：對大綱詞匯全面而熟練的掌握是高效解答這種題型的根本保證。有時候，如果選項中出現(xiàn)空格前后句里相同的詞匯，尤其是實詞(特別是名詞)，這往往是很好的提示。這就是所謂的同詞重復(fù)現(xiàn)象。
例3：These days, Dan Baird runs Front Line Developments, his own computer games business, and has just sold his latest game to the American software giant.____________.“The computer game is now a totally accepted means of entertainment,” she says.
正確選項：She thinks that a lot of people feel that computer games are just a passing fad, but her view is that they are not.
例題分析：空格前后句都出現(xiàn)了computer game，在讀選項的時候很容易注意到這個同詞重復(fù)的解題線索。
3.上下義詞/同一范疇詞
什么是上下義詞和同一范疇詞？舉個例子讀者就明白了。fruit和apple之間就是上下義詞，因為前者包含了后者，或者可以說后者是前者的一個子集。apple 和orange之間則是同一范疇的關(guān)系，都屬于fruit。利用前后句中這樣的特殊的同義關(guān)系常常可以很輕松地解題。
例1：A recently study by American management institute shows that the processing of documents takes up 60% of office works’ time, 40% of labor costs and up to 10% of business income. ______.
正確選項：These figures are hardly surprising since documents convey nine-tenths of all information.
例題分析：選項中的these figurer提示我們前句一定出現(xiàn)了三個或三個以上的數(shù)字，figure/number/data 等都表示“數(shù)字，數(shù)據(jù)”，空格前面出現(xiàn)了三個百分?jǐn)?shù)，屬于數(shù)字的一種，是上下義詞次的關(guān)系。
例2：Certain key products have been subject to a thorough review, most notably menswear , where significant advances have been made in product design and manufacture. ____________.All of these have reported an increase in market share.
正確選項：Other areas where product innovation has been particularly effective are in lingerie, gifts and homeware.
例題分析：空格后句開頭all of these 提示我們空格里面肯定出現(xiàn)三個或三個以上并列的名詞概念，正是選項中的lingerie(女士內(nèi)衣)，gifts(禮品)and homeware(家居用品)，這三個名詞與前句中的menswear(男士服裝)屬于同一范疇類的事物，都是百貨商店里的常見商品類別。從這道例題我們還能得出這樣一個有用的結(jié)論：很多題目的銜接可能不止一個，我們可以從不同的角度來解題或?qū)Υ鸢高M(jìn)行驗證。
考研英語7選7解題技巧之用好邏輯銜接
邏輯銜接根據(jù)前后句之間的邏輯關(guān)系又細(xì)分為：解釋關(guān)系、例證關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、順逆關(guān)系。
1. 解釋關(guān)系
前后句之間含有解釋的邏輯關(guān)系，這樣的邏輯關(guān)系是很隱蔽的。
例題：By 1995, the year she died, the business had grown so much that she had decided to remain involved only in the area of design. ______.
正確選項：The creative side of things was what she had always enjoyed most.
例題分析：design這個詞的中文意思大家肯定很熟悉，但筆者如果提個問題，不知道有多少讀者能回答出來：What is the essential quality(nature) of a successful designer?(一個成功的設(shè)計師的基本素質(zhì)是什么？究竟怎樣的人可以被稱之為設(shè)計師？)答案是：He or she must have original mind.(必須具有創(chuàng)新思維。)選項中的the creative side of things 是對前句中the area of design的好解釋。其實任何語言學(xué)習(xí)的高境界就是對語言所表達(dá)的思想的精確理解，而不是表面的語言現(xiàn)象。筆者留一個簡單的問題給讀者思考：Who can be called entrepreneurs(企業(yè)家)?
2. 例證關(guān)系
前后句的某句是為了證明另一句而舉的例子。例證的形式多樣，但就其本質(zhì)而言無非是思維上的形象(例子、類比等)和抽象(觀點)的辯證關(guān)系，用到的思維過程無非就是基本的歸納(從形象到抽象)和推理(從抽象到形象)。
例題：Manager should provide regular feedback to their staff._____.
