1、not...until引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句
教材例句
…but your friend can’t go until he/she finishes cleaning the bicycle.
句型解讀
not…until/till 意思是“直到…才”，表示主句謂語所表示的動作直到until狀語所表示的時間才發(fā)生，主句的謂語動詞表示的是動作的開始，動詞既可以是延續(xù)性的，也可以是非延續(xù)性的。
2、It is /was the first time that…
教材例句
It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face.
句型解讀
It is the first (second…etc) that… (從句謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時)
It was the first (second…etc) that… (從句謂語動詞用過去完成時)
the first time 可作從屬連詞用，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。
如：The first time I saw her, my heart stopped.
3、with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
教材例句
Mum asked her if she was very hot with so many clothes on.
句型解讀
with+名詞/代詞(賓格)+分詞/形容詞/介詞短語/不定式/副詞在句中常作伴隨狀語。動詞形式的選擇取決于賓語同動詞之間的邏輯關(guān)系。
例如：The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
4.make 后接復(fù)合賓語
教材例句
…, so she made her diary her best friend.
句型解讀
make 后接復(fù)合賓語，賓語補足語須用不帶to 的不定式、形容詞、過去分詞、名詞等。常見的有以下幾種形式：
(1)make sb. do sth.讓(使)某人做某事。
He was made to repeat it.(注意在被動句中，不定式前要加to)
(2) make sb. /sth. +adj.使某人/物……
We should do our best to make our country stronger and more beautiful.
(3)make sb./ oneself +v-ed 讓某人/自己被……
When you speak, you should make yourself understood.
(4) make sb.+n. 使某人成為…
(5) make it n. /adj.+(for sb.) to do sth.
We made him leader of our team. (注意表示職位的名詞前不加冠詞)
He made it easy for us to understand the text.
5.even if/even though 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句
教材例句
Native speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.
句型解讀
even if/even though, 意為“即使”，用來引導(dǎo)一個讓步狀語從句，后面既可用陳述語氣，也可用虛擬語氣，但是even if/even though,引導(dǎo)的從句中不用將來時。如：Even though/if it rains tomorrow, we will leave for Beijing.
6.動詞 -ing形式作狀語
教材例句
One big change in English usage happened when Noah Webster wrote the American Dictionary of the English Language，giving American English its own identity.
句型解讀
動詞-ing形式作狀語時，可表示時間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式、伴隨狀況等，通常情況下句子的主語與該動詞之間是邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，表示時間關(guān)系的分詞短語有時可由when及while引出。如：Both of his parents died in the war, leaving him alone.
7.連詞since引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句
教材例句
Since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.
句型解讀
連詞since 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句用一般過去時，介詞since 與表示過去某一點時間的詞語連用，副詞since 后不用從句或詞語。
It is/has been+一段時間+since+一般過去時(從句中的動作不能延續(xù))自從……至今已經(jīng)多久了。
since then 自從那時至今 ever since 從那以后一直
8、強調(diào)句型
教材例句
It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends.
句型解讀
強調(diào)句型It is/was…that/who 的用法歸納如下：
強調(diào)句型可以強調(diào)除謂語動詞以外的任何句子成份。一般來說，如果被強調(diào)部分是人時，用連詞that或who；如果被強調(diào)部分是物，只能用連詞that。 強調(diào)句型應(yīng)避免使用when, where, which 等連詞。
含一般疑問句和特殊疑問句的強調(diào)句句型:
① 含一般疑問句的強調(diào)句型，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：Is it+被強調(diào)部分+that/who+句子的其余部分？
② 特殊疑問句的強調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)形式為：特殊疑問詞+is/was it that/who+句子的其余部分？
9、although/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句
教材例句
Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places,…
句型解讀
Although conj “盡管，雖然”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。拓展：
① although 從句多在句首， though 從句可在主句前、中、后任何位置，而且though 可以作副詞用于句末，作“但是，不過”講，而although 無此用法。
② although 用來陳述事實而不用于假設(shè)，所以as though(仿佛，好像)，even though(即使，盡管)中不能用although。
③ though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句可以倒裝(將表語、狀語、情態(tài)動詞后的動詞原形前置到句首，此用法同as),而 although 不可以。
10、once 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句
教材例句
Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.
句型解讀
Once 可作為從屬連詞，作“一(旦)……就……”解，連接一個表示時間的狀語從句。從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在完成時表將來。
如：Once you have begin you must continue.
