2009年考研英語(yǔ)沖擊翻譯不得不戀(9)

字號(hào):

分譯法 :英語(yǔ)中有的句子很長(zhǎng),為了符合漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣,我們常常把英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句拆開(kāi)來(lái)翻譯,成為若干短句。這樣做既準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)出原意,又使譯文通順流暢,這種翻譯法就是分譯法。
    例一: How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount ,reliability ,and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.
    分析: How … performance 是主語(yǔ)從句,主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)是 depends , 譯文采用分譯法:把主語(yǔ)從句作為獨(dú)立句子來(lái)處理,在主句謂語(yǔ)前加“這”,概括了主語(yǔ)從句的含義。此外, with which … interpreted 是定語(yǔ)從句,其中 it 指 information, 該定語(yǔ)從句修飾 the skill and wisdom, 譯文采用合譯法。可見(jiàn),無(wú)論是分譯法或合譯法都是為了確切地表達(dá)原意,使譯文符合漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。
    譯文: 這些猜測(cè)在多大程度上為后來(lái)的表現(xiàn)所證實(shí),這取決于所采用信息的數(shù)量、可靠性和適宜性,以及解釋這些信息的技能和才智。
    例二: As the century developed, the increasing magnitude and complexity of the problems to be solved and the growing interconnection of different disciplines made it impossible, in many cases, for the individual scientist to deal with the huge mass of new data ,techniques and equipment that were required for carrying out research accurately and efficiently.
    分析 : As 引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。主句的主語(yǔ)是 the increasing magnitude and complexity of the problems to be solved and the growing interconnection of different disciplines 。在這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的主語(yǔ)中,第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)的主導(dǎo)詞是 magnitude and complexity ,現(xiàn)在分詞 increasing 修飾它們,從邏輯上看,被邏輯詞與修飾詞是主謂關(guān)系。第二個(gè)主語(yǔ)中的主導(dǎo)詞是 interconnection, 現(xiàn)在分詞 growing 修飾它,從邏輯上看,它們之間也是主謂關(guān)系。所以,在翻譯處理時(shí),把兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的主語(yǔ)各譯成漢語(yǔ)的單句,然后在主句謂語(yǔ)前加上“這一切”,使譯文簡(jiǎn)潔明了。
    譯文 :隨著本世紀(jì)時(shí)間的流逝,欲待解決的問(wèn)題與日俱增,其復(fù)雜程度日益深化,而且不同學(xué)科之間的相互聯(lián)系日益密切。這一切在許多情況下使單個(gè)科學(xué)家無(wú)法處理那些進(jìn)行精確而高效的研究工作所需要的大量新數(shù)據(jù)、新技術(shù)和新設(shè)備。
    從中可以看出,英語(yǔ)中的長(zhǎng)句,一般指主從復(fù)合句和并列復(fù)合句。在翻譯過(guò)程中,必須抓住全句的中心內(nèi)容,搞清楚句子各部分之間的語(yǔ)法關(guān)系及由此體現(xiàn)出來(lái)的聯(lián)系。長(zhǎng)句的分譯法就是以上述的認(rèn)真分析為基礎(chǔ)。我們?cè)诰毩?xí)和應(yīng)試時(shí),應(yīng)從英語(yǔ)上下文的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系,辨清外延和內(nèi)涵,過(guò)度到深層理解。
    練習(xí):
    1 請(qǐng)將下面句子翻譯成中文。
    The law of universal gravitation states that every particle of matter in the universe attracts every other with a force which is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
    2 請(qǐng)將下面的句子翻譯成中文。
    Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and its endeavors in the same reasoned ,orderly , systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
    ( 來(lái)自 2003 年英譯漢真題 )
    3 請(qǐng)把下面的句子翻譯成中文:
    In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.
    ( 來(lái)自 2005 年英譯漢真題 )