正確選項：For example, when good work has been done it must be praised.
例題分析：選項是對前句舉了一個十分明顯的例子。
3. 因果關(guān)系
前后句的邏輯是因果關(guān)系，常見的邏輯表達(dá)有：because, for , since, as, the reason is that,result in /from , be due to , be attributed to 等等。還有一些表示因果邏輯關(guān)系的表達(dá)是比較隱蔽的，如：underlie (前者構(gòu)成后者的基礎(chǔ)，實際是前者是因，后者是果)，再如：in response to(前者作為后者的回應(yīng)，即后者是因，前者是果)。希望考生在平日英語學(xué)習(xí)中多作總結(jié)，這對考研各個部分的解題都有好處。
例題：There is no doubt that, in an increasingly competitive trading environment , we are better equipped than ever to compete and to win and we feel increasingly optimistic.______.
正確選項：This is due to our now having a clear strategy with a focus on the customer, product improvement and store refurbishment.
例題分析：選項句中有一個非常重要的形容詞clear，這個詞足以說明該公司的strategy(戰(zhàn)略)是正確的，一家公司有著清晰而正確的戰(zhàn)略思想當(dāng)然會使其蒸蒸日上?？崭袂懊嬉痪湔侵v的該公司躊躇滿志，十分樂觀。空格句開頭的this is due to 反映出這樣的因果邏輯關(guān)系。
4.順逆關(guān)系
英語行文中后句對前句不是順承邏輯關(guān)系就是逆轉(zhuǎn)邏輯關(guān)系，這是顯然的常識。如果空格前后兩句話之間是邏輯上的逆轉(zhuǎn)，則空格處很有可能是個轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯的句子。
例題：Company both large and small have spend large sums of money on improving office computer facilities._________. It seems that business have failed to apply the developments in technology to greater effect.
正確選項：However , this enormous investment has not improved productivity as expected.
例題分析：空格前句作者如果不是正面也至少可以說是中性的描述：公司無論大小都在改進(jìn)自己的辦公室的硬件方面不惜血本投資?？崭窈竺娴囊痪渲杏幸粋€明確的表示負(fù)面評價的詞fail to。如果沒有空格中的這句話，前后兩句的邏輯出現(xiàn)了斷層(logical gap)。所以考生可以在備選項中搜尋轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯的各種表達(dá)法，很快就能找出正確的選項。
總-分結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系
英語文章絕大多數(shù)都是總分結(jié)構(gòu)，無論是全篇的邏輯，還是每一個獨立的意群(一般以自然段的形式出現(xiàn))的邏輯都是總分結(jié)構(gòu)。 利用總句和分句中可能存在的上述各種銜接關(guān)系可以迅速地解題。由于篇幅有限，這里就不舉例說明了。
下面讓我們來用上述總結(jié)的方法巧解2006年真題。
On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville, Ind, home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino, a place where gambling games are played. During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.
He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a “Fun Card”, which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities. For Williams, these activities become what he calls “electronic heroin”.
(41) __________________________. In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat locked at 5 a.m., then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.
In March 1998, a friend of Williams’s got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams’s gamblers. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a “cease admissions” letter. Noting the “medical/psychological” nature of problem gambling behavior, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.
(42) ________________________________________.
The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 20 signs warning, “enjoy the fun and always bet with your head, not over it.” Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless Williams’s suit charged that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling”, intentionally worked to “l(fā)ure” him to “engage in conduct against his will” well.
(43) _________________________________________.
The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling ” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit loss of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.
44._____________________________. Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.
(45) ____________________________.
Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on—you might say addicted to—revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gambler’s dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week, with $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the web’s most profitable business.
(A) Although no such evidence was presented, the casino’s marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.
(B) It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?
(C) By the time he had lost $5,000, he said to himself that if he could get back to even , he would quit , one night he won $5,500 ,but he did not quit.
(D) Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.
(E) David Williams’ suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don’t bet on it.
(F) It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier ,sterner generations explained as weakness of will.
(G) The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conductive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?
41題解析
原題空格前后兩句：For Williams, these activities become what he calls “electronic heroin”.