Once printed，the book will be very popular。
11.there be 句型
教材例句
Now, imagine there has been a big earthquake.
句型解讀
“There +be +主語+其它成分”結(jié)構(gòu)中there為引導(dǎo)詞，本身無意義，謂語動詞按照就近一致原則。其它相似句型還有：
There happen to be 碰巧有
There seems/appears to be 好像有
There is likely to be 可能有
There may/might be 也許有
There must be 一定有
There can’t be 不可能有
There is said/reported to be 據(jù)說/據(jù)報道有
There used to be 曾經(jīng)有
There is sure/certain to be 一定有
12.It seems/seemed that…從句
教材例句
It seemed that the world was at an end。
句型解讀
從句表示“(在某人)看來好像；似乎”
① It seems/looks/appears as if/though…看起來好像…
② Sb./Sth. looks as if/though…(不用seem/appear)
③ There seems/appears(to be)…(不用 look)
There appears to have been a mistake. =It appears that there has been a mistake.
④ It seems so. =So it seems.看來似乎是這樣。
13、leave+賓語+賓補
教材例句
句型解讀
“l(fā)eave+賓語+賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)中l(wèi)eave 作為及物動詞，可以表示“使保留，讓…處于(某種狀態(tài)、某地等)”。其后接形容詞、分詞、不定式、介詞短語、名詞或句子等補足語。
如：① I’m sorry I’ve left some questions unanswered.
② He left the windows open.
③ Don’t leave her to cook for 20 minutes.
14、部分否定
教材例句
All hope was lost.
句型解讀
該句為部分否定。All, both, everyone, everybody, everything 以及every+名詞都表示全部肯定；但當(dāng)not 在它們之前或之后都表示部分否定。no one, none nobody, nothing, not…any, 以及 no+名詞都表示全部否定。如：
① Both of them haven’t read this story.
并非他們二人都看過這個故事。
② All of the boys are clever, but none of them can work out this problem.
這些男孩都很聰明，但沒有一個人能解出這道題。
③ All bamboo doesn’t grow tall.=Not all bamboo grows tall.
并非所有的竹子都長的高。
15、only 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句
教材例句
We first broke the law in a way, which was peaceful; when this not allowed…only then did we decided to answer violence with violence.
句型解讀
Only 位于句首，修飾副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句時，句子采用部分倒裝的語序；修飾狀語從句時，只有主句采用部分倒裝的語序。
如：① Only in this way can you come up with a solution to the problem.
只有這樣，你才能想出解決這個問題的辦法。
② Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
叫了三次他才來參加會議。
③ Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.
病的很重時，他才臥床休息。
二、備考練習(xí)
1、—Come on; please give me some ideas about the project.
—Sorry. With so much work my mind, I almost break down. (07福建)
A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled
2、You will be successful in the interview you have confidence.(07福建)
A. before B.once C.until D.though
3、It is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them__ in his lectures.(07江蘇)
A. interested B interesting C interest D to interest
4.It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ____we’ve actually had that lesson.(07天津)
A. until B. after C. since D. when
5.We had to wait half an hour _____ we had already booked a table.(07遼寧)
A. since B. although C. until D. before
6.Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _______ they knew it to be valuable(07浙江)
A. as if B. now that C. even though D. so that
7. It _____ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks ____ I found we had a lot in common. (07浙江)
A. was until; when B. was until; that
C. wasn’t until; when D. wasn’t until; that
8. --Excuse me sir, where is Room 301?
---Just a minute. I’ll have Bob ____you to your room.(07北京)
A. show B. shows C. to show D. showing
9. that Maric was able to set up new branches elsewhere.(07陜西)
A.So successful her business was
B.So successful was her business
C.So her business was successful
D.So was her successful business
10.Pop music is such an important part of society ______ it has even influenced our language.(07上海)
A. as B. that C. which D. where
11.Only then ——how much damage had been cause D.(06陜西)
A she realized B she had realized
C had she realized D did she realized
12.To buy some salt, the careless housewife went downstairs, _____ the fish ____over the gas.