(41) _____________________. In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72,186.
正確選項： (C) By the time he had lost $5,000, he said to himself that if he could get back to even , he would quit , one night he won $5,500 ,but he did not quit.
分析：這是五題中簡單的一道。選項中的$5,000和$5，500與空格中的$21,000和$72,186都是金錢數(shù)字，屬于同一范疇概念，由于其他選項中沒有任何數(shù)字，考生應(yīng)該很快能看出這個答案。另一層對應(yīng)是在邏輯上的，空格所在的選項句和空格后面的一句其實是用具體的事實數(shù)據(jù)在描述David Williams的賭癮越來越大，這正是空格前句中“electronic heroin”(電子海洛因)的解釋，屬于我們前面總結(jié)的解釋型邏輯關(guān)系。
42題解析
原題空格前后兩句：Noting the “medical/psychological” nature of problem gambling behavior, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being. (42) _________________________________________.The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 20 signs warning,“enjoy the fun and always bet with your head, not over it .”
正確選項：(A) Although no such evidence was presented, the casino’s marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.
分析：空格前面一句中的letter一詞和選項中的mailings是同義詞對應(yīng)。第二層對應(yīng)也是同義詞的對應(yīng)：空格前句中的patronizing the casino(光顧*)和選項中entered the casino(進(jìn)入*)其實是相同的意思。
43題解析
原題空格前后兩句：Nevertheless Williams’s suit charged that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling”, intentionally worked to “l(fā)ure” him to “engage in conduct against his will” well. (43) _____________________________________.The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit loss of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.
正確選項：(B) It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?
分析：這道題是很明顯的同詞重復(fù)現(xiàn)象：lure和will重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。
44題解析
原題空格前后兩句：The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit loss of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall. (44)_____________________________. Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.
正確選項：(F) It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier ,sterner generations explained as weakness of will.
分析：此題有多層的對應(yīng)關(guān)系。第一層對應(yīng)為：空格前句的diagnostic(診斷上的),選項中的medicalize(醫(yī)學(xué)化)以及空格后面的physical(身體上的)雖然不是近義詞或同義詞，但很明顯它們屬于同一醫(yī)學(xué)范疇，因此屬于同一范疇詞匯對應(yīng)；第二層對應(yīng)為：選項中的defining as(注意選項中有倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，原結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該是define ……as……)與空格后的reclassifying……as……是近義詞表達(dá)法，都是表示“歸類為，定義為”；第三層對應(yīng)為：選項中的weakness of will ( 意志上的弱點)和空格后句中的character flaws(性格的缺陷)是上下義詞的關(guān)系，前者屬于后者。
45題解析
原題空格前后兩句：Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities. (45)___________________________________________. Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on—you might say addicted to—revenues from wagering.
正確選項：(D) Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.
分析：此題有兩層對應(yīng)。第一層對應(yīng)是：空格后面的“Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on—you might say addicted to—revenues from wagering.”(44個州發(fā)行各種彩票，29個州開設(shè)*，大多數(shù)州在不同程度上依賴于*收入)是以具體的例子來說明選項中的“Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever”(賭博已經(jīng)成為美國生活中一個司空見慣的現(xiàn)象)，是上文總結(jié)的例證邏輯關(guān)系。第二層對應(yīng)是：空格后句中的revenues(收入)一詞是個專業(yè)術(shù)語，特指國家政府的財政收入。它與空格后的government屬于同一范疇詞匯對應(yīng)關(guān)系。
從以上分析我們不難看出，2006年的考研7選5題型真題的解題要點基本上都是詞匯上的對應(yīng)關(guān)系，其難度遠(yuǎn)不如BEC的真題，考生只要能熟練掌握上文總結(jié)的方法，多做習(xí)題，一定能在考試中從容對應(yīng)，考出理想的成績。假如2008年真題出現(xiàn)的是其他兩種備選題型，考生也可以靈活運用這些方法去巧解，因為這些題型從測試學(xué)的角度講本質(zhì)是相似的。后祝廣大考研學(xué)子2008年考研一路順風(fēng)！