A left; cooked B leaving; being cooked
C leaving; cooking D left; being cooked
13 He is a student at Oxford University, ____for a degree in computer science.(07北京)
A studied B studying
C to have studied D to be studying
14.It is the first time that he ____to join us in a research. (07鄭州質(zhì)量檢測)
A agree B agreed C has agreed D will agree
詳解答案
1.B在with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，so much work與動詞fill之間是主動關(guān)系。故選B。A項表被動關(guān)系，如改為With my mind filled with so much work就正確了。
2.B 句意：在面試中，當(dāng)你有了信心，你就會成功的。B項once相當(dāng)于when和 as soon as(一旦；當(dāng)…..時候; 一… 就)C項應(yīng)用于not…until結(jié)構(gòu)中，D項意為“盡管、雖然”；語意不正確。
3.A 題干中make為使役動詞,空白處應(yīng)用賓語補足語,其句型結(jié)構(gòu)參見前面句型解讀4。
4.A 根據(jù)句意“在親身經(jīng)歷之前，我們很難體會生活中的教訓(xùn)?！笨膳袛喑鲞xA。 until (直到…..時為止)
5 .B 句意:雖然我們已經(jīng)預(yù)定了位置,但是還得等半個小時。根據(jù)句意前后句應(yīng)表達(dá)“雖然….. ，但是…..”故選B。
6.C 句意：他們中的很多人對他的建議充耳不聞，即使他們知道它有價值。根據(jù)句子的意思，這是一個讓步狀語從句。even though即使，now that 既然，so that 為了。
7. D 這是含有until引導(dǎo)狀語從句的強調(diào)句型。當(dāng)強調(diào)until從句部分時應(yīng)注意把not提前。
8. A have sb.do為不帶to的不定式作賓語補足語。
9.B so后有形容詞或副詞，放于句首，句子應(yīng)用倒裝。
10. B根據(jù)句意“流行音樂是社會中至關(guān)重要的一部分, 已經(jīng)影響了我們的語言?！笨膳袛喑鲇胹uch... that結(jié)構(gòu), 以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。
11.D 當(dāng)“only+狀語”放于句首時主句要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，then是過去的時間，故主句應(yīng)該用一般過去時。
12. B 本題第一空考查分詞作伴隨狀語，動作leave與句子的主語 the careless housewife之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，采用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作伴隨狀語；第二空考查“l(fā)eave+賓語+賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)，being cooked為現(xiàn)在分詞的被動形式，表示“與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生的一個被動動作”。
13 .B本題考查分詞作伴隨狀語的用法。
14.C It is the first time that 常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。
教材例句
…but your friend can’t go until he/she finishes cleaning the bicycle.
句型解讀
not…until/till 意思是“直到…才”，表示主句謂語所表示的動作直到until狀語所表示的時間才發(fā)生，主句的謂語動詞表示的是動作的開始，動詞既可以是延續(xù)性的，也可以是非延續(xù)性的。
2、It is /was the first time that…
教材例句
It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face.
句型解讀
It is the first (second…etc) that… (從句謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時)
It was the first (second…etc) that… (從句謂語動詞用過去完成時)
the first time 可作從屬連詞用，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。
如：The first time I saw her, my heart stopped.
3、with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
教材例句
Mum asked her if she was very hot with so many clothes on.
句型解讀
with+名詞/代詞(賓格)+分詞/形容詞/介詞短語/不定式/副詞在句中常作伴隨狀語。動詞形式的選擇取決于賓語同動詞之間的邏輯關(guān)系。
例如：The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
4.make 后接復(fù)合賓語
教材例句
…, so she made her diary her best friend.
句型解讀
make 后接復(fù)合賓語，賓語補足語須用不帶to 的不定式、形容詞、過去分詞、名詞等。常見的有以下幾種形式：
(1)make sb. do sth.讓(使)某人做某事。
He was made to repeat it.(注意在被動句中，不定式前要加to)
(2) make sb. /sth. +adj.使某人/物……
We should do our best to make our country stronger and more beautiful.
(3)make sb./ oneself +v-ed 讓某人/自己被……
When you speak, you should make yourself understood.
(4) make sb.+n. 使某人成為…
(5) make it n. /adj.+(for sb.) to do sth.
We made him leader of our team. (注意表示職位的名詞前不加冠詞)
He made it easy for us to understand the text.
5.even if/even though 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句
教材例句
Native speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.
句型解讀
even if/even though, 意為“即使”，用來引導(dǎo)一個讓步狀語從句，后面既可用陳述語氣，也可用虛擬語氣，但是even if/even though,引導(dǎo)的從句中不用將來時。如：Even though/if it rains tomorrow, we will leave for Beijing.
6.動詞 -ing形式作狀語
教材例句
One big change in English usage happened when Noah Webster wrote the American Dictionary of the English Language，giving American English its own identity.
句型解讀
動詞-ing形式作狀語時，可表示時間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式、伴隨狀況等，通常情況下句子的主語與該動詞之間是邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，表示時間關(guān)系的分詞短語有時可由when及while引出。如：Both of his parents died in the war, leaving him alone.
7.連詞since引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句
教材例句
Since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.
句型解讀
連詞since 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句用一般過去時，介詞since 與表示過去某一點時間的詞語連用，副詞since 后不用從句或詞語。
It is/has been+一段時間+since+一般過去時(從句中的動作不能延續(xù))自從……至今已經(jīng)多久了。
since then 自從那時至今 ever since 從那以后一直
8、強調(diào)句型
教材例句
It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends.
句型解讀
強調(diào)句型It is/was…that/who 的用法歸納如下：
強調(diào)句型可以強調(diào)除謂語動詞以外的任何句子成份。一般來說，如果被強調(diào)部分是人時，用連詞that或who；如果被強調(diào)部分是物，只能用連詞that。 強調(diào)句型應(yīng)避免使用when, where, which 等連詞。
含一般疑問句和特殊疑問句的強調(diào)句句型:
① 含一般疑問句的強調(diào)句型，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：Is it+被強調(diào)部分+that/who+句子的其余部分？
② 特殊疑問句的強調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)形式為：特殊疑問詞+is/was it that/who+句子的其余部分？
9、although/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句
教材例句
Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places,…
句型解讀
Although conj “盡管，雖然”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。拓展：
① although 從句多在句首， though 從句可在主句前、中、后任何位置，而且though 可以作副詞用于句末，作“但是，不過”講，而although 無此用法。
② although 用來陳述事實而不用于假設(shè)，所以as though(仿佛，好像)，even though(即使，盡管)中不能用although。
③ though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句可以倒裝(將表語、狀語、情態(tài)動詞后的動詞原形前置到句首，此用法同as),而 although 不可以。
10、once 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句
教材例句
Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.
句型解讀
Once 可作為從屬連詞，作“一(旦)……就……”解，連接一個表示時間的狀語從句。從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在完成時表將來。
如：Once you have begin you must continue.
Once printed，the book will be very popular。
11.there be 句型
教材例句
Now, imagine there has been a big earthquake.
句型解讀
“There +be +主語+其它成分”結(jié)構(gòu)中there為引導(dǎo)詞，本身無意義，謂語動詞按照就近一致原則。其它相似句型還有：
There happen to be 碰巧有
There seems/appears to be 好像有
There is likely to be 可能有
There may/might be 也許有
There must be 一定有
There can’t be 不可能有
There is said/reported to be 據(jù)說/據(jù)報道有
There used to be 曾經(jīng)有
There is sure/certain to be 一定有
12.It seems/seemed that…從句
教材例句
It seemed that the world was at an end。
句型解讀
從句表示“(在某人)看來好像；似乎”
① It seems/looks/appears as if/though…看起來好像…
② Sb./Sth. looks as if/though…(不用seem/appear)
③ There seems/appears(to be)…(不用 look)
There appears to have been a mistake. =It appears that there has been a mistake.
④ It seems so. =So it seems.看來似乎是這樣。
13、leave+賓語+賓補
教材例句
句型解讀
“l(fā)eave+賓語+賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)中l(wèi)eave 作為及物動詞，可以表示“使保留，讓…處于(某種狀態(tài)、某地等)”。其后接形容詞、分詞、不定式、介詞短語、名詞或句子等補足語。
如：① I’m sorry I’ve left some questions unanswered.
② He left the windows open.
③ Don’t leave her to cook for 20 minutes.
14、部分否定
教材例句
All hope was lost.
句型解讀
該句為部分否定。All, both, everyone, everybody, everything 以及every+名詞都表示全部肯定；但當(dāng)not 在它們之前或之后都表示部分否定。no one, none nobody, nothing, not…any, 以及 no+名詞都表示全部否定。如：
① Both of them haven’t read this story.
并非他們二人都看過這個故事。
② All of the boys are clever, but none of them can work out this problem.
這些男孩都很聰明，但沒有一個人能解出這道題。
③ All bamboo doesn’t grow tall.=Not all bamboo grows tall.
并非所有的竹子都長的高。
15、only 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句
教材例句
We first broke the law in a way, which was peaceful; when this not allowed…only then did we decided to answer violence with violence.
句型解讀
Only 位于句首，修飾副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句時，句子采用部分倒裝的語序；修飾狀語從句時，只有主句采用部分倒裝的語序。
如：① Only in this way can you come up with a solution to the problem.
只有這樣，你才能想出解決這個問題的辦法。
② Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
叫了三次他才來參加會議。
③ Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.
病的很重時，他才臥床休息。
二、備考練習(xí)
1、—Come on; please give me some ideas about the project.
—Sorry. With so much work my mind, I almost break down. (07福建)
A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled
2、You will be successful in the interview you have confidence.(07福建)
A. before B.once C.until D.though
3、It is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them__ in his lectures.(07江蘇)
A. interested B interesting C interest D to interest
4.It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ____we’ve actually had that lesson.(07天津)
A. until B. after C. since D. when
5.We had to wait half an hour _____ we had already booked a table.(07遼寧)
A. since B. although C. until D. before
6.Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _______ they knew it to be valuable(07浙江)
A. as if B. now that C. even though D. so that
7. It _____ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks ____ I found we had a lot in common. (07浙江)
A. was until; when B. was until; that
C. wasn’t until; when D. wasn’t until; that
8. --Excuse me sir, where is Room 301?
---Just a minute. I’ll have Bob ____you to your room.(07北京)
A. show B. shows C. to show D. showing
9. that Maric was able to set up new branches elsewhere.(07陜西)
A.So successful her business was
B.So successful was her business
C.So her business was successful
D.So was her successful business
10.Pop music is such an important part of society ______ it has even influenced our language.(07上海)
A. as B. that C. which D. where
11.Only then ——how much damage had been cause D.(06陜西)
A she realized B she had realized
C had she realized D did she realized
12.To buy some salt, the careless housewife went downstairs, _____ the fish ____over the gas.
A left; cooked B leaving; being cooked
C leaving; cooking D left; being cooked
13 He is a student at Oxford University, ____for a degree in computer science.(07北京)
A studied B studying
C to have studied D to be studying
14.It is the first time that he ____to join us in a research. (07鄭州質(zhì)量檢測)
A agree B agreed C has agreed D will agree
詳解答案
1.B在with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，so much work與動詞fill之間是主動關(guān)系。故選B。A項表被動關(guān)系，如改為With my mind filled with so much work就正確了。
2.B 句意：在面試中，當(dāng)你有了信心，你就會成功的。B項once相當(dāng)于when和 as soon as(一旦；當(dāng)…..時候; 一… 就)C項應(yīng)用于not…until結(jié)構(gòu)中，D項意為“盡管、雖然”；語意不正確。
3.A 題干中make為使役動詞,空白處應(yīng)用賓語補足語,其句型結(jié)構(gòu)參見前面句型解讀4。
4.A 根據(jù)句意“在親身經(jīng)歷之前，我們很難體會生活中的教訓(xùn)?！笨膳袛喑鲞xA。 until (直到…..時為止)
5 .B 句意:雖然我們已經(jīng)預(yù)定了位置,但是還得等半個小時。根據(jù)句意前后句應(yīng)表達(dá)“雖然….. ，但是…..”故選B。
6.C 句意：他們中的很多人對他的建議充耳不聞，即使他們知道它有價值。根據(jù)句子的意思，這是一個讓步狀語從句。even though即使，now that 既然，so that 為了。
7. D 這是含有until引導(dǎo)狀語從句的強調(diào)句型。當(dāng)強調(diào)until從句部分時應(yīng)注意把not提前。
8. A have sb.do為不帶to的不定式作賓語補足語。
9.B so后有形容詞或副詞，放于句首，句子應(yīng)用倒裝。
10. B根據(jù)句意“流行音樂是社會中至關(guān)重要的一部分, 已經(jīng)影響了我們的語言?！笨膳袛喑鲇胹uch... that結(jié)構(gòu), 以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。
11.D 當(dāng)“only+狀語”放于句首時主句要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，then是過去的時間，故主句應(yīng)該用一般過去時。
12. B 本題第一空考查分詞作伴隨狀語，動作leave與句子的主語 the careless housewife之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，采用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作伴隨狀語；第二空考查“l(fā)eave+賓語+賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)，being cooked為現(xiàn)在分詞的被動形式，表示“與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生的一個被動動作”。
13 .B本題考查分詞作伴隨狀語的用法。
14.C It is the first time that 常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。